The atmospheric oxidation mechanism of naphthalene (Nap) initiated by the OH radical is investigated using density functional theory at B3LYP and BB1K levels. The initial step is dominated by OH addition to the C₁-position of Nap, forming radical C₁₀H₈-1-OH (R1), followed by the O₂ additions to the C₂ position to form peroxy radical R1-2OO, or by the hydrogen abstraction by O₂ to form 1-naphthol. In the atmosphere, R1-2OO will react with NO to form R1-2O, undergo intramolecular hydrogen transfer from –OH to –OO to form R1-P2O1 radicals, or possibly undergo ring-closure to R1-29OO bi-cyclic radical; while the formation of other bi-cyclic intermediate radicals is negligible because of the extremely high Gibbs energy barriers of >100 kJ mol⁻¹ (relative to R1+O₂). The mechanism is different from the oxidation mechanism of benzene, where the bi-cyclic intermediates play an important role. Radicals R1-P2O1 will dissociate to 2-formylcinnamaldehyde, while R1-2O will be transformed to stable products C₁₀H₆O₃via epoxide-like intermediates. A few reaction pathways suggested in previous experimental studies are found to be invalid.

Solar interfacial evaporation has been receiving increasing attention but it is still a huge challenge to achieve excellent coordination between efficient water transport and salt rejection. Here, unlike the common wood-inspired evaporators with equal-diameter directional pores, we have constructed an integrated structure with highly connected gradient pores that mimic the xylem vessels and phloem sieve tubes found in trees. The bio-inspired structure can reduce the resistance of water transport and salt rejection in the same channel. The average transport speed of the 6.5 cm high (2 cm in diameter) porous structure reached 1.504 g s⁻¹, and water was transported 16 cm after 100 seconds. Using multilayer graphene oxide as the photothermal conversion material, the evaporators with different heights can work for more than 9 hours under the condition of 1 sun illumination and 23 wt% brine without any salt crystallization, and the evaporation rates range from 3.28 to 4.51 kg m⁻² h⁻¹, with the highest energy utilization efficiency of about 80%. When used in heavy metal treatment, the rejection was greater than 99.99%. This research provides a simple but innovative design idea for evaporators and is expected to further expand the application of solar interfacial evaporation.

Traditional Portland cement is widely used in the preparation of various hydraulic concrete. However, the high alkalinity produced by cement hydration threatens the survival of aquatic animals and plants. In this paper, a new eco-friendly, ultra-low alkalinity, cementitious material was prepared with industrial waste phosphogypsum, granulated ground blast slag (GGBS) and sulphoaluminate cement. When appropriate proportions are used, the pH value of the test blocks’ pore solutions at different ages were all less than 9, showing the remarkable characteristic of ultra-low alkalinity. The XRD and SEM analyses showed that the 56 d hydration products were mainly ettringite and hydrated calcium silicate, and the content of Ca(OH)₂ was not detected. The new cementitious material also has the advantages of short setting time, low heat of hydration, high strength of cement mortar and the ability to fix harmful substances in phosphogypsum, such as phosphate, fluoride and Cr and Ba elements. It has a broad application prospect in the construction of island and reef construction, river restoration and so on.