The distributed energy system is used as the prototype of the energy Internet, including a variety of forms of energy networks, plenty of distributed equipment and energy storage equipment composed of energy flow, and real-time communication and data volume of information systems. As an important energy system that is closely related to people's lives, its security and stability is one of the cores of its development. With the access of a large number of distributed devices, the structure of the power system has changed greatly. The addition of various forms of energy network, distributed equipment, and energy storage equipment has made it more difficult for the energy Internet to achieve the coordination among and control over these devices. Regardless of the fluctuation of the power load and the sudden change of the thermal load, problems such as energy network failure and demand will affect the security and stability of the energy Internet. Traditional energy systems are independent of one another, while integrated energy systems include subsystems, such as the power system, thermal system, and natural gas system, which can complement one another in planning and operation. To improve the utilization rate of all kinds of energy, reduce the waste of energy, and cut the emission of pollutants, it is crucial to realize the economic utilization of energy as well as the safe and stable operation of the energy Internet.

Aryl sulfonyl chlorides and sodium aryl sulfinates are proved to be powerful arylating agents for the C–C bonds formation through desulfitative cross-coupling reactions. These versatile compounds have also been widely utilized as aryl sulfonyl sources in the synthesis of aromatic sulfones. As evidenced in the literature, aryl sulfonyl chlorides and sodium aryl sulfinates are also promising sulfenylation agents for the efficient and practical construction of synthetically and medicinally important aryl thioethers (through the cleavage of their sulfur–oxygen and sulfur–chloride/oxygen-sodium bonds). In this focus review, we have summarized recent progress and developments in the direct sulfenylation of C–H bonds utilized the titled compounds with special emphasis on the mechanistic aspects of the reactions.

With the reform of China’s urbanization increasing in popularity, the security issues posed by urban groundwater, especially groundwater in industrial areas, have attracted scholars’ attention. This research aimed to predict and quantify the migration process of contaminants in a microconfined aquifer by conducting a groundwater contamination investigation in an abandoned chemical plant in the Jiangsu Province of China. First, data such as regional hydrogeological parameters and types of contaminants were obtained via hydrogeological drilling, groundwater well monitoring, pumping tests, and laboratory permeability tests, which helped identify the most serious pollution factor: chloroform. Then, a groundwater flow model was built using the Groundwater Modeling System (GMS) and verified using the general-purpose parameter estimation (PEST) package. In addition, based on the three-dimensional multi-species model for transport (MT3DMS) in GMS, a transport model was established. The results illustrate that the plume range of chloroform diffuses with water flow, but, because of its slow diffusion rate and inability to degrade naturally, the concentration of the contaminant has remained several times higher than the safety standard for a long time. The contaminant spread vertically to the soil layer above the microconfined aquifer under pressure, resulting in direct pollution. In addition, the contaminant in the microconfined aquifer is anticipated to migrate down to the clay layer and become enriched. However, the first confined aquifer has not been seriously polluted in the past 20 years. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the parameters shows that groundwater contamination in the Yangtze delta region is greatly affected by precipitation recharge and hydraulic conductivity.