By utilizing cognitive mapping and leveraging georeferenced text data, this paper aims to suggest a new visualization method that combines the advantages of both conventional and state-of-the-art research techniques to depict the collective identity of place in a single image. The study addressed two research questions: (1) Can crowd-sourced text data be utilized in representing place identity? (2) Can collective place identity be expressed in the form of a cognitive map? By confirming that text data gathered from social media effectively demonstrate people’s behaviors and perceptions related to places, we propose a novel method to create a visual representation of urban identity–a “crowd-sourced cognitive map”. In particular, to improve the conventional cognitive mapping method to depict the collective identity of a city, we draw cognitive maps of Bundang and Ilsan developed in the 1990s, as well as Songdo and Dongtan developed in the 2000s, just outside of the administrative boundaries of Seoul in Korea, through a computational method based on crowd-sourced opinions collected from social media. We open the possibility for the use of social media text data to capture the identity of cities and suggest a graphical image through which people without prior information could also easily apprehend the overall image of a city. The work in this paper is expected to provide a methodological technique for appropriate decision-making and the evaluation of urban identity to shape a more unique and imageable city.

This paper explores the relationships between students’ activities, space choice patterns and satisfaction with campus space provision with the aim of establishing rational space utilization strategies. Many universities attempt to achieve their sustainability goals and address the constraints of space restrictions by implementing no-net growth policies and rational space utilization strategies. However, architects or facility managers often experience difficulties in keeping their commitment to such initiatives because they lack empirical data that explain the relationships in action between students and campus space. This paper demonstrates these relationships by analysing empirical data obtained from a university campus. University students completed 330 student-day time-use surveys and relevant post-occupancy evaluations for regular days at university. Three major space-choice-rejection patterns were found: (1) spaces for 56% of activities were chosen by students themselves; (2) students often struggled to find an appropriate space for their group activities; (3) students’ space choice behaviour was both common and influential on campus. A campus sustainability model of space choice-rejection was theorized based on the students’ post-occupancy evaluations, comprising anticipated space choice and intended space rejection. Three categories of relationships were established: space-oriented relationships with space environmental performance and spatial form; user-oriented relationships with user capacity and locational accessibility and equipment-oriented relationships with equipment adequacy and equipment condition.