We study the robust finite‐time leader–follower output consensus problems for second‐order multiagent systems (MASs) with mismatched disturbances. For mismatched disturbance, the mismatched disturbance observer is used for each follower to estimate the mismatched disturbance in finite time. Then a backstepping control protocol is constructed via Lyapunov finite‐time stability theorem, and we can prove that the output consensus tracking with strong robustness can be reached for the considered MAS in finite time if the communication topology includes a directed spanning tree, where the leader is the root. Finally, we use two simulation examples to illustrate the correctness of the theoretical results.

Conductive gel needs to be applied between the skin and standard medical electrodes when monitoring electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, but this can cause skin irritation, particularly during long-term monitoring. Fabric electrodes are flexible, breathable, and capable of sensing ECG signals without conductive gel. The objective of this study was to design and fabricate a circular fabric electrode using weaving technology. To optimize the woven fabric electrode, electrodes of different diameter, fabric weave, and weft density were devised, and the AC impedance, open-circuit voltage, and static ECG signal were measured and comprehensively evaluated. Diameter of 4 cm, 12/5 sateen, and weft density of 46 picks/cm were concluded as the appropriate parameters of the fabric electrode. ECG signals in swinging, squatting, and rotating states were compared between the woven fabric electrode and the standard medical electrode. The results showed that the characteristic waveform of the woven fabric electrode with 86.7% improved data was more obvious than that of the standard medical electrode. This work provides reference data that will be helpful for commercializing the integration of fabric electrodes into smart textiles.

This paper investigates a modified modeling of networked control systems (NCSs) with programmable logic controller (PLC). First, the controller-to-actuator and sensor-to-controller network-induced delays are investigated by a modeling tactics based on hierarchical coloured petri net (HCPN) in a structure-conserving way. Comparing with the recent result, the signal transmission delay is set in a random interval instead of a fixed mode; moreover, the data packet drop out and disorder are also taken into consideration. Second, delays captured form CPN tools are analyzed with a strategy based on Baum–Welch algorithm and statistics science. Besides, time delays are modeled as a Markov chain and the transition probabilities is calculated using the consequent from the previous operation. Finally, a comparison verification illustrates the equivalence property between proposed models.

1. Among the numerous dye pollutants that contaminate water, primarily from the textile dyeing and printing industry, anionic organic dyes are particularly harmful. Their toxicity to a wide range o...

 In the mobile edge computing scenario, intelligent terminal devices can reduce the waiting delay by offloading the computing task to a server. The offloading scheme’s optimization has been proven an NP-hard problem. The heuristic algorithms, including evolutionary algorithms, are widely used to search for the optimal scheme. User experience is mainly limited by energy consumption and time delay. Most existing research results combine it linearly into a single objective or focus on the optimal solution in a specific area. Based on this, this paper proposes an adaptive multitasking evolutionary optimization algorithm, which considers multiple independent areas to be optimized. It abstracts the task offloading system model in each area as a multi-objective programming problem, aiming at minimizing the average energy consumption and delay of intelligent devices. By learning the user distribution and the similarity of tasks to be processed in different areas dynamically to adjust the degree of population communication, the convergence has been sped up. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by a set of instances.

With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, smart home users can access and control smart devices remotely to enjoy convenient and efficient services. However, sensitive data collected by smart devices is vulnerable to attacks such as eavesdropping and simulation when transmitted through public channels. At the same time, the security of resource-constrained smart devices is low, and attackers may use the controlled devices to carry out malicious operations further. To address the aforementioned existing security issues, this paper proposes a lightweight user anonymous authentication scheme for resource-constrained smart home environments. At the same time, the security analysis is carried out to further prove the proposed scheme's security. Finally, the performance analysis between the proposed scheme and the existing similar schemes proves that the proposed scheme has advantages in calculation cost and safety characteristics.