Heavy metal pollution in soil is a significant challenge around the world, particularly cadmium (Cd) contamination. In situ phytoextraction and remediation technology, particularly focusing on Cd hyperaccumulator plants, has proven to be an effective method for cleaning Cd-contaminated agricultural lands. However, this strategy is often hindered by a long remediation cycle and low efficiency. To address these limitations, assisted phytoextraction has been proposed as a remediation strategy based on the modification of certain traits of plants or the use of different materials to enhance plant growth and increase metal absorption or bioavailability, ultimately aiming to improve the remediation efficiency of Cd hyperaccumulators. To thoroughly understand the progress of Cd hyperaccumulators in remediating Cd-polluted soils, this review article discusses the germplasm resources and assisted phytoextraction strategies for these plants, including microbial, agronomic measure, chelate, nanotechnology, and CO₂-assisted phytoextraction, as well as integrated approaches. This review paper critically evaluates and analyzes the numerous approaches and the remediation potential of Cd hyperaccumulators and highlights current challenges and future research directions in this field. The goal is to provide a theoretical framework for the further development and application of Cd pollution remediation technologies in agricultural soils.

Species from the flowering plant genus Cyclamen are popular amongst consumers. In particular Cyclamen persicum Mill. has been significantly used commercially, and certain small flowering species such as Cyclamen hederifolium and Cyclamen coum are gradually growing in popularity in the potted flower market. Here, the chloroplast genomes of nine Cyclamen samples including four Cyclamen species and five varieties of C. hederifolium were sequenced for genome structure comparison, White green septal striped leaves related gene screening and DNA molecular markers were developed for phylogenetic analysis. In comparing Cyclamen species’ chloroplast genomes, gene content and gene order were found to be highly similar with the length of genomes ranging from 151,626 to 153,058 bp. The chloroplast genome of Cyclamen has 128 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 36 transfer RNA genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. Based on intraspecific variation, seven hotspots, including three genes and four intergenic regions, were identified as variable markers for downstream species delimitation and interspecific relationship analyses. Moreover, a phylogenetic tree constructed with complete chloroplast genomes, revealed that Cyclamen are monophyletic with Lysimachia as the closest neighbor. Phylogenetic analyses of the 14 Cyclamen species with the seven variable regions showed five distinct clades within this genus. The highly supported topologies showed these seven regions may be used as candidate DNA barcode sequences to distinguish Cyclamen species. White green septal striped leaves is common in C. hederifolium, however the molecular mechanism of this has not yet been described. Here, we find that the intergenic region rps4-trnT-UGU seems related to white green septal striped leaves.

The plant-specific transcription factor TEOSINTE BRANCHED, CYCLOIDEA, AND PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) gene family plays vital roles in various biological processes, including growth and development, hormone signaling, and stress responses. However, there is a limited amount of information regarding the TCP gene family in roses (Rosa sp.). In this study, we identified 18 TCP genes in the rose genome, which were further classified into two subgroups (Group A and Group B) via phylogenetic analysis. Comprehensive characterization of these TCP genes was performed, including gene structure, motif composition, chromosomal location, and expression profiles. Synteny analysis revealed that a few TCP genes are involved in segmental duplication events, indicating that these genes played an important role in the expansion of the TCP gene family in roses. This suggests that segmental duplication events have caused the evolution of the TCP gene family and may have generated new functions. Our study provides an insight into the evolutionary and functional characteristics of the TCP gene family in roses and lays a foundation for the future exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of TCP genes in plant growth and development.

Background: Curcuma alismatifolia is an ornamental cultivar with several varieties introduced into China from Thailand within the past fifteen years. Curcuma alismatifolia is widely used as cut flowers and potted flowers and is also used in flower beds. Questions and/or Hypotheses: However, limited genetic and genomic information is available for this species, which has impeded studies on the enhancement of its ornamental value and stress resistance. Studied species Curcuma alismatifolia Study site and dates: Zhejiang, 2018 Methods: single-cell sequencing technology of PCR and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Results: (A/T)n accounted for 43.6 % of the SSRs, the maximum proportion, and mononucleotide and trinucleotide repeats were the two most abundant repeat types. A total of 3,637 primer pairs flanking SSR sequences were successfully designed, and 70 sets of primers were randomly selected for validation in 10 varieties. Forty-one (59 %) of the 70 primer pairs successfully amplified alleles, of which 35 were identified as polymorphic markers and used to assess the level of genetic diversity and genetic relationships among the 10 varieties. The genetic diversity analysis showed that the number of alleles (Na) at each locus ranged from 2 to 8, with an average of 3.97, and that PIC had a mean of 0.524 and ranged from 0.095 to 0.795. Conclusions: The genetic distance between 10 varieties varied from 0.30 to 0.96, and the dendrogram clustered all varieties into three groups.

Bryophytes are a highly diverse group containing more than 12,800 species. Haplocladium microphyllum is in a large moss belonging to the family Thuidiaceae. We report the complete chloroplast (124,478 bp) genome sequence of H. microphyllum, it includes a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs, 9727 bp), one large single-copy (LSC, 86,528 bp) region, and one small single-copy (SSC, 18,496 bp) region. Besides, the complete chloroplast genome contains 134 genes in total, including 88 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that H. microphyllum has the closest relationship with Sanionia uncinata in Amblystegiaceae. Our study lays a foundation for further research like speciation of this species and the phylogeny of the Thuidiaceae family.

As an endemic species and the only Helleborus species in China, Helleborus thibetanus is highly valued in medicinal and ornamental applications, and basic research is needed for its further resource conservation and utilization. Considering the interesting disjunct distribution of the genus Helleborus, we focus on the distribution pattern of H. thibetanus in this research. Based on species distribution models using three different algorithms (MaxEnt, RF, and FDA), we constructed a robust ensemble model and predicted potential distributions under different scenarios: current situation, paleo periods since the Last Glacial Maximum, and simulations of climate change in the 2070s. The habitat suitability of H. thibetanus across geography and scenarios was further analyzed by calculating regional areas and centroids. The results showed that H. thibetanus is currently distributed in southern Shaanxi and northern Sichuan, while central and southern Sichuan used to be suitable 14 thousand years ago but gradually became unsuitable, which may reflect the population decrease in Sichuan and the population expansion in Shaanxi over the last 14 thousand years. Our results showed that current populations are under limited extinction pressure in the soft climate change scenario (ssp126), but most populations in Shaanxi are under extinction pressure in the hardy situation scenario (ssp585). Fortunately, northern Sichuan is predicted to be relatively stable under climate change (both ssp126 and ssp585), and regions in western Sichuan and eastern Qinghai are predicted to become newly suitable for H. thibetanus. These findings should be helpful for the further conservation and utilization of H. thibetanus and also help us understand the history of the conjunct distribution pattern of the Helleborus genus.