Against the background of “carbon neutrality” and sustainable development goals, it is of great significance to assess the carbon storage changes and sustainability of terrestrial ecosystems in order to maintain the coordinated sustainable development of regional ecological economies and the balance of terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, the terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage in Guizhou from 2010 to 2020 was assessed with the InVEST model. Using the PLUS model, the distribution of terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage by 2030 and 2050 was predicted. The current sustainable development level of the terrestrial ecosystem of Guizhou was evaluated after establishing an index system based on SDGs. The results showed the following: (1) From 2010 to 2020, the terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage decreased by 1106.68 × 10⁴ Mg. The area and carbon storage of the forest and farmland ecosystems decreased while the area and carbon storage of the grassland and settlement ecosystems increased. (2) Compared with 2020, the terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage will be reduced by 4091.43 × 10⁴ Mg by 2030. Compared with 2030, the terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage will continue to decrease by 3833.25 × 10⁴ Mg by 2050. (3) In 2020, the average score of the sustainable development of the terrestrial ecosystem was 0.4300. Zunyi City had the highest sustainable development score of 0.6255, and Anshun had the lowest sustainable development score of 0.3236. Overall, the sustainable development of the terrestrial ecosystem of Guizhou was found to be high in the north, low in the south, high in the east, and low in the west. The sustainable regional development of the terrestrial ecosystem of Guizhou was found to be unbalanced, and the carbon storage of the terrestrial ecosystem will keep decreasing in the future. In order to improve the sustainable development capacity of the terrestrial ecosystem, the government needs to take certain measures, such as returning farmland to forests and grasslands, curbing soil erosion, and actively supervising.

The purpose of this article is through the human geography and planning in urban and rural areas of Guangzhou university for example to explore the discipline of personnel training and curriculum reform, So this article has certain reference and guidance. This article firstly analyzes foreign urban planning discipline development and changes, then according to China's national conditions, expounds the National Ministry of Education in September 2012, the resource environment and urban and rural planning management professional cancelled, adjusted for two new professional natural geography and resources environment and human geography and planning in urban and rural areas. Secondly human geography and planning in urban and rural areas in Guangzhou university curriculum system as an example to explore its advantages and disadvantages. Finally summed up the human geography and planning in urban and rural areas of Guangzhou university how to use a flexible mechanism, the vivid teaching method, based on the advantage of the platform of the Guangzhou international metropolis to form their own professional brand characteristics.