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Margaret Hosie is Professor of Comparative Virology at the MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research. A veterinarian, her most significant scientific contributions have included the identification of determinants of virulence amongst feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) isolates, the development of methods to confirm FIV and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) infections in diagnostic samples, the identification of vaccine-induced enhancement of FIV infection and elucidation of the mechanism of protection induced by whole inactivated FIV vaccines. She has also identified immunological correlates of feline retroviral infection and discovered the primary and co-receptor molecules for FIV infection. Over the years, her research findings have had implications for improving feline welfare as well as having wider, comparative significance. During the COVID-19 pandemic she was a contributing editor for the UKRI website https://coronavirusexplained.ukri.org/en/ and she led the team that identified the first UK cat infected with SARS-CoV-2. She has been a member of the European Advisory Board for Cat Diseases (ABCD) since 2005 and she is currently President of the newly established Association, ABCD Europe.
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cat virus associated with oral ulcerations and virulent-systemic disease. Efficacious FCV vaccines protect against severe disease but not against infection. The high genetic diversity of FCV poses a challenge in vaccine design. Protection against FCV has been related to humoral and cellular immunity; the latter has not been studied in detail. This study investigates the cellular and humoral immune response of specified pathogen-free (SPF) cats after modified-live FCV F9 vaccinations and two heterologous FCV challenges by the analysis of lymphocyte subsets, cytokine mRNA transcription levels, interferon (IFN)-γ release assays in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), anti-FCV antibodies, and neutralisation activity. Vaccinated cats developed a Th1 cytokine response after vaccination. Vaccination resulted in antibodies with neutralising activity against the vaccine but not the challenge viruses. Remarkably, IFN-γ-releasing PBMCs were detected in vaccinated cats upon stimulation with the vaccine strain and the first heterologous FCV challenge strain. After the first experimental infection, the mRNA transcription levels of perforin, granzyme B, INF-γ, and antiviral factor MX1 and the number of IFN-γ-releasing PBMCs when stimulated with the first challenge virus were higher in vaccinated cats compared to control cats. The first FCV challenge induced crossneutralising antibodies in all cats against the second challenge virus. Before the second challenge, vaccinated cats had a higher number of IFN-γ-releasing PBMCs when stimulated with the second challenge virus than control cats. After the second FCV challenge, there were less significant differences detected between the groups regarding lymphocyte subsets and cytokine mRNA transcription levels. In conclusion, modified-live FCV vaccination induced cellular but not humoral crossimmunity in SPF cats; innate immune mechanisms, secretory and membranolytic pathways, and IFN-γ-releasing PBMCs seem to be important in the host immune defence against FCV.
Andrea M. Spiri; Marilisa Novacco; Marina L. Meli; Martina Stirn; Barbara Riond; Jonathan E. Fogle; Felicitas S. Boretti; Imogen Herbert; Margaret J. Hosie; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann. Modified-Live Feline Calicivirus Vaccination Elicits Cellular Immunity against a Current Feline Calicivirus Field Strain in an Experimental Feline Challenge Study. Viruses 2021, 13, 1736 .
AMA StyleAndrea M. Spiri, Marilisa Novacco, Marina L. Meli, Martina Stirn, Barbara Riond, Jonathan E. Fogle, Felicitas S. Boretti, Imogen Herbert, Margaret J. Hosie, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann. Modified-Live Feline Calicivirus Vaccination Elicits Cellular Immunity against a Current Feline Calicivirus Field Strain in an Experimental Feline Challenge Study. Viruses. 2021; 13 (9):1736.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea M. Spiri; Marilisa Novacco; Marina L. Meli; Martina Stirn; Barbara Riond; Jonathan E. Fogle; Felicitas S. Boretti; Imogen Herbert; Margaret J. Hosie; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann. 2021. "Modified-Live Feline Calicivirus Vaccination Elicits Cellular Immunity against a Current Feline Calicivirus Field Strain in an Experimental Feline Challenge Study." Viruses 13, no. 9: 1736.
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cat virus causing clinical signs such as oral ulcerations, fever, reduced general condition, pneumonia, limping and occasionally virulent-systemic disease. Efficacious FCV vaccines protect against severe disease but not against infection. FCV is a highly mutagenic RNA virus whose high genetic diversity poses a challenge in vaccine design. The use of only one modified-live FCV strain over several decades might have driven the viral evolution towards more vaccine-resistant variants. The present study investigated the clinical signs, duration, and amount of FCV shedding, RNAemia, haematological changes and acute phase protein reaction in SPF cats after subcutaneous modified-live single strain FCV vaccination or placebo injection and two subsequent oronasal heterologous FCV challenge infections with two different field strains. Neither clinical signs nor FCV shedding from the oropharynx and FCV RNAemia were detected after vaccination. After the first experimental infection, vaccinated cats had significantly lower clinical scores, less increased body temperature and lower acute phase protein levels than control cats. The viral RNA loads from the oropharynx and duration and amount of RNAemia were significantly lower in the vaccinated animals. No clinical signs were observed in any of the cats after the second experimental infection. In conclusion, FCV vaccination was beneficial for protecting cats from severe clinical signs, reducing viral loads and inflammation after FCV challenge.
Andrea Spiri; Barbara Riond; Martina Stirn; Marilisa Novacco; Marina Meli; Felicitas Boretti; Imogen Herbert; Margaret Hosie; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann. Modified-Live Feline Calicivirus Vaccination Reduces Viral RNA Loads, Duration of RNAemia, and the Severity of Clinical Signs after Heterologous Feline Calicivirus Challenge. Viruses 2021, 13, 1505 .
AMA StyleAndrea Spiri, Barbara Riond, Martina Stirn, Marilisa Novacco, Marina Meli, Felicitas Boretti, Imogen Herbert, Margaret Hosie, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann. Modified-Live Feline Calicivirus Vaccination Reduces Viral RNA Loads, Duration of RNAemia, and the Severity of Clinical Signs after Heterologous Feline Calicivirus Challenge. Viruses. 2021; 13 (8):1505.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Spiri; Barbara Riond; Martina Stirn; Marilisa Novacco; Marina Meli; Felicitas Boretti; Imogen Herbert; Margaret Hosie; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann. 2021. "Modified-Live Feline Calicivirus Vaccination Reduces Viral RNA Loads, Duration of RNAemia, and the Severity of Clinical Signs after Heterologous Feline Calicivirus Challenge." Viruses 13, no. 8: 1505.
In the past, cats were considered resistant to influenza. Today, we know that they are susceptible to some influenza A viruses (IAVs) originating in other species. Usually, the outcome is only subclinical infection or a mild fever. However, outbreaks of feline disease caused by canine H3N2 IAV with fever, tachypnoea, sneezing, coughing, dyspnoea and lethargy are occasionally noted in shelters. In one such outbreak, the morbidity rate was 100% and the mortality rate was 40%. Recently, avian H7N2 IAV infection occurred in cats in some shelters in the USA, inducing mostly mild respiratory disease. Furthermore, cats are susceptible to experimental infection with the human H3N2 IAV that caused the pandemic in 1968. Several studies indicated that cats worldwide could be infected by H1N1 IAV during the subsequent human pandemic in 2009. In one shelter, severe cases with fatalities were noted. Finally, the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 IAV can induce a severe, fatal disease in cats, and can spread via cat-to-cat contact. In this review, the Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of experts in feline medicine from 11 European countries, summarises current data regarding the aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnostics, and control of feline IAV infections, as well as the zoonotic risks.
Tadeusz Frymus; Sándor Belák; Herman Egberink; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann; Fulvio Marsilio; Diane Addie; Corine Boucraut-Baralon; Katrin Hartmann; Albert Lloret; Hans Lutz; Maria Pennisi; Etienne Thiry; Uwe Truyen; Séverine Tasker; Karin Möstl; Margaret Hosie. Influenza Virus Infections in Cats. Viruses 2021, 13, 1435 .
AMA StyleTadeusz Frymus, Sándor Belák, Herman Egberink, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Fulvio Marsilio, Diane Addie, Corine Boucraut-Baralon, Katrin Hartmann, Albert Lloret, Hans Lutz, Maria Pennisi, Etienne Thiry, Uwe Truyen, Séverine Tasker, Karin Möstl, Margaret Hosie. Influenza Virus Infections in Cats. Viruses. 2021; 13 (8):1435.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTadeusz Frymus; Sándor Belák; Herman Egberink; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann; Fulvio Marsilio; Diane Addie; Corine Boucraut-Baralon; Katrin Hartmann; Albert Lloret; Hans Lutz; Maria Pennisi; Etienne Thiry; Uwe Truyen; Séverine Tasker; Karin Möstl; Margaret Hosie. 2021. "Influenza Virus Infections in Cats." Viruses 13, no. 8: 1435.
Objectives: The aim of the study was to find evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in UK cats. Design: Tissue samples were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 antigen using immunofluorescence and for viral RNA by in situ hybridisation. A set of 387 oropharyngeal swabs that had been submitted for routine respiratory pathogen testing was tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA using reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR. Results: Lung tissue collected post‐mortem from cat 1 tested positive for both SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid antigen and RNA. SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was detected in an oropharyngeal swab collected from cat 2 that presented with rhinitis and conjunctivitis. High throughput sequencing of the viral genome revealed five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) compared to the nearest UK human SARS‐CoV‐2 sequence, and this human virus contained eight SNPs compared to the original Wuhan‐Hu‐1 reference sequence. An analysis of the viral genome of cat 2 together with nine other feline‐derived SARS‐CoV‐2 sequences from around the world revealed no shared cat‐specific mutations. Conclusions: These findings indicate that human‐to‐cat transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 occurred during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the UK, with the infected cats developing mild or severe respiratory disease. Given the ability of the new coronavirus to infect different species, it will be important to monitor for human‐to‐cat, cat‐to‐cat and cat‐to‐human transmission.
Margaret J. Hosie; Ilaria Epifano; Vanessa Herder; Richard J. Orton; Andrew Stevenson; Natasha Johnson; Emma MacDonald; Dawn Dunbar; Michael McDonald; Fiona Howie; Bryn Tennant; Darcy Herrity; Ana Da Silva Filipe; Daniel G. Streicker; the COVID‐19 Genomics UK (COG‐UK) consortium; Brian J. Willett; Pablo R. Murcia; Ruth F. Jarrett; David L. Robertson; William Weir. Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in respiratory samples from cats in the UK associated with human‐to‐cat transmission. Veterinary Record 2021, 188, e247 .
AMA StyleMargaret J. Hosie, Ilaria Epifano, Vanessa Herder, Richard J. Orton, Andrew Stevenson, Natasha Johnson, Emma MacDonald, Dawn Dunbar, Michael McDonald, Fiona Howie, Bryn Tennant, Darcy Herrity, Ana Da Silva Filipe, Daniel G. Streicker, the COVID‐19 Genomics UK (COG‐UK) consortium, Brian J. Willett, Pablo R. Murcia, Ruth F. Jarrett, David L. Robertson, William Weir. Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in respiratory samples from cats in the UK associated with human‐to‐cat transmission. Veterinary Record. 2021; 188 (8):e247.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMargaret J. Hosie; Ilaria Epifano; Vanessa Herder; Richard J. Orton; Andrew Stevenson; Natasha Johnson; Emma MacDonald; Dawn Dunbar; Michael McDonald; Fiona Howie; Bryn Tennant; Darcy Herrity; Ana Da Silva Filipe; Daniel G. Streicker; the COVID‐19 Genomics UK (COG‐UK) consortium; Brian J. Willett; Pablo R. Murcia; Ruth F. Jarrett; David L. Robertson; William Weir. 2021. "Detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in respiratory samples from cats in the UK associated with human‐to‐cat transmission." Veterinary Record 188, no. 8: e247.
Although the antibody response induced by primary vaccination with Fel-O-Vax® FIV (three doses, 2–4 weeks apart) is well described, the antibody response induced by annual vaccination with Fel-O-Vax® FIV (single dose every 12 months after primary vaccination) and how it compares to the primary antibody response has not been studied. Residual blood samples from a primary FIV vaccination study (n = 11), and blood samples from cats given an annual FIV vaccination (n = 10), were utilized. Samples from all 21 cats were tested with a commercially available PCR assay (FIV RealPCRTM), an anti-p24 microsphere immunoassay (MIA), an anti-FIV transmembrane (TM; gp40) peptide ELISA, and a range of commercially available point-of-care (PoC) FIV antibody kits. PCR testing confirmed all 21 cats to be FIV-uninfected for the duration of this study. Results from MIA and ELISA testing showed that both vaccination regimes induced significant antibody responses against p24 and gp40, and both anti-p24 and anti-gp40 antibodies were variably present 12 months after FIV vaccination. The magnitude of the antibody response against both p24 and gp40 was significantly higher in the primary FIV vaccination group than in the annual FIV vaccination group. The differences in prime versus recall post-vaccinal antibody levels correlated with FIV PoC kit performance. Two FIV PoC kits that detect antibodies against gp40, namely Witness® and Anigen Rapid®, showed 100% specificity in cats recently administered an annual FIV vaccination, demonstrating that they can be used to accurately distinguish vaccination and infection in annually vaccinated cats. A third FIV PoC kit, SNAP® Combo, had 0% specificity in annually FIV-vaccinated cats, and should not be used in any cat with a possible history of FIV vaccination. This study outlines the antibody response to inactivated Fel-O-Vax® FIV whole-virus vaccine, and demonstrates how best to diagnose FIV infection in jurisdictions where FIV vaccination is practiced.
Mark Westman; Dennis Yang; Jennifer Green; Jacqueline Norris; Richard Malik; Yasmin Parr; Mike McDonald; Margaret Hosie; Sue VandeWoude; Craig Miller. Antibody Responses in Cats Following Primary and Annual Vaccination against Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) with an Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccine (Fel-O-Vax® FIV). Viruses 2021, 13, 470 .
AMA StyleMark Westman, Dennis Yang, Jennifer Green, Jacqueline Norris, Richard Malik, Yasmin Parr, Mike McDonald, Margaret Hosie, Sue VandeWoude, Craig Miller. Antibody Responses in Cats Following Primary and Annual Vaccination against Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) with an Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccine (Fel-O-Vax® FIV). Viruses. 2021; 13 (3):470.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMark Westman; Dennis Yang; Jennifer Green; Jacqueline Norris; Richard Malik; Yasmin Parr; Mike McDonald; Margaret Hosie; Sue VandeWoude; Craig Miller. 2021. "Antibody Responses in Cats Following Primary and Annual Vaccination against Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) with an Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccine (Fel-O-Vax® FIV)." Viruses 13, no. 3: 470.
Retroviruses belong to an important and diverse family of RNA viruses capable of causing neoplastic disease in their hosts. Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) is a gammaretrovirus that infects domestic and wild cats, causing immunodeficiency, cytopenia and neoplasia in progressively infected cats. The outcome of FeLV infection is influenced by the host immune response; progressively infected cats demonstrate weaker immune responses compared to regressively infected cats. In this study, humoral immune responses were examined in 180 samples collected from 123 domestic cats that had been naturally exposed to FeLV, using a novel ELISA to measure antibodies recognizing the FeLV surface unit (SU) glycoprotein in plasma samples. A correlation was demonstrated between the strength of the humoral immune response to the SU protein and the outcome of exposure. Cats with regressive infection demonstrated higher antibody responses to the SU protein compared to cats belonging to other outcome groups, and samples from cats with regressive infection contained virus neutralising antibodies. These results demonstrate that an ELISA that assesses the humoral response to FeLV SU complements the use of viral diagnostic tests to define the outcome of exposure to FeLV. Together these tests could allow the rapid identification of regressively infected cats that are unlikely to develop FeLV-related disease.
Yasmin Parr; Melissa Beall; Julie Levy; Michael McDonald; Natascha Hamman; Brian Willett; Margaret Hosie. Measuring the Humoral Immune Response in Cats Exposed to Feline Leukaemia Virus. Viruses 2021, 13, 428 .
AMA StyleYasmin Parr, Melissa Beall, Julie Levy, Michael McDonald, Natascha Hamman, Brian Willett, Margaret Hosie. Measuring the Humoral Immune Response in Cats Exposed to Feline Leukaemia Virus. Viruses. 2021; 13 (3):428.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYasmin Parr; Melissa Beall; Julie Levy; Michael McDonald; Natascha Hamman; Brian Willett; Margaret Hosie. 2021. "Measuring the Humoral Immune Response in Cats Exposed to Feline Leukaemia Virus." Viruses 13, no. 3: 428.
A field study undertaken in Australia compared the antibody responses induced in client-owned cats that had been vaccinated using two inactivated whole feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) vaccines, the monovalent vaccine Fel-O-Vax® Lv-K and the polyvalent vaccine Fel-O-Vax® 5. Serum samples from 428 FeLV-uninfected cats (118 FeLV-vaccinated and 310 FeLV-unvaccinated) were tested for anti-FeLV neutralising antibodies (NAb) using a live virus neutralisation assay to identify 378 FeLV-unexposed (NAb-negative) and 50 FeLV-exposed (NAb-positive; abortive infections) cats, following by anti-surface unit (SU) FeLV-A and FeLV-B antibody ELISA testing. An additional 42 FeLV-infected cats (28 presumptively regressively infected, 14 presumptively progressively infected) were also tested for anti-SU antibodies. NAb-positive cats displayed significantly higher anti-SU antibody ELISA responses compared to NAb-negative cats (p < 0.001). FeLV-unexposed cats (NAb-negative) that had been vaccinated less than 18 months after a previous FeLV vaccination using the monovalent vaccine (Fel-O-Vax® Lv-K) displayed higher anti-SU antibody ELISA responses than a comparable group vaccinated with the polyvalent vaccine (Fel-O-Vax® 5) (p < 0.001 for both anti-FeLV-A and FeLV-B SU antibody responses). This difference in anti-SU antibody responses between cats vaccinated with the monovalent or polyvalent vaccine, however, was not observed in cats that had been naturally exposed to FeLV (NAb-positive) (p = 0.33). It was postulated that vaccination with Fel-O-Vax® 5 primed the humoral response prior to FeLV exposure, such that antibody production increased when the animal was challenged, while vaccination with Fel-O-Vax® Lv-K induced an immediate preparatory antibody response that did not quantitatively increase after FeLV exposure. These results raise questions about the comparable vaccine efficacy of the different FeLV vaccine formulations and correlates of protection.
Mark Westman; Jacqueline Norris; Richard Malik; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann; Yasmin Parr; Emma Armstrong; Mike McDonald; Evelyn Hall; Paul Sheehy; Margaret Hosie. Anti-SU Antibody Responses in Client-Owned Cats Following Vaccination against Feline Leukaemia Virus with Two Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccines (Fel-O-Vax® Lv-K and Fel-O-Vax® 5). Viruses 2021, 13, 240 .
AMA StyleMark Westman, Jacqueline Norris, Richard Malik, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Yasmin Parr, Emma Armstrong, Mike McDonald, Evelyn Hall, Paul Sheehy, Margaret Hosie. Anti-SU Antibody Responses in Client-Owned Cats Following Vaccination against Feline Leukaemia Virus with Two Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccines (Fel-O-Vax® Lv-K and Fel-O-Vax® 5). Viruses. 2021; 13 (2):240.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMark Westman; Jacqueline Norris; Richard Malik; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann; Yasmin Parr; Emma Armstrong; Mike McDonald; Evelyn Hall; Paul Sheehy; Margaret Hosie. 2021. "Anti-SU Antibody Responses in Client-Owned Cats Following Vaccination against Feline Leukaemia Virus with Two Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccines (Fel-O-Vax® Lv-K and Fel-O-Vax® 5)." Viruses 13, no. 2: 240.
COVID-19 is a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by a new coronavirus (CoV), SARS-CoV-2, which is closely related to SARS-CoV that jumped the animal–human species barrier and caused a disease outbreak in 2003. SARS-CoV-2 is a betacoronavirus that was first described in 2019, unrelated to the commonly occurring feline coronavirus (FCoV) that is an alphacoronavirus associated with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and has spread globally within a few months, resulting in the current pandemic. Felids have been shown to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Particularly in the Western world, many people live in very close contact with their pet cats, and natural infections of cats in COVID-19-positive households have been described in several countries. In this review, the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of experts in feline medicine from 11 European Countries, discusses the current status of SARS-CoV infections in cats. The review examines the host range of SARS-CoV-2 and human-to-animal transmissions, including infections in domestic and non-domestic felids, as well as mink-to-human/-cat transmission. It summarises current data on SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in domestic cats and the results of experimental infections of cats and provides expert opinions on the clinical relevance and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cats.
Margaret Hosie; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann; Katrin Hartmann; Herman Egberink; Uwe Truyen; Diane Addie; Sándor Belák; Corine Boucraut-Baralon; Tadeusz Frymus; Albert Lloret; Hans Lutz; Fulvio Marsilio; Maria Pennisi; Séverine Tasker; Etienne Thiry; Karin Möstl. Anthropogenic Infection of Cats during the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic. Viruses 2021, 13, 185 .
AMA StyleMargaret Hosie, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Katrin Hartmann, Herman Egberink, Uwe Truyen, Diane Addie, Sándor Belák, Corine Boucraut-Baralon, Tadeusz Frymus, Albert Lloret, Hans Lutz, Fulvio Marsilio, Maria Pennisi, Séverine Tasker, Etienne Thiry, Karin Möstl. Anthropogenic Infection of Cats during the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic. Viruses. 2021; 13 (2):185.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMargaret Hosie; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann; Katrin Hartmann; Herman Egberink; Uwe Truyen; Diane Addie; Sándor Belák; Corine Boucraut-Baralon; Tadeusz Frymus; Albert Lloret; Hans Lutz; Fulvio Marsilio; Maria Pennisi; Séverine Tasker; Etienne Thiry; Karin Möstl. 2021. "Anthropogenic Infection of Cats during the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic." Viruses 13, no. 2: 185.
Canine distemper virus (CDV) has recently emerged as an extinction threat for the endangered Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). CDV is vaccine-preventable, and control strategies could require vaccination of domestic dogs and/or wildlife populations. However, vaccination of endangered wildlife remains controversial, which has led to a focus on interventions in domestic dogs, often assumed to be the source of infection. Effective decision making requires an understanding of the true reservoir dynamics, which poses substantial challenges in remote areas with diverse host communities. We carried out serological, demographic, and phylogenetic studies of dog and wildlife populations in the Russian Far East to show that a number of wildlife species are more important than dogs, both in maintaining CDV and as sources of infection for tigers. Critically, therefore, because CDV circulates among multiple wildlife sources, dog vaccination alone would not be effective at protecting tigers. We show, however, that low-coverage vaccination of tigers themselves is feasible and would produce substantive reductions in extinction risks. Vaccination of endangered wildlife provides a valuable component of conservation strategies for endangered species.
Martin Gilbert; Nadezhda Sulikhan; Olga Uphyrkina; Mikhail Goncharuk; Linda Kerley; Enrique Hernandez Castro; Richard Reeve; Tracie Seimon; Denise McAloose; Ivan V. Seryodkin; Sergey V. Naidenko; Christopher A. Davis; Gavin S. Wilkie; Sreenu B. Vattipally; Walt E. Adamson; Chris Hinds; Emma C. Thomson; Brian J. Willett; Margaret J. Hosie; Nicola Logan; Michael McDonald; Robert J. Ossiboff; Elena I. Shevtsova; Stepan Belyakin; Anna A. Yurlova; Steven A. Osofsky; Dale G. Miquelle; Louise Matthews; Sarah Cleaveland. Distemper, extinction, and vaccination of the Amur tiger. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2020, 117, 31954 -31962.
AMA StyleMartin Gilbert, Nadezhda Sulikhan, Olga Uphyrkina, Mikhail Goncharuk, Linda Kerley, Enrique Hernandez Castro, Richard Reeve, Tracie Seimon, Denise McAloose, Ivan V. Seryodkin, Sergey V. Naidenko, Christopher A. Davis, Gavin S. Wilkie, Sreenu B. Vattipally, Walt E. Adamson, Chris Hinds, Emma C. Thomson, Brian J. Willett, Margaret J. Hosie, Nicola Logan, Michael McDonald, Robert J. Ossiboff, Elena I. Shevtsova, Stepan Belyakin, Anna A. Yurlova, Steven A. Osofsky, Dale G. Miquelle, Louise Matthews, Sarah Cleaveland. Distemper, extinction, and vaccination of the Amur tiger. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2020; 117 (50):31954-31962.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartin Gilbert; Nadezhda Sulikhan; Olga Uphyrkina; Mikhail Goncharuk; Linda Kerley; Enrique Hernandez Castro; Richard Reeve; Tracie Seimon; Denise McAloose; Ivan V. Seryodkin; Sergey V. Naidenko; Christopher A. Davis; Gavin S. Wilkie; Sreenu B. Vattipally; Walt E. Adamson; Chris Hinds; Emma C. Thomson; Brian J. Willett; Margaret J. Hosie; Nicola Logan; Michael McDonald; Robert J. Ossiboff; Elena I. Shevtsova; Stepan Belyakin; Anna A. Yurlova; Steven A. Osofsky; Dale G. Miquelle; Louise Matthews; Sarah Cleaveland. 2020. "Distemper, extinction, and vaccination of the Amur tiger." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 50: 31954-31962.
Two cats from different COVID-19-infected households in the UK were found to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 from humans, demonstrated by immunofluorescence, in situ hybridisation, reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR and viral genome sequencing. Lung tissue collected post-mortem from cat 1 displayed pathological and histological findings consistent with viral pneumonia and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antigens and RNA. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in an oropharyngeal swab collected from cat 2 that presented with rhinitis and conjunctivitis. High throughput sequencing of the virus from cat 2 revealed that the feline viral genome contained five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) compared to the nearest UK human SARS-CoV-2 sequence, and this human virus contained eight SNPs compared to the original Wuhan-Hu-1 reference. An analysis of the viral genome of cat 2 together with nine other feline-derived SARS-CoV-2 sequences from around the world revealed no shared cat-specific mutations. These findings indicate that human-to-cat transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, with the infected cats developing mild or severe respiratory disease. Given the versatility of the new coronavirus, it will be important to monitor for human-to-cat, cat-to-cat and cat-to-human transmission.
Margaret J Hosie; Ilaria Epifano; Vanessa Herder; Richard Orton; Andrew Stevenson; Natasha Johnson; Emma Macdonald; Dawn Dunbar; Michael McDonald; Fiona Howie; Bryn Tennant; Darcy Herrity; Ana C Filipe; Daniel G Streicker; Brian J Willett; Pablo R Murcia; Ruth F Jarrett; David L Robertson; William Weir; COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium. Respiratory disease in cats associated with human-to-cat transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleMargaret J Hosie, Ilaria Epifano, Vanessa Herder, Richard Orton, Andrew Stevenson, Natasha Johnson, Emma Macdonald, Dawn Dunbar, Michael McDonald, Fiona Howie, Bryn Tennant, Darcy Herrity, Ana C Filipe, Daniel G Streicker, Brian J Willett, Pablo R Murcia, Ruth F Jarrett, David L Robertson, William Weir, COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium. Respiratory disease in cats associated with human-to-cat transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMargaret J Hosie; Ilaria Epifano; Vanessa Herder; Richard Orton; Andrew Stevenson; Natasha Johnson; Emma Macdonald; Dawn Dunbar; Michael McDonald; Fiona Howie; Bryn Tennant; Darcy Herrity; Ana C Filipe; Daniel G Streicker; Brian J Willett; Pablo R Murcia; Ruth F Jarrett; David L Robertson; William Weir; COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium. 2020. "Respiratory disease in cats associated with human-to-cat transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK." , no. : 1.
Margaret J Hosie; Seema Jasim. The case for adopting a combined comparative medicine and One Health approach to tackle emerging diseases. Veterinary Record 2020, 187, 24 -26.
AMA StyleMargaret J Hosie, Seema Jasim. The case for adopting a combined comparative medicine and One Health approach to tackle emerging diseases. Veterinary Record. 2020; 187 (1):24-26.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMargaret J Hosie; Seema Jasim. 2020. "The case for adopting a combined comparative medicine and One Health approach to tackle emerging diseases." Veterinary Record 187, no. 1: 24-26.
Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus associated with fatal disease in progressively infected cats. While testing/removal and vaccination led to a decreased prevalence of FeLV, recently, this decrease has reportedly stagnated in some countries. This study aimed to prospectively determine the prevalence of FeLV viraemia in cats taken to veterinary facilities in 32 European countries. FeLV viral RNA was semiquantitatively detected in saliva, using RT-qPCR as a measure of viraemia. Risk and protective factors were assessed using an online questionnaire to report geographic, demographic, husbandry, FeLV vaccination, and clinical data. The overall prevalence of FeLV viraemia in cats visiting a veterinary facility, of which 10.4% were shelter and rescue cats, was 2.3% (141/6005; 95% CI: 2.0%–2.8%) with the highest prevalences in Portugal, Hungary, and Italy/Malta (5.7%–8.8%). Using multivariate analysis, seven risk factors (Southern Europe, male intact, 1–6 years of age, indoor and outdoor or outdoor-only living, living in a group of ≥5 cats, illness), and three protective factors (Northern Europe, Western Europe, pedigree cats) were identified. Using classification and regression tree (CART) analysis, the origin of cats in Europe, pedigree, and access to outdoors were important predictors of FeLV status. FeLV-infected sick cats shed more viral RNA than FeLV-infected healthy cats, and they suffered more frequently from anaemia, anorexia, and gingivitis/stomatitis than uninfected sick cats. Most cats had never been FeLV-vaccinated; vaccination rates were indirectly associated with the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. In conclusion, we identified countries where FeLV was undetectable, demonstrating that the infection can be eradicated and highlighting those regions where awareness and prevention should be increased.
Nadine Studer; Hans Lutz; Claude Saegerman; Enikö Gönczi; Marina L. Meli; Gianluca Boo; Katrin Hartmann; Margaret J. Hosie; Karin Moestl; Séverine Tasker; Sándor Belák; Albert Lloret; Corine Boucraut-Baralon; Herman F. Egberink; Maria-Grazia Pennisi; Uwe Truyen; Tadeusz Frymus; Etienne Thiry; Fulvio Marsilio; Diane Addie; Manfred Hochleithner; Filip Tkalec; Zsuzsanna Vizi; Anna Brunetti; Boyko Georgiev; Louisa F. Ludwig-Begall; Flurin Tschuor; Carmel T. Mooney; Catarina Eliasson; Janne Orro; Helle Johansen; Kirsi Juuti; Igor Krampl; Kaspars Kovalenko; Jakov Šengaut; Cristina Sobral; Petra Borska; Simona Kovaříková; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann. Pan-European Study on the Prevalence of the Feline Leukaemia Virus Infection – Reported by the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD Europe). Viruses 2019, 11, 993 .
AMA StyleNadine Studer, Hans Lutz, Claude Saegerman, Enikö Gönczi, Marina L. Meli, Gianluca Boo, Katrin Hartmann, Margaret J. Hosie, Karin Moestl, Séverine Tasker, Sándor Belák, Albert Lloret, Corine Boucraut-Baralon, Herman F. Egberink, Maria-Grazia Pennisi, Uwe Truyen, Tadeusz Frymus, Etienne Thiry, Fulvio Marsilio, Diane Addie, Manfred Hochleithner, Filip Tkalec, Zsuzsanna Vizi, Anna Brunetti, Boyko Georgiev, Louisa F. Ludwig-Begall, Flurin Tschuor, Carmel T. Mooney, Catarina Eliasson, Janne Orro, Helle Johansen, Kirsi Juuti, Igor Krampl, Kaspars Kovalenko, Jakov Šengaut, Cristina Sobral, Petra Borska, Simona Kovaříková, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann. Pan-European Study on the Prevalence of the Feline Leukaemia Virus Infection – Reported by the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD Europe). Viruses. 2019; 11 (11):993.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNadine Studer; Hans Lutz; Claude Saegerman; Enikö Gönczi; Marina L. Meli; Gianluca Boo; Katrin Hartmann; Margaret J. Hosie; Karin Moestl; Séverine Tasker; Sándor Belák; Albert Lloret; Corine Boucraut-Baralon; Herman F. Egberink; Maria-Grazia Pennisi; Uwe Truyen; Tadeusz Frymus; Etienne Thiry; Fulvio Marsilio; Diane Addie; Manfred Hochleithner; Filip Tkalec; Zsuzsanna Vizi; Anna Brunetti; Boyko Georgiev; Louisa F. Ludwig-Begall; Flurin Tschuor; Carmel T. Mooney; Catarina Eliasson; Janne Orro; Helle Johansen; Kirsi Juuti; Igor Krampl; Kaspars Kovalenko; Jakov Šengaut; Cristina Sobral; Petra Borska; Simona Kovaříková; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann. 2019. "Pan-European Study on the Prevalence of the Feline Leukaemia Virus Infection – Reported by the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD Europe)." Viruses 11, no. 11: 993.
Feline calicivirus (FCV) can cause painful oral ulcerations, salivation, gingivitis/stomatitis, fever and depression in infected cats; highly virulent virus variants can lead to fatal epizootic outbreaks. Viral transmission occurs directly or indirectly via fomites. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and viability of FCV in the environment after sequential oronasal infections of specified pathogen-free cats with two FCV field strains in a research facility. Replicating virus was detected in saliva swabs from all ten cats after the first and in four out of ten cats after the second FCV exposure using virus isolation to identify FCV shedders. In the environment, where cleaning, but no disinfection took place, FCV viral RNA was detectable using RT-qPCR on all tested items and surfaces, including cat hair. However, only very limited evidence was found of replicating virus using virus isolation. Viral RNA remained demonstrable for at least 28 days after shedding had ceased in all cats. Disinfection with 5% sodium bicarbonate (and IncidinTM Plus) and barrier measures were effective in that no viral RNA was detectable outside the cat rooms. Our findings are important for any multicat environment to optimize hygienic measures against FCV infection.
Andrea Monika Spiri; Marina Luisa Meli; Barbara Riond; Imogen Herbert; Margaret J. Hosie; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann. Environmental Contamination and Hygienic Measures After Feline Calicivirus Field Strain Infections of Cats in a Research Facility. Viruses 2019, 11, 958 .
AMA StyleAndrea Monika Spiri, Marina Luisa Meli, Barbara Riond, Imogen Herbert, Margaret J. Hosie, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann. Environmental Contamination and Hygienic Measures After Feline Calicivirus Field Strain Infections of Cats in a Research Facility. Viruses. 2019; 11 (10):958.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Monika Spiri; Marina Luisa Meli; Barbara Riond; Imogen Herbert; Margaret J. Hosie; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann. 2019. "Environmental Contamination and Hygienic Measures After Feline Calicivirus Field Strain Infections of Cats in a Research Facility." Viruses 11, no. 10: 958.
During the 2013–2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa an expert panel was established on the instructions of the UK Prime Minister to identify priority pathogens for outbreak diseases that had the potential to cause future epidemics. A total of 13 priority pathogens were identified, which led to the prioritisation of spending in emerging diseases vaccine research and development from the UK. This meeting report summarises the process used to develop the UK pathogen priority list, compares it to lists generated by other organisations (World Health Organisation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) and summarises clinical progress towards the development of vaccines against priority diseases. There is clear technical progress towards the development of vaccines. However, the availability of these vaccines will be dependent on sustained funding for clinical trials and the preparation of clinically acceptable manufactured material during inter-epidemic periods.
Rob J. Noad; Karl Simpson; Anthony R. Fooks; Roger Hewson; Sarah C. Gilbert; Mark P. Stevens; Margaret J. Hosie; Joann Prior; Anna M. Kinsey; Gary Entrican; Andrew Simpson; Christopher J.M. Whitty; Miles W Carroll. UK vaccines network: Mapping priority pathogens of epidemic potential and vaccine pipeline developments. Vaccine 2019, 37, 6241 -6247.
AMA StyleRob J. Noad, Karl Simpson, Anthony R. Fooks, Roger Hewson, Sarah C. Gilbert, Mark P. Stevens, Margaret J. Hosie, Joann Prior, Anna M. Kinsey, Gary Entrican, Andrew Simpson, Christopher J.M. Whitty, Miles W Carroll. UK vaccines network: Mapping priority pathogens of epidemic potential and vaccine pipeline developments. Vaccine. 2019; 37 (43):6241-6247.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRob J. Noad; Karl Simpson; Anthony R. Fooks; Roger Hewson; Sarah C. Gilbert; Mark P. Stevens; Margaret J. Hosie; Joann Prior; Anna M. Kinsey; Gary Entrican; Andrew Simpson; Christopher J.M. Whitty; Miles W Carroll. 2019. "UK vaccines network: Mapping priority pathogens of epidemic potential and vaccine pipeline developments." Vaccine 37, no. 43: 6241-6247.
A field study was undertaken to (i) measure the prevalence of feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) exposure and FeLV infection in a cross-section of healthy Australian pet cats; and (ii) investigate the outcomes following natural FeLV exposure in two Australian rescue facilities. Group 1 (n = 440) consisted of healthy client-owned cats with outdoor access, predominantly from eastern Australia. Groups 2 (n = 38) and 3 (n = 51) consisted of a mixture of healthy and sick cats, group-housed in two separate rescue facilities in Sydney, Australia, tested following identification of index cases of FeLV infection in cats sourced from these facilities. Diagnostic testing for FeLV exposure/infection included p27 antigen testing using three different point-of-care FeLV kits and a laboratory-based ELISA, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) testing to detect FeLV proviral DNA in leukocytes, real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) testing to detect FeLV RNA in plasma, and neutralising antibody (NAb) testing. Cats were classified as FeLV-uninfected (FeLV-unexposed and presumptively FeLV-abortive infections) or FeLV-infected (presumptively regressive and presumptively progressive infections). In Group 1, 370 FeLV-unexposed cats (370/440, 84%), 47 abortive infections (47/440, 11%), nine regressive infections (9/440, 2%), and two progressive infections (2/440, 0.5%) were identified, and 12 FeLV-uninfected cats (12/440, 3%) were unclassifiable as FeLV-unexposed or abortive infections due to insufficient samples available for NAb testing. In Groups 2 and 3, 31 FeLV-unexposed cats (31/89, 35%), eight abortive infections (8/89, 9%), 22 regressive infections (22/89; 25%), and 19 progressive infections (19/89; 21%) were discovered, and nine FeLV-uninfected cats (9/89; 10%) were unclassifiable due to insufficient samples available for NAb testing. One of the presumptively progressively-infected cats in Group 3 was likely a focal FeLV infection. Two other presumptively progressively-infected cats in Group 3 may have been classified as regressive infections with repeated testing, highlighting the difficulties associated with FeLV diagnosis when sampling cats at a single time point, even with results from a panel of FeLV tests. These results serve as a reminder to Australian veterinarians that the threat of FeLV to the general pet cat population remains high, thus vigilant FeLV testing, separate housing for FeLV-infected cats, and FeLV vaccination of at-risk cats is important, particularly in group-housed cats in shelters and rescue facilities, where outbreaks of FeLV infection can occur.
Mark Westman; Jacqueline Norris; Richard Malik; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann; Andrea Harvey; Alicia McLuckie; Martine Perkins; Donna Schofield; Alan Marcus; Mike McDonald; Michael Ward; Evelyn Hall; Paul Sheehy; Margaret Hosie. The Diagnosis of Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV) Infection in Owned and Group-Housed Rescue Cats in Australia. Viruses 2019, 11, 503 .
AMA StyleMark Westman, Jacqueline Norris, Richard Malik, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann, Andrea Harvey, Alicia McLuckie, Martine Perkins, Donna Schofield, Alan Marcus, Mike McDonald, Michael Ward, Evelyn Hall, Paul Sheehy, Margaret Hosie. The Diagnosis of Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV) Infection in Owned and Group-Housed Rescue Cats in Australia. Viruses. 2019; 11 (6):503.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMark Westman; Jacqueline Norris; Richard Malik; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann; Andrea Harvey; Alicia McLuckie; Martine Perkins; Donna Schofield; Alan Marcus; Mike McDonald; Michael Ward; Evelyn Hall; Paul Sheehy; Margaret Hosie. 2019. "The Diagnosis of Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV) Infection in Owned and Group-Housed Rescue Cats in Australia." Viruses 11, no. 6: 503.
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus of domestic cats that shares several similarities with its human counterpart, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Their analogies include genomic organization, lymphocyte tropism, viral persistence and induction of immunodeficiency. FIV is the only lentivirus for which a commercial vaccine is registered for prevention in either human or veterinary medicine. This provides a unique opportunity to investigate the mechanisms of protection induced by lentivirus vaccines at the population level and might contribute to the development of efficacious HIV vaccines. As well as having comparative value for vaccine studies, FIV research has shed some light on the relationship between lentiviral tropism and pathogenesis. Recent studies in our laboratory demonstrated that the interaction between FIV and its primary receptor changes as disease progresses, reminiscent of the receptor switch observed as disease progresses in HIV infected individuals. Here we summarise findings illustrating that, in addition to its veterinary significance, FIV has comparative value, providing a useful model to explore lentivirus–host interactions and to examine potential immune correlates of protection against HIV infection.
Margaret J. Hosie; Navapon Techakriengkrai; Paweł M. Bęczkowski; Matthew Harris; Nicola Logan; Brian J. Willett. The Comparative Value of Feline Virology Research: Can Findings from the Feline Lentiviral Vaccine Be Translated to Humans? Veterinary Sciences 2017, 4, 7 .
AMA StyleMargaret J. Hosie, Navapon Techakriengkrai, Paweł M. Bęczkowski, Matthew Harris, Nicola Logan, Brian J. Willett. The Comparative Value of Feline Virology Research: Can Findings from the Feline Lentiviral Vaccine Be Translated to Humans? Veterinary Sciences. 2017; 4 (4):7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMargaret J. Hosie; Navapon Techakriengkrai; Paweł M. Bęczkowski; Matthew Harris; Nicola Logan; Brian J. Willett. 2017. "The Comparative Value of Feline Virology Research: Can Findings from the Feline Lentiviral Vaccine Be Translated to Humans?" Veterinary Sciences 4, no. 4: 7.
The measurement of virus-specific neutralising antibodies represents the “gold-standard” for diagnostic serology. For animal morbilliviruses, such as peste des petits ruminants (PPRV) or rinderpest virus (RPV), live virus-based neutralisation tests require high-level biocontainment to prevent the accidental escape of the infectious agents. In this study, we describe the adaptation of a replication-defective vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVΔG) based pseudotyping system for the measurement of neutralising antibodies against animal morbilliviruses. By expressing the haemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins of PPRV on VSVΔG pseudotypes bearing a luciferase marker gene, neutralising antibody titres could be measured rapidly and with high sensitivity. Serological responses against the four distinct lineages of PPRV could be measured simultaneously and cross-neutralising responses against other morbilliviruses compared. Using this approach, we observed that titres of neutralising antibodies induced by vaccination with live attenuated PPRV were lower than those induced by wild type virus infection and the level of cross-lineage neutralisation varied between vaccinates. By comparing neutralising responses from animals infected with either PPRV or RPV, we found that responses were highest against the homologous virus, indicating that retrospective analyses of serum samples could be used to confirm the nature of the original pathogen to which an animal had been exposed. Accordingly, when screening sera from domestic livestock and wild ruminants in Tanzania, we detected evidence of cross-species infection with PPRV, canine distemper virus (CDV) and a RPV-related bovine morbillivirus, suggesting that exposure to animal morbilliviruses may be more widespread than indicated previously using existing diagnostic techniques.
Nicola Logan; William G. Dundon; Adama Diallo; Michael D. Baron; M. James Nyarobi; Sarah Cleaveland; Julius Keyyu; Robert Fyumagwa; Margaret J. Hosie; Brian J. Willett. Enhanced immunosurveillance for animal morbilliviruses using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotypes. Vaccine 2016, 34, 5736 -5743.
AMA StyleNicola Logan, William G. Dundon, Adama Diallo, Michael D. Baron, M. James Nyarobi, Sarah Cleaveland, Julius Keyyu, Robert Fyumagwa, Margaret J. Hosie, Brian J. Willett. Enhanced immunosurveillance for animal morbilliviruses using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotypes. Vaccine. 2016; 34 (47):5736-5743.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicola Logan; William G. Dundon; Adama Diallo; Michael D. Baron; M. James Nyarobi; Sarah Cleaveland; Julius Keyyu; Robert Fyumagwa; Margaret J. Hosie; Brian J. Willett. 2016. "Enhanced immunosurveillance for animal morbilliviruses using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotypes." Vaccine 34, no. 47: 5736-5743.
Feline calicivirus (FCV) infections are associated with oral ulceration, chronic stomatitis and a limping syndrome. Epizootic outbreaks of virulent systemic disease (VSD) have been reported in the USA and Europe. Here, the molecular characterization and neutralization patterns of FCV isolates from cases of severe, non-epizootic infection associated with skin ulceration and edema are presented. Samples from eleven symptomatic cats, four in-contact cats and 27 cats with no contact with symptomatic cats were collected and tested for FCV, feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1), feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Phylogenetic analyses based on the capsid (VP1) gene of FCV and virus neutralization with antisera raised against four FCV vaccine strains were performed. Nine kittens and two adult cats in two shelters and two veterinary clinics in four geographically distinct locations in Switzerland and Liechtenstein were affected. The cats showed fever, tongue and skin ulceration, head and paw edema, and occasionally jaundice, generalized edema and dyspnea. All symptomatic cats tested FCV-positive but were negative for FHV-1, FeLV and FIV, with the exception of one FIV-positive kitten. All kittens of one litter and both adult cats died. The disease did not spread to cats in the environment. Cats in the environment displayed phylogenetically distinct, but related, FCV strains. Virus neutralization patterns suggested that some cases might have been potentially prevented by vaccination with the optimal vaccine strain. In conclusion, clinicians should be aware of severe, non-epizootic forms of FCV infections with initial clinical presentations similar to VSD
Barbara Willi; Andrea M. Spiri; Marina L. Meli; Ayman Samman; Karolin Hoffmann; Titus Sydler; Valentino Cattori; Felix Graf; Kevin A. Diserens; Isabelle Padrutt; Stefanie Nesina; Alice Berger; Maja Ruetten; Barbara Riond; Margaret J. Hosie; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann. Molecular characterization and virus neutralization patterns of severe, non-epizootic forms of feline calicivirus infections resembling virulent systemic disease in cats in Switzerland and in Liechtenstein. Veterinary Microbiology 2016, 182, 202 -212.
AMA StyleBarbara Willi, Andrea M. Spiri, Marina L. Meli, Ayman Samman, Karolin Hoffmann, Titus Sydler, Valentino Cattori, Felix Graf, Kevin A. Diserens, Isabelle Padrutt, Stefanie Nesina, Alice Berger, Maja Ruetten, Barbara Riond, Margaret J. Hosie, Regina Hofmann-Lehmann. Molecular characterization and virus neutralization patterns of severe, non-epizootic forms of feline calicivirus infections resembling virulent systemic disease in cats in Switzerland and in Liechtenstein. Veterinary Microbiology. 2016; 182 ():202-212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarbara Willi; Andrea M. Spiri; Marina L. Meli; Ayman Samman; Karolin Hoffmann; Titus Sydler; Valentino Cattori; Felix Graf; Kevin A. Diserens; Isabelle Padrutt; Stefanie Nesina; Alice Berger; Maja Ruetten; Barbara Riond; Margaret J. Hosie; Regina Hofmann-Lehmann. 2016. "Molecular characterization and virus neutralization patterns of severe, non-epizootic forms of feline calicivirus infections resembling virulent systemic disease in cats in Switzerland and in Liechtenstein." Veterinary Microbiology 182, no. : 202-212.
Morbillivirus neutralising antibodies are traditionally measured using either plaque reduction neutralisation tests (PRNTs) or live virus microneutralisation tests (micro-NTs). While both test formats provide a reliable assessment of the strength and specificity of the humoral response, they are restricted by the limited number of viral strains that can be studied and often present significant biological safety concerns to the operator. In this study, we describe the adaptation of a replication-defective vesicular stomatitis virus (VSVΔG) based pseudotyping system for the measurement of morbillivirus neutralising antibodies. By expressing the haemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins of canine distemper virus (CDV) on VSVΔG pseudotypes bearing a luciferase marker gene, neutralising antibody titres could be measured rapidly and with high sensitivity. Further, by exchanging the glycoprotein expression construct, responses against distinct viral strains or species may be measured. Using this technique, we demonstrate cross neutralisation between CDV and peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). As an example of the value of the technique, we demonstrate that UK dogs vary in the breadth of immunity induced by CDV vaccination; in some dogs the neutralising response is CDV-specific while, in others, the neutralising response extends to the ruminant morbillivirus PPRV. This technique will facilitate a comprehensive comparison of cross-neutralisation to be conducted across the morbilliviruses.
Nicola Logan; Elizabeth McMonagle; Angharad A. Drew; Emi Takahashi; Michael McDonald; Michael D. Baron; Martin Gilbert; Sarah Cleaveland; Daniel T. Haydon; Margaret J. Hosie; Brian J. Willett. Efficient generation of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-pseudotypes bearing morbilliviral glycoproteins and their use in quantifying virus neutralising antibodies. Vaccine 2015, 34, 814 -822.
AMA StyleNicola Logan, Elizabeth McMonagle, Angharad A. Drew, Emi Takahashi, Michael McDonald, Michael D. Baron, Martin Gilbert, Sarah Cleaveland, Daniel T. Haydon, Margaret J. Hosie, Brian J. Willett. Efficient generation of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-pseudotypes bearing morbilliviral glycoproteins and their use in quantifying virus neutralising antibodies. Vaccine. 2015; 34 (6):814-822.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicola Logan; Elizabeth McMonagle; Angharad A. Drew; Emi Takahashi; Michael McDonald; Michael D. Baron; Martin Gilbert; Sarah Cleaveland; Daniel T. Haydon; Margaret J. Hosie; Brian J. Willett. 2015. "Efficient generation of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-pseudotypes bearing morbilliviral glycoproteins and their use in quantifying virus neutralising antibodies." Vaccine 34, no. 6: 814-822.
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cause of upper respiratory tract disease in cats worldwide. Its characteristically high mutation rate leads to escape from the humoral immune response induced by natural infection and/or vaccination and consequently vaccines are not always effective against field isolates. Thus, there is a need to continuously investigate the ability of FCV vaccine strain-induced antibodies to neutralize field isolates. Seventy-eight field isolates of FCV isolated during the years 2008–2012 from Swedish cats displaying clinical signs of upper respiratory tract disease were examined in this study. The field isolates were tested for cross-neutralization using a panel of eight anti-sera raised in four pairs of cats following infection with four vaccine strains (F9, 255, G1 and 431). The anti-sera raised against F9 and 255 neutralised 20.5 and 11.5 %, and 47.4 and 64.1 % of field isolates tested, respectively. The anti-sera against the more recently introduced vaccine strains G1 and 431 neutralized 33.3 and 70.5 % and 69.2 and 89.7 %, respectively. Dual vaccine strains displayed a higher cross-neutralization. This study confirms previous observations that more recently introduced vaccine strains induce antibodies with a higher neutralizing capacity compared to vaccine strains that have been used extensively over a long period of time. This study also suggests that dual FCV vaccine strains might neutralize more field isolates compared to single vaccine strains. Vaccine strains should ideally be selected based on updated knowledge on the antigenic properties of field isolates in the local setting, and there is thus a need for continuously studying the evolution of FCV together with the neutralizing capacity of vaccine strain induced antibodies against field isolates at a national and/or regional level.
Jonas Johansson Wensman; Ayman Samman; Anna Lindhe; Jean-Christophe Thibault; Louise Treiberg Berndtsson; Margaret J. Hosie. Ability of vaccine strain induced antibodies to neutralize field isolates of caliciviruses from Swedish cats. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2015, 57, 1 -5.
AMA StyleJonas Johansson Wensman, Ayman Samman, Anna Lindhe, Jean-Christophe Thibault, Louise Treiberg Berndtsson, Margaret J. Hosie. Ability of vaccine strain induced antibodies to neutralize field isolates of caliciviruses from Swedish cats. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 2015; 57 (1):1-5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJonas Johansson Wensman; Ayman Samman; Anna Lindhe; Jean-Christophe Thibault; Louise Treiberg Berndtsson; Margaret J. Hosie. 2015. "Ability of vaccine strain induced antibodies to neutralize field isolates of caliciviruses from Swedish cats." Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 57, no. 1: 1-5.