Dental pulp treatment is the least intrusive procedure currently available for preserving the vitality of the pulp. Several studies are underway to improve the bioactivity of pulp capping materials. Tideglusib isa potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and a regenerative drug developed against Alzheimer’s disease and has been shown to be effective in the treatment of dental cavities. However, its bioactive properties encapsulated within the nanoparticles as a component of pulp capping material are largely unknown. In this study, tideglusib-loaded bioactive glass nanoparticles were synthesized (tideglusib-BgNPs) and mixed at various concentrations into the calcium silicate cement to testits physiomechanical and bioactivitiescompared with biodentine (control). The calcium silicate cement with 10wgt% tideglusib-BgNPs showed comparable physiomechanical properties to that of biodentine. Additionally, the assessment of cytotoxicity and bioactivity (cell proliferation, wound healing, and cell migration assays) showed increased bioactivity in terms of better wound healing, increased proliferation, and better migration of human dental pulp stem cells than biodentine. These findings suggest new opportunities to use tideglusib-BgNPs in pulp therapy.

Microbubbles (MBs) are gas or vapor-filled cavities inside liquids with sizes ranging from 2 to 3 µm. Recently, MBs have shown great promise in nanomedicine owing to their high encapsulation efficiency, targeted drug release, improved biocompatibility, and longer blood circulation. Furthermore, they are more suitable for focusing on particular body regions and are safer and non-invasive. MBs generators are used to create bubbles in fluid dynamics, chemistry, medicine, agriculture, and the environment. Drug delivery using MBs increases penetration without causing systemic toxicity. In this study, we examined whether the use of microbubbles as a local drug-delivery mechanism increases tubular penetration of endodontic medications and irrigant. An Enterococcus faecalis culture was added to 38 dentin cylinders of single-rooted teeth. Samples were divided into the experimental and control groups that received a triple antibiotic paste with and without MB infusion (n = 19 in each group), respectively. After 14 days, the number of live bacteria in the samples was determined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. After 14 days of contact with the medication, the percentages of live and dead bacteria were assessed. Results show that Group 2 (Triple antibiotic infused micro bubble) showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher antibacterial efficacy than Group 1 (TAP). In this study, the antibacterial efficacy was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Therefore, within the limitations of the study it can be said that MB infusion is a viable technique to improve root canal disinfection. Hence, it can be considered as a novel technique for local drug delivery systems in endodontic management.

Background: The clinical success of post-core restorations is determined by the composite utilized and the strength of the post-core adhesion. The effectiveness of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) as a multifunctional material with photo-induced activities and better mechanical characteristics are observed as particle size is reduced to under 50 nm. Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the bond strength of fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) posts with TiO₂ NP as fillers and to compare it with conventional composite resin core material. Materials and Methods: 30 single-rooted mandibular premolars were selected and routine root canal procedures were done. A quantity of 5% TiO₂ NPs were synthesized and added as silanized filler to the experimental composite resin. Post space was prepared and fibre-reinforced composite (FRC) post luting was performed. The specimens were then grouped into the following groups: Group I consisted of the experimental composite resin containing 5% TiO₂ fillers, Group II consisted of core X flow, and Group III consisted of Multicore Flow. All test groups were submitted for thermocycling. After this, the samples were tested for micro tensile bond strength. A stereomicroscope with a magnification of 20× was used to examine the fractured surfaces. The data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that Group I showed the highest mean bond strength value of 35.6180 Mpa. The results obtained with Group III showed the lowest mean bond strength value of 19.4690 Mpa. Adhesive failures were identified by stereomicroscopy of the fractured surfaces. Conclusion: The experimental composite resin comprising 5% TiO₂ NP had a greater bond to the FRC post than other materials tested.

Background: Composite resin restoration is technique sensitive, where there is poor control over moisture leading to incomplete polymerization of the monomers. Hence, it is imperative to study a material which improves the mechanical and physical properties of the resin composite in the moist, oral environment, which is less affected by the saliva. Aim: The aim of this study was to synthesize composite resin by combining water soluble photoinitiator such as 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl phosphine oxide (TPO) (type II) and camphorquinone (CQ) photoinitiator (type I) and to investigate mechanical and physical properties with and without salivary contamination when compared to traditional composite with CQ alone. Methodology: Experimental composite resin was synthesized by combining water soluble photoinitiator such as 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl phosphine oxide (TPO) with CQ photoinitiator. Samples were prepared based on ISO 4049 guidelines and divided into experimental composite with salivary contamination (n = 50), and without salivary contamination (n = 50) and traditional composite (SOLARE X-GC company) with salivary contamination (n = 50) and without salivary contamination (n = 50). Properties such as compressive strength, tensile strength, shear bond strength, degree of conversion, and depth of cure were evaluated. Results: Experimental composite with salivary contamination had shown statistically significant difference in mechanical and physical properties when compared to traditional composite. Conclusion: This study concluded that combining water soluble photoinitiator such as TPO (type II) with CQ (type I) provides a synergistic effect by increasing the mechanical properties under salivary conditions.

Adhesive restorations fail predominantly through fracture and caries at the restoration margin, and the resin-dentine interface has therefore become an attractive target for materials that kill or suppress bacteria. Since the incorporation of a polymerisable quaternary ammonium monomer into a dentine primer in the late 1990s, several hundred laboratory investigations have reported that antibacterial adhesives suppress biofilm viability, acidogenicity and biomass, frequently by several orders of magnitude, and often without measurable loss of immediate bond strength. Only one such system has reached widespread commercial availability, and the clinical evidence supporting a caries-preventive benefit remains thin. This critical narrative review examines whether the biological premise, the mechanistic evidence and the outcome data of antimicrobial dental adhesives cohere. Literature was identified through structured searching of open scholarly databases and indexes, supplemented by citation searching, with reference identity and digital object identifiers verified against registry records. The synthesis is organised around the causal model of secondary caries, the principal chemistries and their structure-activity relationships, the architecture of the laboratory models used to demonstrate efficacy, interactions with bonding performance and interfacial durability, biological safety and resistance, and clinical translation. Three findings dominate. First, wall lesion development in situ and in vitro is governed principally by interfacial gap dimension rather than by bacterial viability at an intact interface, which places much of the demonstrated antibacterial activity at a site where lesions do not readily form. Second, antibacterial activity of adhesive surfaces attenuates markedly with pellicle deposition, water ageing and thermal cycling, whereas most efficacy testing is performed on freshly cured specimens. Third, the largest clinical dataset available found no difference in restoration survival or in failure attributed to caries between an adhesive containing an antibacterial monomer and a conventional control. Confidence in the concept is currently limited by outcome measures that are only loosely connected to lesion progression, by short observation periods and by probable reporting bias. Priorities include ageing-inclusive testing protocols, gap-relevant model systems and adequately powered trials in demonstrably high-risk populations.