This work experimentally studies the mechanical properties and microstructure of cementitious composites reinforced with a three-dimensional graphene–carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid. Firstly, the graphene–CNT (GC) hybrid is dispersed in cement pastes using ultrasonication and surfactant, and then, the effect of the GC hybrid on the early hydration of the cement pastes is investigated. The experimental results show that adding the GC hybrid shortens the setting stage of cement hydration and accelerates the early hydration process. Moreover, the macro- and micro-mechanical properties of each group are evaluated. The 7- and 28-day strength of the cement pastes improves with addition of the GC hybrid. Finally, the microstructural analysis demonstrates that the GC hybrid is reasonably well distributed in cement and forms a spatial network, which could bridge the cracks and compact the cementitious matrix.

Taking cities in Zhejiang Province of China from 2011 to 2020 as the research object, a multi-dimensional urbanization quality evaluation index system was constructed using the comprehensive analysis method, and the urbanization quality of 11 cities in Zhejiang Province was quantitatively measured using the entropy weight method. The system classification and time-space evolution analysis were carried out using ArcGIS software (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc., RedLands, CA, USA) to comprehensively study the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the urbanization quality of cities in Zhejiang Province. This study provides a reference for local governments to formulate feasible urbanization development strategies and policies to promote the high-quality development of urbanization and for the construction of new urbanization in other provinces and cities.

The study of spatial geometric similarity plays a significant role in spatial data retrieval. Many researchers have examined spatial geometric similarity, which is useful for spatial analysis and data retrieval. However, the majority of them focused on objects of the same type. Methods to support the spatial geometric similarity computation for different types of objects are rare, a systematic theory index has not been developed yet, and there has not been a comprehensive computational model of spatial geometric similarity. In this study, we conducted an analysis of the spatial geometric similarity computation based on conformal geometric algebra (CGA), which has certain advantages in the quantitative computation of the measurement information of spatial objects and the qualitative judgment of the topological relations of spatial objects. First, we developed a unified expression model for spatial geometric scenes, integrating shapes of objects and spatial relations between them. Then, we established a model for the spatial geometric similarity computation under various geographical circumstances to provide a novel approach for spatial geometric similarity research. Finally, the computation model was verified through a case study. The study of spatial geometric similarity sheds light on spatial data retrieval, which has scientific significance and practical value.

The rapid development of industry has led to intensive energy and resource consumption, increasing carbon emissions. As key areas for carbon control, metropolitan regions play an essential role in China’s urbanization and regional development, yet research on predicting industrial carbon emissions remains insufficient. This study takes the Hangzhou Metropolitan Area in China as a case study and employs an extended STIRPAT model to predict industrial carbon emissions from 2024 to 2050 across different scenarios. The results show that industrial carbon emission intensity has the most significant impact on carbon emissions, followed by urbanization, population, economy, industrial structure, technology, energy intensity, and openness. The peak time of industrial carbon emissions varies significantly under different scenarios. The peak appears in 2026 under the deep emission reduction scenario, in 2028 under the green economy scenario, in 2030 under the baseline scenario, and does not occur by 2050 under the extensive development scenario. The green economy scenario achieves effective emission reductions with the least economic impact and is superior to the single-emission-reduction-oriented deep-emission-reduction scenario. This study responds to China’s “dual-carbon” strategy and provides a replicable and transferable regional pathway for industrial decarbonization and policy-making in other metropolitan areas.

The three-dimensional (3D) built environment encodes critical information about urban form intensity, environmental exposure, and resource consumption. However, previous studies have often overlooked the integration of long-term analyses of both horizontal expansion and vertical growth. This study aims to identify the spatial differentiation, morphology types, and vertical growth trajectories of major Chinese megacities over the past three decades. Using high-resolution GABLE building data and time-series GAIA impervious surface data, we examine the evolution of urban 3D morphology across six major Chinese megacities from 1991 to 2023 through a retrospective analysis of building construction years combined with spatial gradient analysis. The results reveal that although the megacities exhibit distinct differences in vertical structure, shape complexity, and spatial compactness, they share a consistent center-to-periphery gradient across most 3D indicators. The most active volumetric growth was concentrated in a zone 8–14 km from city centers, which accounted for 23.6% of total new development, whereas the inner core within 6 km contributed less than 2.68%. In terms of temporal dynamics, Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou follow an inverted-V-shaped 3D expansion trajectory driven by mid-rise construction; Tianjin and Hangzhou show accelerated growth with a higher proportion of high-rise clusters; while Shenzhen demonstrates an early peak and a decelerated growth rate, accompanied by a pronounced polycentric pattern. While recent global-scale studies have suggested a shift from outward urban sprawl to vertical development, our findings indicate that horizontal expansion still dominates in the selected Chinese megacities, with outward sprawl exceeding vertical densification during the study period. The integrated approach provides a robust framework for mapping 3D urbanization and offers practical insights for policymakers seeking to manage horizontal expansion, guide vertical intensification, and optimize land-use efficiency in rapidly urbanizing megacities.

Meat substitutes such as man-made meat are emerging to promote low-carbon healthy consumption, mitigate climate change, and assist healthy economic development; however, most consumers seem reluctant to make the transition. While profound social change may be required to make significant progress in this area, limited efforts have been made to understand the psychological processes that may hinder or facilitate this transition. To clearly identify the factors influencing the public’s intention to consume man-made meat and their influencing paths, this study analyzes the mechanism by which man-made meat information disclosure affects the public’s intention to consume these products based on the social cognitive theory of “awareness-situation-behavior” and using structural equation modeling, with residents of seven Chinese cities as examples (647 respondents). The results of this study yielded three main findings. First, low-carbon awareness, personal social responsibility awareness, and man-made meat risk perception significantly influence the public’s intention to consume man-made meat, with risk perception having the greatest influence (−0.434). Second, low-carbon awareness and man-made meat risk perception have a significant interaction effect on the public’s intention to consume man-made meat (−0.694). Third, man-made meat information disclosure has the most significant moderating effect on the relationship between low-carbon awareness and the public’s intention to consume man-made meat, as well as a moderating effect on the relationship between man-made meat risk perception and the public’s intention to consume man-made meat.