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Infrared thermography is a growing technology in the engineering geological field both for the remote survey of rock masses and as a laboratory tool for the non-destructive characterization of intact rock. In this latter case, its utility can be found either from a qualitative point of view, highlighting thermal contrasts on the rock surface, or from a quantitative point of view, involving the study of the surface temperature variations. Since the surface temperature of an object is proportional to its emissivity, the knowledge of this last value is crucial for the correct calibration of the instrument and for the achievement of reliable thermal outcomes. Although rock emissivity can be measured according to specific procedures, there is not always the time or possibility to carry out such measurements. Therefore, referring to reliable literature values is useful. In this frame, this paper aims at providing reference emissivity values belonging to 15 rock types among sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic categories, which underwent laboratory emissivity estimation by employing a high-sensitivity thermal camera. The results show that rocks can be defined as “emitters”, with emissivity generally ranging from 0.89 to 0.99. Such variability arises from both their intrinsic properties, such as the presence of pores and the different thermal behavior of minerals, and the surface conditions, such as polishing treatments for ornamental stones. The resulting emissivity values are reported and commented on herein for each different studied lithology, thus providing not only a reference dataset for practical use, but also laying the foundation for further scientific studies, also aimed at widening the rock aspects to investigate through IRT.
Simone Mineo; Giovanna Pappalardo. Rock Emissivity Measurement for Infrared Thermography Engineering Geological Applications. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3773 .
AMA StyleSimone Mineo, Giovanna Pappalardo. Rock Emissivity Measurement for Infrared Thermography Engineering Geological Applications. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (9):3773.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimone Mineo; Giovanna Pappalardo. 2021. "Rock Emissivity Measurement for Infrared Thermography Engineering Geological Applications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9: 3773.
In this study, we present a preliminary recognition of geohazards at the natural reserve archipelago “Lachea Islet and Cyclop Rocks” by integrating infrared thermography (IRT) and morphological-aerial interpretation. The study area, located in the wider setting of the UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage Mount Etna (eastern Sicily), is a worldwide renowned tourist destination suffering from a limited fruition due to the instability of rock masses. The peculiar setting of the area, represented by steep sea rocks and an islet, requires the employment of remote surveying methodologies for the preliminary slope characterization in the perspective of safe ground surveys. In this paper, IRT analysis allowed the recognition of signs of past rockfalls, as well as the presence of loose rock material likely laying in unstable conditions, thanks to the variation of the surface temperature characterizing the slope. The combination of IRT outcomes with morphological-aerial data allowed recognizing the potential source areas of future rockfalls, which were modeled through trajectory simulations. Results showed that a relevant strip of sea surrounding the studied sea rock could be crossed by falling blocks, suggesting the need of instituting a forbidden area for a safe fruition of the reserve. Furthermore, IRT allowed for the recognition of some peculiar features linked to the presence of tectonic lines. Such correspondence was validated by a comparison with literature structural data, proving the potential of such remote methodological approach. This represents a new aspect of the application of IRT to other fields of geosciences, thus representing a starting point for the scientific development of new technological branches.
Giovanna Pappalardo; Simone Mineo; Serafina Carbone; Carmelo Monaco; Domenico Catalano; Giovanni Signorello. Preliminary Recognition of Geohazards at the Natural Reserve “Lachea Islet and Cyclop Rocks” (Southern Italy). Sustainability 2021, 13, 1082 .
AMA StyleGiovanna Pappalardo, Simone Mineo, Serafina Carbone, Carmelo Monaco, Domenico Catalano, Giovanni Signorello. Preliminary Recognition of Geohazards at the Natural Reserve “Lachea Islet and Cyclop Rocks” (Southern Italy). Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1082.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanna Pappalardo; Simone Mineo; Serafina Carbone; Carmelo Monaco; Domenico Catalano; Giovanni Signorello. 2021. "Preliminary Recognition of Geohazards at the Natural Reserve “Lachea Islet and Cyclop Rocks” (Southern Italy)." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1082.
In mountainous areas around the world, dealing with rockfalls means facing some technical survey difficulties due to the low accessibility of areas and the height of slopes. If a cultural heritage is also threatened by such mass movement, the need of specific survey solutions, even in a combined asset, is required. This paper deals with the integration of ground and UAV rock mass surveys aimed at defining the rockfall attitude of an unstable rock cliff sector hosting an example of cultural heritage in tourist area of southern Italy, whose fruition has already been threatened by the occurrence of rockfalls. As an example of the defensive architecture of XII and XIII centuries, the Saracen Castle in Taormina is reached by hundreds of visitors each year, but its access path and the surrounding area are threatened by the unstable condition of the cliff, hosting unstable rock volumes on kinematically critical planes. In order to achieve a reliable geostructural setting of the cliff, aiming at its possible securing through proper mitigation works, ground rock mass surveys could not provide enough information due to the bad accessibility of the rock faces. Therefore, a survey by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, with a reliable verified accuracy, was carried out to map the discontinuity planes especially occurring at the highest portions of the cliff, achieving geostructural data of different fronts of the cliff. Ground and aerial data were combined and statistically analyzed to define the main kinematic failure patterns. In this perspective, a critical comparison between the two employed surveying methodologies is proposed herein, highlighting that both approaches are affected by potential and limitations and that the integration of the mutual dataset represents a suitable solution for a complete rock mass characterization in this type of areas. Furthermore, rockfall simulations allowed ascertaining that potential falling blocks would cross the access path to the castle, thus representing a natural threat to the fruition of cultural heritage, thus proving the need of mitigation measures to ensure the safe fruition of the cultural heritage.
Simone Mineo; Giovanna Pappalardo; Salvatore Onorato. Geomechanical Characterization of a Rock Cliff Hosting a Cultural Heritage through Ground and UAV Rock Mass Surveys for Its Sustainable Fruition. Sustainability 2021, 13, 924 .
AMA StyleSimone Mineo, Giovanna Pappalardo, Salvatore Onorato. Geomechanical Characterization of a Rock Cliff Hosting a Cultural Heritage through Ground and UAV Rock Mass Surveys for Its Sustainable Fruition. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):924.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimone Mineo; Giovanna Pappalardo; Salvatore Onorato. 2021. "Geomechanical Characterization of a Rock Cliff Hosting a Cultural Heritage through Ground and UAV Rock Mass Surveys for Its Sustainable Fruition." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 924.
This paper deals with the evaluation of rockfall risk in cultural heritage, in the frame of a quick protocol for a preliminary zonation, to ensure the safe management and sustainable fruition of the sites. Several historical complexes in mountainous areas are indeed threatened by rock slope instability, and rockfalls can be counted among the main causes of fatality. In such a complex, a rockfall risk zonation would represent a useful management tool for both the choice of specific safe tourist paths, but also for the proper employment of economic resources allocated for mitigation measures. Nevertheless, the management of cultural heritage lacks such plans and tourists are often exposed to risks, while funds are often employed without a specific priority. In this paper, a quick procedure was tested at the historical complex of Taormina (southern Italy), which hosts numerous tourist spots often affected by rockfalls. The Saracen castle, for example, is currently closed to the public due to the rockfalls that repeatedly affected the entrance road, while Castelmola village, counted among one of the most beautiful Italian villages, stands on the top of a cliff affected by frequent rockfalls involving the only access road. The approach is composed of several steps and requires a heavy site characterization in terms of historical records and geostructural setting. The risk assessment procedure was chosen among the semiquantitative ones available in literature, and the final assessed risk was represented on a thematic map to provide a tool which could be used as a base for the planning of final remedial works.
Simone Mineo; Giovanna Pappalardo. Sustainable Fruition of Cultural Heritage in Areas Affected by Rockfalls. Sustainability 2019, 12, 296 .
AMA StyleSimone Mineo, Giovanna Pappalardo. Sustainable Fruition of Cultural Heritage in Areas Affected by Rockfalls. Sustainability. 2019; 12 (1):296.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimone Mineo; Giovanna Pappalardo. 2019. "Sustainable Fruition of Cultural Heritage in Areas Affected by Rockfalls." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 296.
This paper aims at reporting on the most recent outcomes of an innovative potential laboratory test (IRTest), which allows the indirect estimation of porosity of intact rock specimens through InfraRed Thermography. Starting from the positive preliminary available literature data, proving the existence of a relation between the cooling of previously heated rocks and their porosity, in this paper five different rock types, with a variable porosity grade (ranging from 40%), were tested according to an innovative procedure. After an initial heating phase, their cooling was monitored through InfraRed Thermography and the Cooling Rate Index (CRI) was calculated to describe their attitude during the heat dissipation. Such index proved well correlated to the porosity of tested specimens, which was preliminary calculated according to international standards. Achieved outcomes demonstrate that the cooling trend of rocks within the first 10 min of test (CRI10) represents a reliable index for the indirect quantification of such important physical parameter, thus proposing a wide range of ideas for further scientific researches aiming at implementing and validating the scientific casuistry on this new topic.
S. Mineo; G. Pappalardo. InfraRed Thermography presented as an innovative and non-destructive solution to quantify rock porosity in laboratory. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 2019, 115, 99 -110.
AMA StyleS. Mineo, G. Pappalardo. InfraRed Thermography presented as an innovative and non-destructive solution to quantify rock porosity in laboratory. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2019; 115 ():99-110.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Mineo; G. Pappalardo. 2019. "InfraRed Thermography presented as an innovative and non-destructive solution to quantify rock porosity in laboratory." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 115, no. : 99-110.
InfraRed Thermography (IRT) is presented herein as a support methodology during the rock mass survey. Although this technique is widely used in several scientific fields, its direct application for such purposes is still pioneering. In this review paper, the outcomes of the most recent researches on the application of IRT to the rock mechanics are reported and commented, with particular reference to the study of thermograms and to the development of a Cooling Rate Index (CRI), useful for the evaluation of the jointing condition of the rock. Three application cases are commented to demonstrate the reliability of such methodology in the geomechanics, taking into account both bare-jointed rock masses and highly weathered rock slopes. Achieved results lay the foundation for future researches aiming at a refined and improved survey methodology, which would be a useful support in the geomechanical analysis of heavily fractured rock masses.
Giovanna Pappalardo; Simone Mineo. Study of Jointed and Weathered Rock Slopes Through the Innovative Approach of InfraRed Thermography. Landslides in Sensitive Clays 2018, 85 -103.
AMA StyleGiovanna Pappalardo, Simone Mineo. Study of Jointed and Weathered Rock Slopes Through the Innovative Approach of InfraRed Thermography. Landslides in Sensitive Clays. 2018; ():85-103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanna Pappalardo; Simone Mineo. 2018. "Study of Jointed and Weathered Rock Slopes Through the Innovative Approach of InfraRed Thermography." Landslides in Sensitive Clays , no. : 85-103.
A rockfall analysis at one of the most relevant cultural heritage sites of northeastern Sicily (Italy) is presented herein with the aim of assessing the hazard arising from the unstable conditions of the rock cliff of Taormina city, upon which the Saracen Castle is perched on its top. Several rockfalls affected this area in the latest years, representing a serious threat for the safety of inhabitants and tourists. Therefore, the qualitative Evolving Rockfall Hazard Assessment (ERHA) was applied for the hazard zonation, supported by rock mass surveys and Terrestrial Laser Scanner prospecting. Kinematic analysis revealed that the unstable rock failure patterns are represented by planar/wedge sliding and toppling, while simulation of potential rockfalls allowed studying the impact of future events in terms of trajectory and energy. This is higher at the foot of scarps and in steeper sectors, where the application of ERHA identified a critical zone close to the inhabited center, which is one of the main elements at risk, along with a pedestrian tourist path. Achieved results represent a starting point for the definition of risk management strategies and provide a scientific contribution to the study of hazard and risk arising from rockfall occurrence.
Simone Mineo; Giovanna Pappalardo; Michele Mangiameli; Santo Campolo; Giuseppe Mussumeci. Rockfall Analysis for Preliminary Hazard Assessment of the Cliff of Taormina Saracen Castle (Sicily). Sustainability 2018, 10, 417 .
AMA StyleSimone Mineo, Giovanna Pappalardo, Michele Mangiameli, Santo Campolo, Giuseppe Mussumeci. Rockfall Analysis for Preliminary Hazard Assessment of the Cliff of Taormina Saracen Castle (Sicily). Sustainability. 2018; 10 (2):417.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimone Mineo; Giovanna Pappalardo; Michele Mangiameli; Santo Campolo; Giuseppe Mussumeci. 2018. "Rockfall Analysis for Preliminary Hazard Assessment of the Cliff of Taormina Saracen Castle (Sicily)." Sustainability 10, no. 2: 417.
The analysis of a wide literature dataset of mechanical parameters related to intact rocks from more than 480 unconfined compression tests, coupled with new laboratory tests on 132 specimens, is proposed herein with the aim of analyzing the mechanical behavior of a great variety of rock types, mainly focusing on their crack initiation (σci) and crack damage (σcd) stress levels. These thresholds can be employed as warning indicators for rock mass damage and breakouts and represent important input parameters for numerical models. International literature lacks in a detailed analysis on the mutual dependence existing between the main mechanical properties of intact rocks and their crack stress thresholds. In this paper, the study of the correlation between crack initiation-crack damage stress levels and the failure strength of sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks is carried out through single and multiple regression approaches aimed at finding reliable prediction models, which can be useful when time-consuming laboratory experimental procedures need to be avoided. The correlation between predicted and measured values demonstrates that defined models represent a good tool for the empirical estimation of σci and σcd, and can be useful for preliminary engineering design dealing with stress-induced brittle fracturing, especially when the definition of warning indicators for rock mass damage and breakouts is needed. In fact, it is known that underground instability mainly depends on the redistribution of stresses around the excavation, which can produce induced stress concentrations, resulting in sudden release of stored energy and causing stress-induced brittle failure phenomena.
Giacomo Pepe; Simone Mineo; Giovanna Pappalardo; Andrea Cevasco. Relation between crack initiation-damage stress thresholds and failure strength of intact rock. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 2017, 77, 709 -724.
AMA StyleGiacomo Pepe, Simone Mineo, Giovanna Pappalardo, Andrea Cevasco. Relation between crack initiation-damage stress thresholds and failure strength of intact rock. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment. 2017; 77 (2):709-724.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiacomo Pepe; Simone Mineo; Giovanna Pappalardo; Andrea Cevasco. 2017. "Relation between crack initiation-damage stress thresholds and failure strength of intact rock." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 77, no. 2: 709-724.
An innovative methodological approach using infrared thermography (IRT) provides a potential contribution to the indirect assessment of hydraulic conductivity of jointed rock masses. This technique proved a suitable tool to evaluate the degree of fracturing of rock masses along with their discontinuity systems, which expedite water flow within the rock mass itself. First, based on the latest scientific outcomes on the application of IRT to the geomechanics of rock systems, rock mass surveys were carried out at different outcrops (dolostone, limestone and porphyroid) and hydraulic conductivity was empirically assessed through approaches well known in the international literature. Then, IRT campaigns were performed at each surveyed rock mass, with the purpose of evaluating the corresponding Cooling Rate Index, strictly linked to the cooling attitude of the rock. Such index was correlated with the assessed hydraulic conductivity and satisfactory regression equations were achieved. The interesting results show that hydraulic conductivity values are likely to be linked with the cooling behavior of rock masses, which, in turn, is affected by spacing, aperture and persistence of discontinuities. Une approche méthodologique innovante utilisant la thermographie infrarouge (TIR) fournit une contribution potentielle pour l’évaluation indirecte de la conductivité hydraulique des massifs rocheux à diaclases. Cette technique s’est. avérée être un outil approprié pour évaluer le degré de fracturation des massifs rocheux ainsi que leurs systèmes de discontinuités, qui accélèrent l’écoulement de l’eau au sein du massif rocheux lui-même. Tout d’abord, sur la base des derniers résultats scientifiques concernant l’application de la TIR à la géomécanique des systèmes rocheux, des études de massifs rocheux ont été réalisées pour différents affleurements (dolomie, calcaire et porphyroïde) et la conductivité hydraulique a été évaluée de manière empirique à partir d’approches bien connues dans la littérature internationale. Ensuite, des campagnes TIR ont été réalisées pour chaque massif rocheux étudié, dans le but d’évaluer l’indice de fréquence de refroidissement (IFR) correspondant, strictement lié à l’attitude de refroidissement de la roche. L’indice IFR a été corrélé avec la conductivité hydraulique et des équations de régression satisfaisantes ont été établies. Les résultats intéressants montrent que les valeurs de conductivité hydraulique sont susceptibles d’être liées au comportement de refroidissement des massifs rocheux, qui, à leur tour, est. affecté par l’espacement, l’ouverture et la persistance des discontinuités. Un enfoque metodológico innovador que utiliza la termografía infrarroja (IRT) proporciona una contribución potencial a la evaluación indirecta de la conductividad hidráulica de las masas rocosas fracturadas. Esta técnica demostró ser una herramienta adecuada para evaluar el grado de fracturación de las masas rocosas junto con sus sistemas de discontinuidad, los cuales aceleran el flujo de agua dentro de la propia masa rocosa. En primer lugar, a partir de los resultados científicos más recientes sobre la aplicación del IRT a la geomecánica de los sistemas rocosos, se realizaron levantamientos de masas rocosas en diferentes afloramientos (dolomías, calizas y porfiroides) y se evaluó la conductividad hidráulica empíricamente mediante enfoques bien conocidos en la literatura internacional. A continuación se realizaron campañas de IRT en cada masa de roca, con el objetivo de evaluar el correspondiente índice de velocidad de enfriamiento (CRI), estrictamente ligado a la actitud de enfriamiento de la roca. El índice CRI se correlacionó con la conductividad hidráulica evaluada y se obtuvieron ecuaciones de regresión satisfactorias. Los interesantes resultados muestran que es probable que los valores de conductividad hidráulica estén ligados al comportamiento de enfriamiento de las masas rocosas, lo que a su vez se ve afectado por el espaciamiento, la apertura y la persistencia de las discontinuidades. 采用红外热成像仪的创新方法为间接评价有节理的岩体水力传导率提供了潜在的贡献。这项技术证明是评估岩体断裂程度及其本身加快岩块内水流的不连续系统的一项合适工具。根据红外热成像仪应用到岩石系统地质力学的最新科研成果,通过国际文献中广为人知的方法在不同出露点(白云岩、石灰岩及残斑岩)开展了岩体调查,评价了水力传导率。然后,对每个调查的岩体进行了红外热成像操作,目的就是评估完全与岩石的冷却形态相连的对应冷却速率指数。对应冷却速率指数与评价的水力传导率进行了对比,获得了满意的回归方程。令人关注的结果显示,水力传导率值可能与岩体的冷却方式相关,而岩体反过来受到间距、缝隙和不连续持久性的影响。 Uma abordagem metodológica inovadora que utiliza a termografia por infravermelho (TIV) fornece uma contribuição potencial para a avaliação indireta da condutividade hidráulica dos maciços rochosos articulados. Esta técnica provou ser uma ferramenta adequada para avaliar o grau de fraturamento em maciços rochosos junto com seus sistemas de descontinuidade, que aceleram o fluxo de água dentro da própria massa de rocha. Em primeiro lugar, com base nos resultados científicos mais recentes sobre a aplicação da TIV à geomecânica dos sistemas de rocha, levantamentos de massa de rocha foram realizados em diferentes afloramentos (dolomito, calcário e porfiróide) e a condutividade hidráulica foi empiricamente avaliada por abordagens bem conhecidas na literatura internacional. Em seguida, as campanhas TIV foram realizadas em cada massa de rocha pesquisada, com o objetivo de avaliar o índice de taxa de resfriamento (ITR) correspondente, estritamente vinculado à atitude de resfriamento da rocha. O índice ITR foi correlacionado com a condutividade hidráulica avaliada e foram obtidas equações de regressão satisfatórias. Os resultados interessantes mostram que os valores da condutividade hidráulica provavelmente estarão ligados ao comportamento de resfriamento dos maciços rochosos, que por sua vez é afetado pelo espaçamento, abertura e persistência de descontinuidades.
Giovanna Pappalardo. First results of infrared thermography applied to the evaluation of hydraulic conductivity in rock masses. Hydrogeology Journal 2017, 26, 417 -428.
AMA StyleGiovanna Pappalardo. First results of infrared thermography applied to the evaluation of hydraulic conductivity in rock masses. Hydrogeology Journal. 2017; 26 (2):417-428.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanna Pappalardo. 2017. "First results of infrared thermography applied to the evaluation of hydraulic conductivity in rock masses." Hydrogeology Journal 26, no. 2: 417-428.
A quantitative risk analysis has been performed in a tourist area of Sicily (Italy) with the aim of assessing the rockfall risk along an important transportation corridor, crossing a geologically complex area and poor rock masses. The procedure followed herein is based on an event tree analysis, which was properly customized to take into account the peculiarity of the area and of the road path. Rock mass surveys, trajectory simulations and probabilistic models are proposed with the aim of calculating the probability related to possible scenarios in case of rockfalls. Achieved outcomes demonstrate that such procedure, resulting from a multifaceted study, is a reliable tool, which can be taken as reference to calibrate further risk models in comparable contexts of the world, where rockfall threaten communication routes. This would represent a helpful instrument to the scientific community and to local authorities dealing with one of the most troublesome natural phenomena affecting the public safety.
Simone Mineo; G. Pappalardo; A. D’Urso; D. Calcaterra. Event tree analysis for rockfall risk assessment along a strategic mountainous transportation route. Environmental Earth Sciences 2017, 76, 620 .
AMA StyleSimone Mineo, G. Pappalardo, A. D’Urso, D. Calcaterra. Event tree analysis for rockfall risk assessment along a strategic mountainous transportation route. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2017; 76 (17):620.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimone Mineo; G. Pappalardo; A. D’Urso; D. Calcaterra. 2017. "Event tree analysis for rockfall risk assessment along a strategic mountainous transportation route." Environmental Earth Sciences 76, no. 17: 620.
Giovanna Pappalardo; R. Punturo; Simone Mineo; Loredana Contrafatto. The role of porosity on the engineering geological properties of 1669 lavas from Mount Etna. Engineering Geology 2017, 221, 16 -28.
AMA StyleGiovanna Pappalardo, R. Punturo, Simone Mineo, Loredana Contrafatto. The role of porosity on the engineering geological properties of 1669 lavas from Mount Etna. Engineering Geology. 2017; 221 ():16-28.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanna Pappalardo; R. Punturo; Simone Mineo; Loredana Contrafatto. 2017. "The role of porosity on the engineering geological properties of 1669 lavas from Mount Etna." Engineering Geology 221, no. : 16-28.
Giovanna Pappalardo; Simone Mineo. Investigation on the mechanical attitude of basaltic rocks from Mount Etna through InfraRed Thermography and laboratory tests. Construction and Building Materials 2017, 134, 228 -235.
AMA StyleGiovanna Pappalardo, Simone Mineo. Investigation on the mechanical attitude of basaltic rocks from Mount Etna through InfraRed Thermography and laboratory tests. Construction and Building Materials. 2017; 134 ():228-235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanna Pappalardo; Simone Mineo. 2017. "Investigation on the mechanical attitude of basaltic rocks from Mount Etna through InfraRed Thermography and laboratory tests." Construction and Building Materials 134, no. : 228-235.
Simone Mineo; Giovanna Pappalardo. Preliminary results on the estimation of porosity in intact rock through InfraRed Thermography. Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana 2016, 41, 317 -320.
AMA StyleSimone Mineo, Giovanna Pappalardo. Preliminary results on the estimation of porosity in intact rock through InfraRed Thermography. Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana. 2016; 41 ():317-320.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimone Mineo; Giovanna Pappalardo. 2016. "Preliminary results on the estimation of porosity in intact rock through InfraRed Thermography." Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana 41, no. : 317-320.
Giovanna Pappalardo; Simone Mineo. Microstructural controls on physical and mechanical properties of dolomite rocks. Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana 2016, 41, 321 -324.
AMA StyleGiovanna Pappalardo, Simone Mineo. Microstructural controls on physical and mechanical properties of dolomite rocks. Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana. 2016; 41 ():321-324.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanna Pappalardo; Simone Mineo. 2016. "Microstructural controls on physical and mechanical properties of dolomite rocks." Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana 41, no. : 321-324.
Giovanna Pappalardo; Francesco Rapisarda. Hydrogeology and geochemistry of surface water and groundwater in the Site of Communitarian Importance of the endorheic Pergusa basin (Sicily). Italian Journal of Geosciences 2016, 135, 503 -511.
AMA StyleGiovanna Pappalardo, Francesco Rapisarda. Hydrogeology and geochemistry of surface water and groundwater in the Site of Communitarian Importance of the endorheic Pergusa basin (Sicily). Italian Journal of Geosciences. 2016; 135 (3):503-511.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanna Pappalardo; Francesco Rapisarda. 2016. "Hydrogeology and geochemistry of surface water and groundwater in the Site of Communitarian Importance of the endorheic Pergusa basin (Sicily)." Italian Journal of Geosciences 135, no. 3: 503-511.
A detailed laboratory characterization of limestones employed for the reconstruction of Saint Nicholas Cathedral, a UNESCO World Heritage monument in southeastern Sicily, is presented herein with the purpose of achieving a complete knowledge on the behavior of such rocks under stress, whose engineering geological aspect had not been investigated before for scientific purposes. Specimens were sampled at three sites, where this rock is quarried from two lithofacies of the same geological formation, and are similar to other limestone varieties quarried worldwide and employed as construction material. Although slight differences between the samples occur at a macroscopic scale, geotechnical tests highlighted relevant differences from the physical and mechanical points of view. In order to look for one or more factors responsible of such dissimilarities, a statistical analysis was carried out and interesting outcomes were achieved with the help of a microscopic analysis of the specimens. Moreover, attention was paid on the modes of failure of tested specimens under compression, whose attitude was described and correlated to selected properties of the rock. Results have both a practical implication, because of the employment of this rock type as engineering material worldwide, and a scientific relevance, due to the peculiar behavior that such rock offered under stress.
Giovanna Pappalardo; S. Mineo; C. Monaco. Geotechnical characterization of limestones employed for the reconstruction of a UNESCO world heritage Baroque monument in southeastern Sicily (Italy). Engineering Geology 2016, 212, 86 -97.
AMA StyleGiovanna Pappalardo, S. Mineo, C. Monaco. Geotechnical characterization of limestones employed for the reconstruction of a UNESCO world heritage Baroque monument in southeastern Sicily (Italy). Engineering Geology. 2016; 212 ():86-97.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanna Pappalardo; S. Mineo; C. Monaco. 2016. "Geotechnical characterization of limestones employed for the reconstruction of a UNESCO world heritage Baroque monument in southeastern Sicily (Italy)." Engineering Geology 212, no. : 86-97.
Giovanna Pappalardo; Sebastiano Imposa; Simone Mineo; Sabrina Grassi. Evaluation of the stability of a rock cliff by means of geophysical and geomechanical surveys in a cultural heritage site (south-eastern Sicily). Italian Journal of Geosciences 2016, 135, 308 -323.
AMA StyleGiovanna Pappalardo, Sebastiano Imposa, Simone Mineo, Sabrina Grassi. Evaluation of the stability of a rock cliff by means of geophysical and geomechanical surveys in a cultural heritage site (south-eastern Sicily). Italian Journal of Geosciences. 2016; 135 (2):308-323.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanna Pappalardo; Sebastiano Imposa; Simone Mineo; Sabrina Grassi. 2016. "Evaluation of the stability of a rock cliff by means of geophysical and geomechanical surveys in a cultural heritage site (south-eastern Sicily)." Italian Journal of Geosciences 135, no. 2: 308-323.
Preliminary results on a new test for the indirect assessment of porosity through infrared thermography are presented. The study of the cooling behavior of rock samples in laboratory, through the analysis of thermograms, proved an innovative tool for the estimation of such an important property, which is one of the main features affecting the mechanical behavior of rocks. A detailed experimentation was performed on artificially heated volcanic rock samples characterized by different porosity values. The cooling trend was described both graphically and numerically, with the help of cooling curves and Cooling Rate Index. The latter, which proved strictly linked to porosity, was employed to find reliable equations for its indirect estimation. Simple and multiple regression analyses returned satisfactory outcomes, highlighting the great match between predicted and measured porosity values, thus confirming the goodness of the proposed model. This study brings a novelty in rock mechanics, laying the foundation for future researches aimed at refining achieved results for the validation of the model in a larger scale.
Simone Mineo; G. Pappalardo. The Use of Infrared Thermography for Porosity Assessment of Intact Rock. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 2016, 49, 3027 -3039.
AMA StyleSimone Mineo, G. Pappalardo. The Use of Infrared Thermography for Porosity Assessment of Intact Rock. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 2016; 49 (8):3027-3039.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSimone Mineo; G. Pappalardo. 2016. "The Use of Infrared Thermography for Porosity Assessment of Intact Rock." Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 49, no. 8: 3027-3039.
InfraRed Thermography has been tested herein for the study of the fracturing condition of intensely jointed rock masses, in order to find out what kind of information can be assessed. Although this technique is widely used in several scientific fields, its direct application for rock mechanics purposes is still under development. In this paper, thermal imaging campaigns, carried out in different climatic conditions, are described. A Cooling Rate Index, related to how fractured rock masses behave during the heat transfer towards the external environment, is proposed. Such an index has been related to the degree of fracturing of the rock masses, in order to find a relationship among thermal behavior and the main quantitative fracturing indexes. Results return interesting matches between some geostructural features and thermal outputs, demonstrating the reliability of the application of such methodology to bare rock masses. Moreover, new experimental considerations are proposed, laying the foundations for future studies aimed to further validate the InfraRed Thermography as an effective remote survey technique.
Giovanna Pappalardo; S. Mineo; S. Perriello Zampelli; A. Cubito; D. Calcaterra. InfraRed Thermography proposed for the estimation of the Cooling Rate Index in the remote survey of rock masses. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 2016, 83, 182 -196.
AMA StyleGiovanna Pappalardo, S. Mineo, S. Perriello Zampelli, A. Cubito, D. Calcaterra. InfraRed Thermography proposed for the estimation of the Cooling Rate Index in the remote survey of rock masses. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2016; 83 ():182-196.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiovanna Pappalardo; S. Mineo; S. Perriello Zampelli; A. Cubito; D. Calcaterra. 2016. "InfraRed Thermography proposed for the estimation of the Cooling Rate Index in the remote survey of rock masses." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 83, no. : 182-196.
The main aim of this research is to highlight the effects of salts crystallization on physical and mechanical proprieties of natural building stones in consideration of petrographic and porosimetric features. In order to achieve the goals of this work, numerous standard tests have been performed on both fresh and weathered samples of a Sicilian calcarenite named Sabucina stone, widely used as building and replace stones in local Cultural Heritages. The obtained results allow to establish interesting correlation between the intensity of degradation processes and the studied parameters; in fact, a modification of the mechanical behavior has been observed in concomitance with a change in the degradation mechanism occurred in the pore network, highlighting the influence of microtextural and microstructural modifications due to the salt crystallization in the engineering properties of the studied rock
Germana Barone; Paolo Mazzoleni; Giovanna Pappalardo; S. Raneri. Microtextural and microstructural influence on the changes of physical and mechanical proprieties related to salts crystallization weathering in natural building stones. The example of Sabucina stone (Sicily). Construction and Building Materials 2015, 95, 355 -365.
AMA StyleGermana Barone, Paolo Mazzoleni, Giovanna Pappalardo, S. Raneri. Microtextural and microstructural influence on the changes of physical and mechanical proprieties related to salts crystallization weathering in natural building stones. The example of Sabucina stone (Sicily). Construction and Building Materials. 2015; 95 ():355-365.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGermana Barone; Paolo Mazzoleni; Giovanna Pappalardo; S. Raneri. 2015. "Microtextural and microstructural influence on the changes of physical and mechanical proprieties related to salts crystallization weathering in natural building stones. The example of Sabucina stone (Sicily)." Construction and Building Materials 95, no. : 355-365.