This correlational cross-sectional study was designed to investigate whether the intimate partner violence (IPV) suffered by mothers (physical and psychological maltreatment), child eyewitness of psychological and physical maltreatment suffered by the mother, the neglect suffered by children, and the maltreatment (physical and psychological) directly suffered by children are statistically associated to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms exhibited by the child. In addition, the prevalence of child PTSD was estimated, as well as the concordance between the PTSD symptoms assessed by the Child PTSD Symptom Scale (CPSS) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for child PTSD. The sample consisted of 152 Spanish children aged 8 to 17 and their mothers, who were recruited from Centers of Specialized Assistance for Women Victims of IPV. PTSD prevalence was 20.4%. The results of a canonical correlation analysis showed that the two types of maltreatment with the largest contribution to the canonical variable were physical maltreatment directly suffered by the child, and child eyewitness of physical maltreatment suffered by the mother. The potential developmental pathway of PTSD when both children and mothers suffer severe maltreatment needs to be examined, and this will contribute to the choice of the most effective type of specialized intervention.

Los datos preliminares confirman el impacto psicológico que la crisis por COVID-19 está provocando en niños y adolescentes de población comunitaria. Se desconoce cómo afecta a la población infantil que sufre maltrato intrafamiliar. El objetivo del estudio fue examinar el impacto emocional adicional que supone la medida de confinamiento en menores de edad expuestos a violencia de pareja hacia la mujer que recibían atención psicológica en la Región de Murcia. Ciento ochenta y cinco madres informaron vía telefónica cómo el confinamiento afectó a 269 niños/as de entre 0 y 18 años. También los 108 menores que tenían 6 años o más, cumplimentaron el listado sobre su propio estado emocional. El incremento en la incidencia de alteraciones psicológicas en esta población ha sido baja (1.1-4.8%), si bien entre aquellos que aumentó la sintomatología predominaron la desorganización comportamental y la alteración emocional. Asimismo, se comprobó que algunas variables (sexo, edad, días de confinamiento, conflicto familiar) contribuyeron al incremento de desorganización comportamental y estrés traumático/depresión. Es preciso desarrollar más trabajos en esta línea por las implicaciones que se pueden derivar tanto a nivel de diagnóstico como de tratamiento.

Resumen En este trabajo se exponen las prevalencias de los indicadores psicopatológicos (ansiedad, depresión e ira) derivados de la exposición a situaciones de maltrato intrafamiliar, en una muestra de 42 menores tutelados (57% niños y 43% niñas). Dicha investigación se ha realizado en base al Proyecto de Evaluación, Diagnóstico y Tratamiento Psicológico en Menores Tutelados (PEDIMET). Para tal fin, en primer lugar se realizará un análisis de la consistencia interna de los instrumentos de evaluación seleccionados: Cuestionario de Autoevaluación Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo en niños (STAIC; Spielberger, 1973); Cuestionario de Sensibilidad a la Ansiedad para niños (CASI; Silverman, Fleisig, Rabian y Peterson, 1991), Inventario de Depresión Infantil (CDI; Kovacs, 1992) e Inventario de expresión de Ira Estado-Rasgo en niños y adolescentes (STAXI-NA; Del Barrio, Spielberger y Aluja,2005). Se analizan las prevalencias en ansiedad (CASI, 33.71% y STAIC 11.43% para A-E y A-R), depresión (19%) e ira (20% para Rasgo y 7.5% para Estado), así como las diferencias relativas al sexo, en la muestra seleccionada.
Abstract In this paper we describe the prevalence of psychopathology indicators (anxiety, depression and anger) from exposure to situations of domestic abuse in a sample of 42 children in care (57% boys and 43% girls). This research was conducted based on the Project Evaluation, Diagnosis and Psychological Tratment in Children Care (PEDIMET). To this end, we first conduct an analysis of the internal consistency of the assessment tools selected: SAQ State-Trait Anxiety in children (STAIC, Spielberger, 1973); Questionnaire Anxiety Sensitivity for children (CASI; Silverman, Fleisig, Rabies and Peterson, 1991), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI, Kovacs, 1992) and Anger Expression Inventory State-Trait in children and adolescents (STAXI-NA, Del Barrio, Aluja Spielberger, 2005). We analyze the prevalence in anxiety (CASI, 33.71% and 11.43% STAIC for SA and TA), depression (19%) and anger (20% to 7.5% Trait State) as well as differences relating to sex in the selected sample. Keywords:

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de Trastorno por Estrés Postraumático (TEPT) acorde a los criterios DSM-IV-TR en niños españoles expuestos a abuso crónico, y establecer las diferencias en TEPT entre niños tutelados y expuestos a violencia de pareja contra la mujer. Método: 211 menores (8-17 años) (Grupo abusado; EG=102, Grupo control; CG=109). Resultados: La prevalencia de TEPT fue 1.8% en grupo control y 16.7% en niños abusados. La prevalencia de TEPT es significativamente más alta en EG que en CG. Entre los niños no hubo diferencias significativas entre EG y CG, y en las niñas fue significativamente más alta en EG que en CG. Conclusión: los niños expuestos a violencia de pareja tienen la misma prevalencia de TEPT que los niños víctimas directas de abuso y es mucho mayor que la encontrada en población general. Es necesaria una mayor coordinación entre los servicios judicial, social y sanitario para proteger la infancia.

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between neurodevelopmental areas and possible difficulties in emotional-behavioural variables, and to determine if sex moderated this relationship. A community sample of 231 boys and girls with typical development and with a mean age of 19.84 months was evaluated, using the Bayley-III and CBCL 1.5-5 scales. The main results confirmed: (1) better linguistic abilities in girls in both language areas (receptive communication and expressive communication), finding more evidence according to the Bayesian analysis in expressive communication; (2) in the emotional-behavioural area girls had higher scores in withdrawal; (3) significant negative correlations of low magnitude were found between the Bayley and CBCL scales, particularly in the areas of language and cognitive and internalising and externalising problems; (4) children with low cognitive abilities and those with poor receptive communication showed more inter and externalising difficulties; (5) no significant predictive value or moderating effect of sex was found, (6) the number of participants who simultaneously manifested significant deficits in both domains (neurodevelopmental and emotional-behavioural) was very reduced. Future research should corroborate these results and the characteristics of the relationship found at these early ages. Detecting the population at risk in the first two years of life would enable the implementation of interventions aimed at improving neurodevelopmental deficits and emotional-behavioural problems. Thus, identification of deficits in one domain should lead to evaluation of the other.

The aim of this study was to analyse the inclusion of a gender perspective (GP) in scientific production on interventions for a reduction in psychological distress in children who have experienced parental gender-based violence (CEXPGBV). To achieve this, a review of publications was carried out in the Web of Science, EBSCOhost, ProQuest and Cochrane Library databases. A total of 3418 records were found, and 44 items of research selected. For GP analysis, the questionnaire “Gender perspective in health research” (GPIHR) was applied and relationships with the terminology of violence were analysed, as well as the definition of term used, references to violence by men or received by women and the instruments used to assess these. Generally, the assessed studies do not contain a GP, since 70% of the GPIHR items were answered negatively. Likewise, 89% of research used general terms to refer to violence without referring to gender. These results show the importance of considering instruments such as GPIHR in both the planning and development of future research in order to avoid possible gender bias.