The widespread occurrence of litter is a severe threat to global ecosystems. We have analyzed online media, to assess the diversity of animals that are prone to getting trapped in discarded containers and check which kind of containers is the most common trap for animals. A total of 503 records from around the world (51 countries, 6 continents) have been found. These include invertebrates (17 taxa, ca.1050 dead individuals), and vertebrates (98 taxa, 496 individuals including 44 carcasses). The latter group was most frequently represented by mammals (78.5% of all cases), then reptiles (15.3%), birds (1.2%), fish (1.0%) and amphibians (0.4%). Nearly 12.5% of the determined vertebrates are classified as vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered, according to the IUCN. Although most trapped individuals were smaller animals, bigger ones such as monitor lizards (Varanus spp.) or large carnivores were also recorded. In most cases, animals were trapped in glass or plastic jars (32.4%), drink cans (16.5%), and steel cans (16.3%). Our results demonstrate that discarded containers can be a threat to all major groups of animals. In order to address this phenomenon, it is necessary to decrease a global production of debris, implement container deposit legislation and organize repeatable cleanup actions.

Detailed and illustrated descriptions of three new species belonging to the tribe Lobellini from Vietnam are given.Lobellina weineraesp. n.is the most similar toL. minuta(Lee, 1980) andL. musangensisYosii, 1976, but differs from them in chaetotaxic details and the number of mandibular teeth.Lobellina pomorskiisp. n.differs fromL. perfusionides(Stach, 1965) in chaetotaxic details and the number of tubercles on Abd.V.Yuukianura deharvengisp. n.is superficially similar toY. halophilaYosii, 1955, but it differs in the build of the maxilla, the size of eyes and an inner tooth on the claw, and in chaetotaxic details. Furthermore, some remarks on the characteristics and the peculiarity of the Vietnamese fauna of the subfamily, and the key to all species from the country, are included.

Forests are important habitats that harbor high biodiversity and have great economic value to humans. These ecosystems depend on saproxylic organisms, which play a crucial role in the decomposition of the main substrate of forests – wood. The highly important group of saproxylic organisms are beetles, with numerous species that are either of conservation concern (rare and threatened) or have economic value (“pests”). This review summarizes what is known about intra- and interspecific genetic information on species or populations of saproxylic beetles. A search of the literature yielded 110 articles published in 57 journals. The majority of molecular research has focused on “pests” (82 articles on 59 species), with fewer studies of the “non-pest” beetles (28 articles on 40 species, including 10 relicts of primeval forests). Most studies concerned Palearctic and Nearctic taxa, with only a few articles on beetles from (sub)tropical forests. Members of 11 families, 38 genera and 99 species were the subject of molecular studies. The majority of studies (71%) were conducted on beetles associated with conifers. Genetic metrics were found to have different overall values in “pests” and the “non-pest” species. Analyzes resulted in identification of units or either conservation (15 cases) or taxonomic (33) value, the discovery of hybridization (4), invasion routes, and common phylogeographic patterns with the localization of glacial refugial areas. This article is the first comprehensive summary of what is known about the history, present-day diversity, and relationships of highly important group of saproxylic beetles based on molecular studies. “Pests” found to be much wider studied than threatened taxa. A list of species that should be the subject of future molecular studies was provided along with a rationale. Finally, methodological and objective deficiencies in previous studies were characterized.

To address the decline in biodiversity, international cooperation in monitoring of threatened species is needed. Citizen science can play a crucial role in achieving this challenging goal, but most citizen science projects have been established at national or regional scales. Here we report on the establishment and initial findings of the European Stag Beetle Monitoring Network (ESBMN), an international network of stag beetle (Lucanus cervus) monitoring schemes using the same protocol. The network, started in 2016, currently includes 14 countries (see results) but with a strong variation in output regarding the number of transects (148 successful transects in total) and transect walks (1735). We found differences across European regions in the number of stag beetles recorded, related to phenology and temperature, but not for time of transect start. Furthermore, the initial experiences of the ESBMN regarding international cooperation, citizen science approach, and drop-out of volunteers is discussed. An international standardised protocol that allows some local variation is essential for international collaboration and data management, and analysis is best performed at the international level, whereas recruiting, training, and maintaining volunteers is best organised locally. In conclusion, we appeal for more joint international citizen science-based monitoring initiatives assisting international red-listing and conservation actions.

Intricatonura fjellbergi, gen. nov., sp. nov. (Neanuridae: Neanurinae: Neanurini) is described from temperate North America. The genus has a unique suite of autapomorphic morphological characters: reduction of labial chaetotaxy to 6 setae, division of DL tubercles on 2nd and 3rd thoracic tergites, rectangular and transverse shape of Di tubercles on abdominal segments I–IV, and absence of tubercles and ordinary De setae on abdomen I–IV. Morphologically, Intricatonura resembles Vietnura Deharveng & Bedos, a monotypic genus known from Vietnam. Resumen Intricatonura fjellbergi gen. nov., sp. nov. (Neanuridae: Neanurinae: Neanurini) es descrito de la América del Norte templada. El género tiene un conjunto único de caracteres morfológicos autapomórficos: reducción del grupo de setas labial a seis setas, división de los tubérculos DL en el segundo y tercer tergitos torácicos, forma rectangular y transversal de los Di tubérculos en los segmentos abdominales I–IV y ausencia de tubérculos y de setas ordinarios en el abdomen I–IV. Morfológicamente, Intricatonura se asemeja a Vietnura Deharveng y Bedos, un género monotípico del Vietnam.