Far infrared radiation (FIR) is emitted by every body at a given temperature, including the human body. FIR ranging between 4–14 μm is considered useful for cell growth, and the human body emits a maximum of infrared (IR) radiation at the wavelength of approximately 9.3 µm. In the present study, fabrics based on five different raw textiles having the same yarn count as well as the same weaving patterns were designed and created. Some of them were subjected to a coating process. The fabrics to be tested were as follows: coated with TiO₂ nanoparticles, coated with SiO₂ nanoparticles, coated fabric that does not contain bioceramic nanoparticle (BNFC), and non-coated fabrics (NCF). The structural characterization of the resulting samples was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), abrasion tests, and air permeability. Following the structural characterization, the infrared emissivity properties were investigated using infrared thermography as well as attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in the 8–14 IR range. According to the experimental findings, the fabrics coated with TiO₂ and SiO₂ displayed increased infrared emissivity values compared to the uncoated ones. In addition, it was observed that the use of bioceramic powders had no effect on air permeability and abrasion properties.

Infrared radiation refers to electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength is longer than visible light, but shorter than terahertz and microwave radiation. Far infrared radiation (FIR) denotes radiation that is considered a kind of infrared radiation and includes wavelengths between 5.6-1000 micron. These rays are emitted by sun rays, human body, metals and some minerals. The positive effect of these rays on human health has already been mentioned and they are widely used especially in Far East countries in textile products and saunas. For the textile products to emit such rays, the fibres or fabrics are required to gain some features. For this purpose, bioseramic powder is applied to the fibres and hence the textile becomes able to emit far infrared rays. This study deals with yarns that have acquired the ability to emit far infrared rays and their usage areas in textile. This review examines bioceramic powders, black body, production of FIR emitting yarns, features of yarns, various usage areas and future trends by means of literature review method.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how the dynamic reactions of a flexible biogas digester composed of PVC coated on PET polyester fabric are affected by nanocoating retrofitting. In this study, the effects of seismic movements on a ZrO₂-coated and uncoated PVC-PET biogas digester were investigated. A semi-sphere biogas digester that was 2.5 m high was chosen for development with nanocoating. Frequency values and mode shapes were acquired by first creating a three-dimensional finite element model of the biogas digester and then performing modal analysis in SAP2000 software. Later, the ground motion data from the 1994 Northridge earthquake were used to do linear assessments of the methane digester. Dynamic evaluations were then performed after a 0.25 mm ZrO₂ nanocoating was installed onto the digester’s exterior. Finally, the dynamic behavior of the biogas digester, characterized by minimum and maximum von Mises stresses and corresponding displacements, was evaluated before and after the ZrO₂ coating. By the end of the study, the maximum von Mises stress had decreased from 60.47 kPa to 15.18 kPa, while the minimum von Mises stress at the digester bottom was reduced from 11.41 kPa to 4.47 kPa. Additionally, the displacements along the digester height, particularly the maximum values, were reduced from 0.057 mm to 0.013 mm. The reduction in frequency values demonstrated that ZrO₂ nanocoating improved the biogas digester’s rigidity. This study makes it clear that nanocoatings will have an impact on dynamic parameters and be highly beneficial for improving biogas digesters.

This review study investigates the functional applications of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) in textile products. TiO₂ is a widely used metal oxide compound in the textile industry due to its high thermal stability, photocatalytic activity, and low toxicity. The study particularly focuses on various application areas of TiO₂. One of these is flame-retardant finishing processes, where the incorporation of TiO₂ can reduce the flame propagation rate in textile materials, thereby improving fire resistance. Another significant application is in functional textiles that emit far-infrared (FIR) radiation. Through the addition of ceramic-based materials like TiO₂, textile surfaces can emit FIR waves, which are known to offer health benefits such as improved blood circulation. Additionally, TiO₂ nanoparticles act as strong ultraviolet (UV) filters, protecting fabrics against harmful UV radiation and providing a high level of UV protection. Moreover, the applications of TiO₂ in nanofiber production, photocatalytic treatment of textile wastewater, bleaching of textile fibers, and the development of self-cleaning surfaces are also examined. The photocatalytic properties of TiO₂ enable the decomposition of organic contaminants and dyes under light exposure, imparting self-cleaning capabilities to fabrics and contributing to the removal of dye pollutants from textile wastewater. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of these applications by compiling and synthesizing findings from previously published research through an extensive literature review.

Silk is a natural filament obtained from the Bombyx mori species of silkworm, with a fiber length of up to 3000 meters. During the Ottoman era in Edirne, sericulture and silk trade were important activities. To this end, silk factories, trade centers, and silk weaving schools were established, creating an important source of income for the people of Edirne. Edirne Red is a natural dye obtained from the Rubia Tinctorum L. plant and is part of the Ottoman Empire's heritage. This dye is resistant to sunlight and washing. It has been used in Turkish carpets, as well as in silk and cotton fabrics. The aim of this study is to bring together the importance of Edirne Red and silk in Edirne's history. For this purpose, 100% silk fabrics were dyed using madder (Rubia Tinctorum L.) grown within the borders of Edirne province. The effects of dye ratios and auxiliary chemicals used on color and colorfastness were examined during the dyeing process. The color values of the fabrics were measured numerically in the CIEL*a*b* color space, and the washing and light fastness values of the dyed fabrics were also measured. Additionally, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses were performed on both the used madder and the dyed fabric. Based on the obtained data, the closest Edirne Red color was achieved by pre-mordanting fabric before dyeing and using ethanol as the dye solvent. Madder dye, successfully applied to silk fabrics under different conditions, has shown good results in terms of color yield and fastness properties.