Background: The spatiotemporal profiling of molecular transmission clusters (MTCs) using viral genomic data can effectively identify transmission networks in order to inform public health actions targeting SARS-CoV-2 spread. Methods: We used whole genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences derived from ten European regions belonging to eight countries to perform phylogenetic and phylodynamic analysis. We developed dedicated bioinformatics pipelines to identify regional MTCs and to assess demographic factors potentially associated with their formation. Results: The total number and the scale of MTCs varied from small household clusters identified in all regions, to a super-spreading event found in Uusimaa-FI. Specific age groups were more likely to belong to MTCs in different regions. The clustered sequences referring to the age groups 50–100 years old (y.o.) were increased in all regions two weeks after the establishment of the lockdown, while those referring to the age group 0–19 y.o. decreased only in those regions where schools’ closure was combined with a lockdown. Conclusions: The spatiotemporal profiling of the SARS-CoV-2 MTCs can be a useful tool to monitor the effectiveness of the interventions and to reveal cryptic transmissions that have not been identified through contact tracing.

Background: Late HIV diagnosis (CD4⁺ T-cell count < 350 cells/μL, or with an AIDS-defining event) remains a persistent challenge in Greece, indicating potential missed opportunities (MOs) for earlier testing. Aim: To determine the frequency of HIV indicator conditions (ICs) preceding diagnosis and to quantify MOs for earlier testing at a nationwide level in Greece. Methods: This multicentre retrospective study analysed data on 823 antiretroviral therapy-naive adults (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with HIV during 2019–21. Medical records were reviewed to identify pre-diagnosis healthcare contacts (HCCs) and ICs justifying HIV testing. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with ≥ 1 MO. A Bayesian model estimated the time from seroconversion to diagnosis. Results: Among 517 participants with HCC data, 249 had ≥ 1 HCC. Of these, 59.0% (147/249) were late presenters. These cases had 365 HCCs, and 191 (52.3%) were MOs for testing. The most common ICs were sexually transmitted infections (39.8%; 76/191) and fever (11.0%; 21/191). Non-Greek origin was associated with lower odds of experiencing ≥ 1 MO (adjusted odds ratio: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.22─1.02), while higher education increased odds of MOs for early HIV diagnosis. Median time from seroconversion to diagnosis was 3.2 years for the full sample and 3.7 years for those with HCC, with about half of the latter reporting MOs post-estimated seroconversion. Recognising MOs would have potentially spared approximately 1 year of delay in diagnosis. Conclusion: MOs for earlier HIV diagnosis were prevalent in Greece. Leveraging IC-guided testing and addressing barriers could support earlier diagnosis and treatment, limiting adverse health outcomes and preventing transmission.

The evolving pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 has posed a substantial health risk worldwide. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the clinical course and the therapeutic management of patients with chronic kidney disease and COVID-19 infection. To date, most evidence has come from renal transplantation, with about 45 patients reported thus far, and the current data from the ERA-EDTA (ERACODA) registry for transplanted patients and patients on Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT); as for those with glomerular diseases, data are lacking. Herein, we report the case of a 62-year-old patient with severe membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis who had been receiving a high burden of immunosuppression until four months before the COVID-19 infection. He developed severe disease with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. After treatment with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, despite his low chances, he gradually recovered and survived. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the few reported patients with glomerulonephritis who had COVID-19 Besides our single case with glomerulonephritis early during the disease outbreak, the very low prevalence of COVID-19 infection in the country’s transplant recipients (0.038%) and dialysis patients (0.24%) reflects the impact of the rapid implementation of social distancing rules as well as of preventive measures for disease control in the hospitals and dialysis units in our country.

Objectives: Women who are migrants represent a substantial proportion of new and late HIV diagnoses in Europe, yet barriers to testing and care remain poorly understood. This feasibility study aimed to identify these women's needs, using a co‐produced, non‐governmental organization administered survey in three European countries. Methods: Women from migrant populations were invited to complete an anonymous survey in 2024–2025 regarding migration history, socio‐economic circumstances, healthcare access and use, HIV testing history among other issues. Co‐produced by ‘Women Against Viruses in Europe’ under European AIDS Clinical Society with non‐governmental organizations in Greece, Italy and Poland, the survey explored demographic, socio‐economic and health characteristics in nine languages. Statistical data analysis were descriptive. Results: Eighty‐seven women completed the survey; 51 in Greece, 13 in Italy and 23 in Poland. Respondents in Greece and Italy were predominantly from Sub‐Saharan Africa and had resided in country for more than 4 years; in Poland, most were from Ukraine and 44% had arrived within the previous 2 years. Despite high reported rates of free healthcare access and recent healthcare use, significant gaps in HIV testing were evident—43% of respondents in Greece had never been tested. Many had not been offered an HIV test during pregnancy before arrival. A third reported a history of violence or substance use. Many reported financial dependents but insufficient income despite high employment rates. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that reported access to free healthcare does not translate into equitable HIV testing or care for women who are migrants in Europe. Structural, financial and social vulnerabilities persist and must be addressed if late diagnosis is to be reduced.

Background: Doravirine (DOR) is a new-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, which has emerged as an option for people living with HIV (PLWH) owing to its favorable efficacy and safety profile, unique resistance pathway and limited potential for drug-drug interactions. Methods: This retrospective chart review study aimed to better understand DOR-based treatment use in Greece, PLWH characteristics, and drivers of treatment switch. Eligible individuals were adult PLWH who were switched to a DOR-based regimen based on the physician’s decision. Individuals exposed to DOR at any time prior to switching to the DOR-based regimen were excluded. Results: From 12 July 2023 to 31 October 2023, 110 PLWH were consecutively enrolled across 6 public hospital clinics. At baseline (closest prior to or on the date of first DOR prescription), the mean age of PLWH was 49.3 years, 90.9% were males, 88.2% were asymptomatic, 86.5% were virologically suppressed, 33.6% were suffering from multimorbidity (excluding infections/infestations), 45.5% were receiving comedications for their comorbidities, and 5.5% were co-infected with Hepatitis C virus. Most PLWH (98.2%) were prescribed DOR plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; 87.3% were prescribed DOR/Lamivudine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate fixed-dose combination. PLWH started DOR a median of 11.7 years after first-ever antiretroviral therapy initiation, corresponding to 2nd/3rd/≥4th antiretroviral line in 33.6%/33.6%/32.7% of participants, respectively; 60.9% of them were proactively switched to a DOR-based regimen. The most common reasons for switching were ‘regimen simplification’ (42.7%), ‘tolerability’ (26.4%) and ‘prevention of toxicities’ (18.2%). Conclusions: This study highlights the patterns of DOR use in real-life clinical practice in Greece among treatment-experienced PLWH. Physicians switch HIV-1-infected individuals from prior ART to DOR-based regimens to offer a simplified regimen or to avoid or prevent toxicity.