Multi-material additive manufacturing (MMAM) have the capability to directly fabricate three-dimensional (3D) parts consisting of more than one material. Multi-

The selection of appropriate material for manufacturing of prosthetic socket is a critical decision that impacts comfort, durability, functionality, and cost effectiveness. This study employs a comprehensive Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach to evaluate ten potential materials for prosthetic sockets based on six evaluation criteria. High density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), nylon 6 (Polyamide 6), nylon 12 (Polyamide 12), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, vinyl ester resin, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), and polylactic acid (PLA) are assessed based on density, specific compressive strength, yield strength, young’s modulus, thermal conductivity, and relative cost of material. To address the complexity and multi dimensionality of the material selection process, four different MCDM techniques, Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Multi Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis (MOORA), Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS), and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) are employed in combination with an entropy weighting method to account for the varying importance of the criteria. By comparing these methods, we identify carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and vinyl ester resin as most promising materials that balances the mechanical properties, thermal behaviour, and economic considerations. CFRP being most expensive material among peers, its remarkable mechanical properties make it outperform other materials. The findings serve as a comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners in selecting materials to meet specific requirements for prosthetic socket manufacturing, while also offering a robust framework for future research and application in the field of prosthetics.

Nitinol shape memory alloy (SMA) exhibits distinctive characteristics like biocompatibility, shape memory effect, Pseudoelasticity, high resistance to oxidation, superior functional stability. Owing to these superior properties, Nitinol SMA becomes favourable choice for automotive, actuators, biomedical applications, aerospace industries and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMSs). The traditional machining techniques for Nitinol SMA imposes multiple difficulties owing to its characteristics like high toughness, lower strain hardening effect, increased ductility, and improved chemical reactivity. Wire-Electric Discharge Machining (WEDM) through powder-mixed dielectric is one such technique which is mostly suitable for difficult-to-cut materials. In current study, pulse-on-time (T_on), pulse-off-time (T_off), current, nano-graphene powder concentration were designated as machining parameters while SR as response variable for the WEDM of nitinol SMA. Design of experiments (DOE) was employed to create the experimental matrix with total of 27 experiments to be performed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to study the statistical analysis of the obtained results. Influence of machining variables on SR response has been investigated by using main effect plots. 3D surface plots were incorporated to understand the simultaneous effect of two variables on SR. Best parameter combinations for obtaining the lowest SR value was determined from the analysis. Authors believes that present work will be useful in the area of powder-mixed machining of Nitinol SMA.