One of the main command and control mechanisms for the environment is the environmental licensing process. However, the isolated adoption of this mechanism has not satisfactorily ensured the environmental quality of natural resources. On the other hand, an increasing number of organizations are voluntarily adhering to good environmental practices. As a result, approximating the relationship between command and control instruments (state regulation) and good practices becomes increasingly important for improving the environmental performance of organizations. Within this context, the present work proposes to evaluate how good environmental practices can strengthen and advance current environmental licensing models adopted in South America. This research consists of an exploratory case study, conducted with a qualitative approach. Several countries in South America were evaluated because of the great natural resources that the region has, as well as the European Economic Community, due to their adoption of the so-called “best available techniques” of environmental management since 1996. The results of the study indicated that voluntary adherence to international environmental management standards has evolved in the analyzed countries and that environmental agencies in South American countries could establish legal bases to consolidate the inclusion of good environmental practices in environmental licensing processes. It was also observed that some benefits could be given to organizations that implement good environmental practices, such as granting of licenses with extended terms; debureaucratization (with time gain) of administrative procedures; exemption or reduction of fees; and facilitation of financing. This study could thus support debates for the effective advancement of the current environmental licensing model. However, this hypothesis must be evaluated and consolidated through further research, carried out individually for each country analyzed.

The planning and application of public policies in the panorama of the right to adequate food stands out for the development of the food supply of the Brazilian population. However, it is questionable whether these public policies have been effective in contributing to adequate nutrition. The aim of this article is to study the effectiveness of public food security policies in Brazil between 2012 and 2022. Also, urban agriculture is analyzed as an alternative food policy that can be carried out by the population, and contributes to the use of urban space. To understand the country’s food security situation and the effectiveness of public policies in avoiding a scenario of hunger and insecurity, the hypothetical-deductive method and the technique of bibliographical and documentary research are used, together with the theoretical framework in the theory of the cycle of public policies. It is concluded that the public policies developed were gradually weakened, and that between 2019 and 2022, the Brazilian government took measures discouraging the implementation of food policies. Brazil, with disjointed policies, facing the pandemic and an economic crisis, is in a situation of food insecurity and has portions of the population in a situation of hunger.

A legislação florestal brasileira, principal instrumento legal sobre proteção e restauração da vegetação natural, sofreu significativas mudanças nas últimas décadas. Tais mudanças afetam diretamente os biomas do país. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar se, com a edição da Lei Estadual nº 18.104, de 18/07/2013, houve alteração na composição da cobertura vegetal na região da Chapada dos Veadeiros – Goiás, no período de 2008 até 2018, que corresponde aos cinco anos anteriores e posteriores à promulgação da referida lei. Foi adotada uma metodologia quantitativa na qual as hipóteses são testadas a partir da coleta de dados, baseando-se em variáveis que possuem medição numérica. Buscou-se fazer uma análise estatística para configurar padrões de modo a comprovar ou refutar a hipótese de que a Lei Florestal afetou as diferentes tipologias vegetais na região da Chapada dos Veadeiros. Foi verificada uma tendência de redução das áreas de formação savânicas e campestre na região estudada e aumentos significativos das áreas cobertas por florestas plantadas, pastagens e agricultura. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas estatisticamente nas áreas com formação florestal. Esses resultados apontam que a edição da Lei nº 18.104/2013 pode ter favorecido alterações nas áreas cobertas por diferentes tipologias vegetais na região da Chapada dos Veadeiros – Goiás, reduzindo áreas de formação savânica e campestre e ampliando áreas cobertas por florestas plantadas, pastagens e agricultura.

Purpose: To present the theories of land rent and compare them with data from the last 30 years regarding the price of national rural lands. Theoretical framework: The research uses the theories of land rent as a theoretical framework. Method/design/approach: The investigation aimed to be applied and descriptive. Bibliographic and documentary research were used as methodological procedures Results and conclusion: The productivity in the field, the price of commodities in the international market, the participation of agribusiness in exports and even the resources granted as rural credit, alone, cannot explain the appreciation that the national rural land passes through, but indicate that if observed together, they can be considered relevant variables to understand the behavior of the Brazilian rural real estate market. Research implications: The factors that may influence Brazilian land income were investigated. Thus, the study begins with the teachings of the classical authors David Ricardo and Karl Marx. From the 1950s onwards, with the perception that land prices grew more intensely than the productive gains earned, the considerations of the Brazilian economist Guilherme Delgado are also brought up. Originality/value: Brazil is a country whose economy is historically based on agro-exports. As the field has high national relevance, it is important to analyze the behavior of Brazilian rural land prices.

A agricultura familiar detém grande relevância produtiva, econômica, social e cultural no país, mas ainda conta com grandes dificuldades de se inserir no mercado capitalista altamente competitivo. A economia solidária visa ser um contraponto a esse sistema econômico vigente, pois se baseia no desenvolvimento econômico amparado na cooperação entre as pessoas, na autogestão dos empreendimentos e na busca por uma forma de vida melhor de seus participantes. O objetivo do estudo foi trazer algumas características da economia solidária no Brasil e como ela pode ser instrumento impulsionador e de apoio ao progresso da agricultura familiar. Realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com coleta de informações em renomadas bases de dados nacionais, como o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e o Sistema de Informação em Economia Solidária (SIES). Percebeu-se que a agricultura familiar escoa seus produtos principalmente pela venda direta aos consumidores, que seus mercados são locais e a falta de capital de giro é sua dificuldade prevalecente.

RESUMO: No Brasil as chamadas Unidades de Conservação (UCs), são áreas com limites territoriais estabelecidos por Lei, abrangendo recursos ambientais destinados à conservação. Partindo da preocupação com a efetividade das unidades de conversação devido a não participação da população local na gestão, nesse trabalho realizou-se um levantamento do conhecimento dos residentes de uma UC acerca dos objetivos desta e dos usos da biodiversidade e dos recursos hídricos. A UC estudada foi a Área de Proteção Ambiental dos Pireneus na intersecção dos Municípios goianos de Pirenópolis, Corumbá de Goiás e Cocalzinho de Goiás. Para coleta dos dados foram utilizados questionários, que posteriormente foram categorizados e estatisticamente analisados. Verificou-se que poucos entrevistados souberam ao certo as funcionalidades da APA dos Pireneus e que existe muita confusão conceitual por parte da população residente na APA. [Principal Contribuição] Constatou-se a importância da divulgação da APA pelo poder público e a necessidade de integração da população local no processo de gestão da unidade. In Brazil the Protected Areas calls (PAs), are areas with boundaries established by law, including environmental resources for conservation. Starting from the concern about the effectiveness of protected areas due to non participation of local people in management, in this work we carried out a survey of the knowledge of residents of a UC about the objectives of this and about the uses of biodiversity and water resources. The PA studied was the Environmental Protection Area of the Pirineus at the intersection of Municipalities of Goiás, Pirenópolis, Corumbá de Goiás and Cocalzinho of Goiás. Questionnaires were used to collect data, which were then categorized and analyzed statistically. It was found that few respondents knew what were the functions of the APA Pirineus and there is much conceptual confusion on the part of the resident population in the APA. [Main Contribution] It was noted the importance of disseminating the APA by the government and the need for integration of local people in protected area management process.