Heavy metal pollution in soil is a significant challenge around the world, particularly cadmium (Cd) contamination. In situ phytoextraction and remediation technology, particularly focusing on Cd hyperaccumulator plants, has proven to be an effective method for cleaning Cd-contaminated agricultural lands. However, this strategy is often hindered by a long remediation cycle and low efficiency. To address these limitations, assisted phytoextraction has been proposed as a remediation strategy based on the modification of certain traits of plants or the use of different materials to enhance plant growth and increase metal absorption or bioavailability, ultimately aiming to improve the remediation efficiency of Cd hyperaccumulators. To thoroughly understand the progress of Cd hyperaccumulators in remediating Cd-polluted soils, this review article discusses the germplasm resources and assisted phytoextraction strategies for these plants, including microbial, agronomic measure, chelate, nanotechnology, and CO₂-assisted phytoextraction, as well as integrated approaches. This review paper critically evaluates and analyzes the numerous approaches and the remediation potential of Cd hyperaccumulators and highlights current challenges and future research directions in this field. The goal is to provide a theoretical framework for the further development and application of Cd pollution remediation technologies in agricultural soils.

The plant-specific transcription factor TEOSINTE BRANCHED, CYCLOIDEA, AND PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) gene family plays vital roles in various biological processes, including growth and development, hormone signaling, and stress responses. However, there is a limited amount of information regarding the TCP gene family in roses (Rosa sp.). In this study, we identified 18 TCP genes in the rose genome, which were further classified into two subgroups (Group A and Group B) via phylogenetic analysis. Comprehensive characterization of these TCP genes was performed, including gene structure, motif composition, chromosomal location, and expression profiles. Synteny analysis revealed that a few TCP genes are involved in segmental duplication events, indicating that these genes played an important role in the expansion of the TCP gene family in roses. This suggests that segmental duplication events have caused the evolution of the TCP gene family and may have generated new functions. Our study provides an insight into the evolutionary and functional characteristics of the TCP gene family in roses and lays a foundation for the future exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of TCP genes in plant growth and development.

Temporal comparisons drawn from aggregated occurrence databases assume that the records compared were produced by a comparable community of collectors. We tested that assumption using 297 voucher-backed records of Lycoris radiata, L. aurea, and L. chinensis retrieved from the Chinese Virtual Herbarium, comparing 2010–2015 with 2016–2020. Recorded habitat composition changed; Forest/Woodland fell from 44.9% to 22.3% of coded records and Urban/Residential rose from 8.9% to 20.4% (χ² = 20.308, df = 6, p = 0.002; permutation p = 0.002; Cramér’s V = 0.279). The contributing institutions and provinces, however, also fluctuated significantly (institution V = 0.550; province V = 0.380; both p < 0.001), and both were themselves strongly associated with recorded habitat. Stratification separated the two components: the Forest/Woodland decline persisted (Mantel–Haenszel χ² = 8.574, p = 0.003 by province; χ² = 6.250, p = 0.012 by institution), whereas the Grassland change did not (p = 0.871; p = 0.409). Record totals fell from 189 to 108, which we attribute to digitization lag rather than population change. Before interpreting temporal differences in aggregated occurrence data, researchers should examine changes in contributor composition and use stratified analyses to assess potential confounding.