A new generation of sensors can be engineered based on the sensing of several markers to satisfy the conditions of the multimodal detection principle. From this point of view, photoacoustic-based sensing approaches are essential. The photoacoustic effect relies on the generation of light-induced deformation (pressure) perturbations in media, which is essential for sensing applications since the photoacoustic response is formed due to a contrast in the optical, thermal, and acoustical properties. It is also particularly important to mention that photoacoustic light-based approaches are flexible enough for the measurement of thermal/elastic parameters. Moreover, the photoacoustic approach can be used for imaging and visualization in material research and biomedical applications. The advantages of photoacoustic devices are their compact sizes and the possibility of on-site measurements, enabling the online monitoring of material parameters. The latter has significance for the development of various sensing applications, including biomedical ones, such as monitoring of the biodistribution of biomolecules. To extend sensing abilities and to find reliable measurement conditions, one needs to clearly understand all the phenomena taking place during energy transformation during photoacoustic signal formation. Therefore, the current paper is devoted to an overview of the main measurement principles used in the photoacoustic setup configurations, with a special focus on the key physical parameters.

Nitrogen- and oxygen-containing carbon nanoparticles (O, N-CDs) were prepared by a facile one-step solvothermal method using urea and citric acid precursors. This method is cost-effective and easily scalable, and the resulting O, N-CDs can be used without additional functionalization and sample pretreatment. The structure of O, N-CDs was characterized by TEM, AFM, Raman, UV-vis, and FTIR spectroscopies. The obtained O, N-CDs with a mean diameter of 4.4 nm can be easily dispersed in aqueous solutions. The colloidal aqueous solutions of O, N-CDs show significant photothermal responses under red-IR and radiofrequency (RF) irradiations. The as-prepared O, N-CDs have a bright temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL). PL/PLE spectral maps were shown to be used for temperature evaluation purposes in the range of 30–50 °C. In such a way, the O, N-CDs could be used for biomedicine-related applications such as hyperthermia with simultaneous temperature estimation with PL imaging.

Modification of AC with C₂H₂F₄ (F4) or C₂HF₅ (F5) in the temperature range of 400–800 °C with the formation of up to 3 mmol g⁻¹ of chemisorbed fluorine in the form of fluoroalkyl CF₃ and CF₂ groups and semi-ionic C–F forms.

The article presents new research on the use of catalysts for H₂/O₂ recombination. The study emphasizes the importance of ensuring safe production, storage, and utilization of green hydrogen by recombining gas leaks. We suggest the utilization of innovative palladium catalysts for low-temperature hydrogen oxidation. These catalysts leverage molecular oxygen from the air to efficiently recombine small amounts of leaked hydrogen, resulting in the production of water. Recombination catalysts with a small amount of dispersed palladium metal on an inert support are the most efficient for production to prevent the risks of hydrogen explosion and fire. This study is focused on the development of laboratory prototypes for the H₂/O₂ recombination catalysts. We identified a potential catalytic system through monitoring of current literature to propose efficient hydrogen recombination catalysts. We present an optimized method for coating the surface of porous silicon nanoparticles with carbon layers, and introduce a technique for the production of supported palladium recombination catalysts. The proposed catalysts efficiently facilitate the recombination of hydrogen in lean air-hydrogen gas mixtures, offering a cost-effective alternative to more expensive commercial catalysts. Furthermore, they exhibit remarkable efficiency at both room and elevated temperatures. The final remarks underscore the necessity of creating new Pd catalysts to guarantee the secure storage and usage of hydrogen.

Carbon quantum dots have attracted great interest in recent years due to their unique physical and chemical properties. The certain property that distinguishes carbon quantum dots from other priority nanomaterials is their visible photoluminescence at room temperature. It is known that the photoluminescence of the material mainly depends on its nanoscale structure and the shape of nanoparticles. Currently, due to the fact that these nanoparticles not only brightly luminescent, but are also biocompatible with living organisms, biodegradable and low toxic, they are widely used in bioimaging and biomedicine as a biosensor and material for drug delivery into the body. In this short review, we describe the latest advances in synthesis, comprehensive research, and biomedical applications of bright photoluminescent carbon quantum dots. The article briefly describes the nature and main types of carbon nanomaterials, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of common methods for the synthesis of carbon quantum dots. In addition, attention is paid to describing the physical properties of carbon quantum dots proposed for use in biomedicine and methods of their investigation, and the future development of such applications in the field of health care is assessed. Благодаря своим уникальным физическим и химическим свойствам, углеродные квантовые точки в последние годы привлекаютбольшой интерес исследователей. Одним из уникальных свойств, отличающих углеродные квантовые точки от других перспективных наноматериалов - это их видимая фотолюминесценция при комнатной температуре. Известно, что фотолюминесценция материала в основном зависит от его наноразмерной структуры и формы наночастиц. В настоящее время из-за того, что эти наночастицы не только ярко люминесцируют, но и биосовместимы с живыми организмами, биоразлагаемы и малотоксичны, они широко используются для биовизуализации и в биомедицине в качестве биосенсоров и материала для адресной доставки лекарств в организме. В этом небольшом обзоре, мы описываем последние достижения в области синтеза, всестороннего исследования и биомедицинских применений углеродных квантовых точек с яркой фотолюминесценцией. В статье кратко описывается природа и основные типы углеродных наноматериалов, а также обсуждаются преимущества и недостатки распространенных методов синтеза углеродных квантовых точек. Кроме того, уделяется внимание описанию физических свойств углеродных квантовых точек, предлагаемых для использования в биомедицине, и методов их исследования, а также оценивается будущее развитие таких применений в области здравоохранения. Көміртекті кванттық нүктелер өзінің ерекше физикалық және химиялық қасиеттеріне байланысты соңғы жылдары үлкен қызығушылық тудыруда. Көміртекті кванттық нүктелерді басқа да болашағы зор наноматериалдардан айқын ететін бірден бір қасиеті деп бөлме температурасындағы көрінетін жарқын фотолюминесценциясын атауға болады. Материалдың фотолюминесценциясы негізінен оның наноөлшемді құрылымы мен нанобөлшектердің пішіндеріне тәуелді екені мәлім. Қазіргі уақытта аталмыш нанобөлшектекрдің жарқын люминесцентті ғана емес, сондай-ақ тірі ағзамен биоүйлесімді, биоыдырайтын және улылығы төмен болуына байланысты олар биобейнелеуде, биосенсорлар және ағзаға дәрі-дәрмек жеткізуші материал ретінде биомедицинада кеңінен қолданыс тапқан. Біз ұсынып отырған осы шағын шолуымызда жарқын фотолюминесценцияға ие болатын көміртекті кванттық нүктелерін синтездеу, қасиеттерін жан-жақты зерттеу және биомедициналық қолдану саласындағы соңғы жетістіктерді сипаттаймыз. Мақалада көміртекті наноматериалдардың табиғаты мен негізгі түрлері қысқаша сипатталып, көміртекті кванттық нүктелерді синтездеудің кеңінен таралған әдістерінің кемшіліктері мен артықшылықтары талқыланған. Сонымен қатар, биомедициналық...