It is important to carry out the morphological characterization of coffee parent plants and the physicochemical properties of the associated soils in the Amazon region, Peru, in order to achieve germplasm conservation. One hundred coffee mother plants were identified and located in five provinces of the region and evaluated according to morphological descriptors such as stipula shape, young leaf color, leaf shape, leaf apex shape, young shoot color, leaf color, fruit color, fruit shape, mature leaf color, and rust incidence percentage. In the plots where the parent plants were located, soil sampling was carried out to determine the physical and chemical properties. The varieties with the greatest presence in the five provinces were Típica and caturra roja, with the greatest number of specimens reported for the province of Bagua. The predominant stipule shape was triangular (91%), lanceolate leaf shape (60%) and red fruit color (90%). Bongará reported the lowest incidence of yellow rust, as well as the Mundo Novo Rojo variety. Soil pH ranged from acidic to neutral values, low electrical conductivity, high organic matter content, low phosphorus content, high potassium levels and medium cation exchange capacity. The predominant textural class was sandy loam. The physical and chemical characterization of the soils under study show favorable ranges to encourage the best development of coffee cultivation.

Peru is one of the main producers of fine aroma native cacao, expanding its areas considerably in recent years, which makes it necessary to seek adequate management alternatives to obtain advantageous yields. The present work had the objective of testing the influence of Trichoderma sp. endophytic strains on the agronomic characteristics of ecotypes of Theobroma cacao L. under nursery conditions, Cajaruro district, Utcubamba, Amazonas, Peru. The Trichoderma strains evaluated were Trichoderma breve; T. harzianum; T. longibrachatum; T. afrojarzianum, and Trichoderma sp. which were inoculated on cocoa seedlings of ecotypes CCN51; TCHS565; and Nativo fino de aroma. The variables evaluated were chlorophyll indices (at 30, 45, 60, and 70 days after planting), percentage of endophyte colonization, root hair development, trichomes on stems, and agronomic characteristics (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, root dry and fresh weight, root size, etc.). The results showed that the application of Trichoderma breve in the fine aroma native cocoa ecotype (T12) presented the highest chlorophyll index at 75 days after planting (DAP) with 43.53±1.59 and 49.77±2.42 for the apex and leaf base, respectively, with a percentage of colonization in the root hairs of 66.67, and with better characteristics for the number of leaves with 12.00±3.46. T12 showed positive influences for plant height, leaf number, and chlorophyll index. Treatments based on T. harzianum+CCN51 (T5) and T. afroharzianum+TSHS565 (T6) showed 100 colonization of the root hairs and trichomes on stems. Endophytic Trichoderma fungi are an alternative for organic production of fine aroma cocoa in Peru, improving the agronomic characteristics of the crop.

Corn (Zea mays) silage is an important and popular feed for dairy production in the Amazon region, so it is necessary to evaluate the agronomic performance of forage varieties of corn for cattle feeding in Amazonas. For this purpose, three corn varieties were evaluated (variety 1: Yellow Starchy Corn, variety 2: Chuska INIA 617, and variety 3: DOW 2B710), with two planting densities (density 1: 30 × 80 cm and density 2: 35 × 75 cm) and two fertilization conditions: with fertilization (F1) and without fertilization (F2). The parameters evaluated were plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and width, stem diameter, fresh forage, and dry matter. Student t-tests, correlation analysis of variables, and principal component analysis using R software version 4.1.3 were used for data analysis. The results indicated that variety 2 obtained the best values for the variables leaf width (12.33 cm) and stem diameter (3.25 cm), fresh forage (17.77 kg/m²), and dry matter (4.8 kg/m²), which would explain the directly proportional correlation found between leaf width and stem diameter with fresh forage and dry matter. The principal component analysis showed constant height and leaf length increases, and the best-evaluated parameters were associated with applying fertilizer. The variety that showed the best agronomic performance under Chachapoyas conditions was Chuska INIA 617, emerging as a potential feed for cattle.