In this study, we examined the cyclic stability of Prussian blue (PB) films in electrolytes with acid. The cyclic stabilities of the PB films were investigated in K⁺ based electrolytes with different values of solution pH. The acidified KCl solution can significantly improve the durability of the film. Among the three pH values tested, the KCl solutions (pH = 2.15 and pH = 3.03) showed better performance. Furthermore, we investigated the cyclic stabilities of the PB films in LiClO₄/PC electrolyte containing different acids. We found that the cyclic stability of PB film was significantly improved when a small amount of acetic acid was dissolved in LiClO₄/PC electrolyte. The PB film exhibited stable optical modulation after up to 20,000 cycles in LiClO₄/PC electrolyte containing acetic acid—a much higher result than those of some literatures. This suggests that the addition of acetic acid to LiClO₄/PC electrolyte can promote the development of PB-based devices with improved stability.

During the past decades, fusion reactor fuels such as deuterium and tritium have been extensively investigated due to increasing interest in nuclear fusion energy. Tritium, which is scarce in nature, needs to be fabricated by tritium breeder materials. Among the commonly investigated tritium breeder materials, lithium titanate (Li₂TiO₃) is recognized as one of the most promising solid tritium breeder materials because of its considerable lithium (Li) atomic density, low activation, excellent chemical stability, and low-temperature tritium release performance. This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the current progress in Li₂TiO₃ preparation methods as well as the high Li density, tritium release performance, irradiation behavior, and modification technologies of Li₂TiO₃ pebbles. Li₂TiO₃ can be synthesized by strategies such as solid-state, sol–gel, hydrothermal, solution combustion synthesis, and co-precipitation methods. Among them, the hydrothermal method is promising due to its simplicity and low cost. Many researchers have begun to focus on composite ceramic pebbles to further improve tritium breeder performance. This will provide a new direction for the future development of Li₂TiO₃ pebbles. The present review concludes with a summary of the preparation methods currently under development and offers an outlook of future opportunities, which will inspire more in-depth investigation and promote the practical application of Li₂TiO₃ in this field.

In present paper, a novel flowable tritium breeder is prepared by mixing the Li₂TiO₃ micro-powders and liquid GaInSn alloy, where GaInSn alloy is used to simulate the fluid behaviors of lithium-based liquid tritium breeder, forming a type of composite characterized by liquid-solid dual phase. In detail, the effects of the volume fraction of ceramic micro-powders on viscosity and conductivity of the composite in magnetic field are the focus. The XRD results prove that the obtained Li₂TiO₃ micro-powders contained Li₂TiO₃ phase without impurities. The results shows that once the magnetic field intensity exceeds the critical value, the viscosity of liquid GaInSn metal becomes significantly greater than that of liquid-solid dual-phase composites. Furthermore, the addition of Li₂TiO₃ micro-powders could effectively reduce the magneto hydro dynamic (MHD) fluid effect, and the dual-phase composites exhibit comparatively lower flow resistance under the strong magnetic field. Moreover, the conductivity of the tritium breeder composites decreases rapidly with the addition of Li₂TiO₃ micro-powders. The MHD pressure-drop-increasing rate decreases with the increase of viscosity, which indicates that the addition of Li₂TiO₃ micro-powders effectively reduces the MHD effect. The conductivity of the composites increased slightly and then remained stable after static placing for several tens of minutes. The present investigation provides a novel insight into the fabrication strategy of tritium breeder materials with low MHD effect.

It is a consensus that anomalous behavior detection of marine vessels is critical for improving navigation efficiency and ensuring navigation safety. However, most conventional researches focused on the vessels sailing on a river or sea, where the intersection area of rivers is not highly concerned. In this paper, a novel method, which uses shore-based radar to obtain the position data of vessels in the intersecting area of rivers, is proposed to detect vessel anomalous behavior. Based on the shore-based radar data, we establish the definition model of judgment regions and the detection model of vessels behavior to detect different degrees of violation behavior of vessels entering and leaving the estuary of Liuwei. Compared with the traditional method based on the AIS data, the proposed method in this paper achieves higher accuracy and better engineering applicability.