The accumulation of CO2 emissions in the atmosphere is considered a major contributor to climate change. Consequently, it is essential to control the emissions generated by human activities to protect the environment for future generations. Many countries have set their own emission control targets to achieve by the middle of the century. In this context, it is important to quantify emissions from human activity and consider alternatives in order to reduce these emissions. This paper demonstrates a model for estimating life-cycle emissions resulting from an underground potable water-line project that could be used as a managerial decision support tool. The life cycle of the water pipeline is divided into different phases for the analysis. Different methods are used to estimate the emissions in each phase of the life cycle. The results indicate the life-cycle emissions from a demonstration 152.4-m (500-ft), 200-mm (8-in.)-diameter water pipeline at a representative 1.22-m (4-ft) depth range between 1,463.2...

The construction industry is responsible for more than 40% of the carbon emissions in the United States. These emissions are generated by energy, water, and materials consumed at different stages of the construction, maintenance, operation, and disposal processes and during the recycling and reusing of construction components as materials or biomass. Carbon-emission modeling is a complex procedure of process and footprint integration for different components either directly and indirectly associated with a service, product, material, or system at different phases. Prior research focused on each phase separately and/or supplemental information from alternative sources because of the lack of available data and information. Even though there are comprehensive lifecycle models covering every phase of a project, these models do not integrate existing models. The purpose of this study was to develop a comprehensive framework of building lifecycle carbon-emission modeling that would integrate existing mo...

This research examined how various green space layouts in an urban area affected the surrounding atmospheric air temperature that contributes to a heat island effect. The aim was to develop an understanding of whether this greenery arrangement had an influence on the urban heat island. Field measurements were taken for three different layouts: greenery surrounding a complex/building, greenery in the center of a complex/building, and greenery distributed over a complex/building. The study showed that in the presence of solar heat, there were significant temperature differences among the three layouts. The study showed that the sites with greenery in the middle of a complex generated the lowest urban heat island effect of the three layouts.

A large number of drainage pipes and canals in China have been in disrepair for a long time and there have been problems such as leakage and corrosion. In response to these problems, this paper studies a non-excavation technology for repairing the arched canal structure—the in-situ spraying method. To study the influence of the original canal structure on the mechanical characteristics of the lining structure by in-situ spraying and the restraint effect on the lining structure, a field model test with a similar ratio of 1:2 was conducted in the field test pit. By conducting four stages of three-point concentrated load loading tests, the mechanical characteristics of the lining structure were investigated to reveal the influence of the canal structure on the force of the lining structure. The test results show that: the maximum crack width of the newly added lining structure is 0.27 mm and the normal service ultimate bearing capacity of the arched structure repaired by H-70 reaches 150 kN; comparing the loading test and the numerical simulation results, the difference between the two vault displacement results is 4.65% and the results are relatively consistent. The displacement of the bottom of the lining structure is small and the participation of the bottom plate is small, while the displacement of the upper arch structure of the lining is significantly larger than the lateral displacement, indicating that the canal structure can effectively limit the lateral displacement of the newly added lining and that the canal structure is greatly reduced. The bending moment of the lining structure is improved and the restraint effect on the arch foot is more obvious. This paper proposes the use of H-70 to repair arched canal structures by the in-situ spraying method and seeks to prove the feasibility of this method and fill the gap of research in this area. This paper provides the structural design basis and experimental knowledge for the construction of the repair method, which has important practical significance for the pipeline repair project in the future.