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Dr. IOANNIS ANASTOPOULOS
Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus

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0 Adsorption
0 Climate Change
0 Dyes
0 Heavy Metals
0 Pharmaceuticals

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Adsorption
Heavy Metals
Dyes
Wastewater Treatment
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Journal article
Published: 16 August 2021 in Sustainability
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To achieve sustainability, it is necessary to use proper treatment methods to reduce the pollutant loads of receiving waters. This study investigates the coagulative reduction of turbidity, COD, BOD and colour from aquaculture wastewater (AW) using a novel Garcinia kola seeds coagulant (GKC). This coagulant was obtained from extraction of Garcinia kola seeds and analysed for its spectral and morphological characteristics through FTIR and SEM. The kinetics of coagulation-flocculation were also investigated in terms of total dissolved and suspended solids (TDSP). The seeds had 11.27% protein and 68.33% carbohydrate, showing usability in adsorption/charges neutralisation as a coagulant to reduce particles. Maximal turbidity reduction = 81.93%, COD = 75.03%, BOD = 72.84% and colour = 56.69% at 0.3 g GKC/L, pH 2, 60 min and 303 K were achieved. Von Smoluchowski’s second-order peri-kinetics theory was used to fit the results, giving R2 > 0.9. At a coagulation order (α) of 2, the reaction rate (KC) and half-life (τS1/2) were 0.0003 L/g·min and 25.3 min at the optimal conditions. The sorption data better fit the Lagergren compared to the Ho adsorption model. Furthermore, the net cost of using GKC to handle 1 L of AW (including electricity and material costs) was calculated to be 1.57 EUR, and the costs of 0.3 g/L GKC preparation and energy were 0.27 and 1.30 EUR, respectively. In summary, these seeds can be used to pre-treat AW.

ACS Style

Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe; Joshua O. Ighalo; Okechukwu Dominic Onukwuli; Ifeoma Amaoge Obiora-Okafo; Ioannis Anastopoulos. Coagulation-Flocculation of Aquaculture Wastewater Using Green Coagulant from Garcinia kola Seeds: Parametric Studies, Kinetic Modelling and Cost Analysis. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9177 .

AMA Style

Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe, Joshua O. Ighalo, Okechukwu Dominic Onukwuli, Ifeoma Amaoge Obiora-Okafo, Ioannis Anastopoulos. Coagulation-Flocculation of Aquaculture Wastewater Using Green Coagulant from Garcinia kola Seeds: Parametric Studies, Kinetic Modelling and Cost Analysis. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9177.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe; Joshua O. Ighalo; Okechukwu Dominic Onukwuli; Ifeoma Amaoge Obiora-Okafo; Ioannis Anastopoulos. 2021. "Coagulation-Flocculation of Aquaculture Wastewater Using Green Coagulant from Garcinia kola Seeds: Parametric Studies, Kinetic Modelling and Cost Analysis." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9177.

Research article
Published: 31 May 2021 in Separation Science and Technology
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Chemical modification of chitosanwas successfully carried out using 2,3-dihydroxy-benzaldehyde by a chemical condensation reaction. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area,Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-Ray Diffraction methods were performed for characterization of the chitosan-derived Schiff base adsorbent material. The prepared adsorbent’s efficiency in removing Rhodamine B dye from aqueous solution was explored, and experimental data were analyzed using isothermal and kinetic models. The BET surface area of chemically modified chitosan was greatly enhanced 125.8 m2g−1 with mesoporous characteristics. The maximum uptake was recorded at pH 8, while the maximum removal capacity was 233.4 mg g−1(25°C). The kinetic data were better fitted using nonlinear pseudo-first-order.

ACS Style

Ioannis Alakhras; Hassan Ouachtak; Hassan Alhajri; Rabia Rehman; Ghassab Al-Mazaideh; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Eder C. Lima. Adsorptive Removal of Cationic Rhodamine B Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Chitosan-Derived Schiff Base. Separation Science and Technology 2021, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Ioannis Alakhras, Hassan Ouachtak, Hassan Alhajri, Rabia Rehman, Ghassab Al-Mazaideh, Ioannis Anastopoulos, Eder C. Lima. Adsorptive Removal of Cationic Rhodamine B Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Chitosan-Derived Schiff Base. Separation Science and Technology. 2021; ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ioannis Alakhras; Hassan Ouachtak; Hassan Alhajri; Rabia Rehman; Ghassab Al-Mazaideh; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Eder C. Lima. 2021. "Adsorptive Removal of Cationic Rhodamine B Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Chitosan-Derived Schiff Base." Separation Science and Technology , no. : 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 25 April 2021 in Coatings
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In this work, biomass obtained from seeds (S-MO) and leaves (L-MO) of the Moringa oleifera plant were used as low-cost biosorbents to remove the Pb(II), Cd(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) from aqueous solutions. The biosorption of the heavy metal ions was done using the batch technique. The effects of contact time (30–1440 min), biosorbent dosage (10–50 g/L) (0.1–0.5 g), and initial concentration of metals (10–500 mg/L) on the sorption capacity of metal ions were investigated. The S-MO and L-MO samples’ characterization was performed using pHpzc, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). It was found that the pHpzc was notably different between the seeds and leave-derived biosorbents. The removal process’s experimental kinetic data for both S-MO and L-MO were best described by the pseudo-second-order model for all metal ions, with R2 above 0.997 in all cases. Langmuir and Freundlich’s models were also used to analyze the isotherms parameters. Based on the Langmuir model, the maximum sorption capacities (Qm) for L-MO were found as follows: L-MO-Pb > L-MO-Cd > L-MO-Co ≥ L-MO-Ni, and for S-MO, the values of Qm values presented the following order: S-MO-Pb > S-MO-Co > S-MO-Cd > S-MO-Ni.

ACS Style

Mohamed Abatal; M. Olguin; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Dimitrios Giannakoudakis; Eder Lima; Joel Vargas; Claudia Aguilar. Comparison of Heavy Metals Removal from Aqueous Solution by Moringa oleifera Leaves and Seeds. Coatings 2021, 11, 508 .

AMA Style

Mohamed Abatal, M. Olguin, Ioannis Anastopoulos, Dimitrios Giannakoudakis, Eder Lima, Joel Vargas, Claudia Aguilar. Comparison of Heavy Metals Removal from Aqueous Solution by Moringa oleifera Leaves and Seeds. Coatings. 2021; 11 (5):508.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed Abatal; M. Olguin; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Dimitrios Giannakoudakis; Eder Lima; Joel Vargas; Claudia Aguilar. 2021. "Comparison of Heavy Metals Removal from Aqueous Solution by Moringa oleifera Leaves and Seeds." Coatings 11, no. 5: 508.

Review article
Published: 22 April 2021 in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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This review specifically deals with the latest advances in the application of nanotechnologies and nanocomposites for remediation of arsenic (As)-contaminated water and soil. Remediation mechanisms generally include physicochemical adsorption and (photo)chemical redox reactions and filtration. Recently, various types of engineered organic/inorganic nanocomposites have been designed in membrane forms, embedded structures, or composites with extraordinary physical-chemical properties, and outstanding capacity for removal or immobilization of As in contaminated sites. In the present article, we give an overview of engineered nanomaterials developed recently (2017–2021) and their interaction mechanisms with As in contaminated water and soil. Emerging approaches include the development of bio-nanocomposites and nanomaterials that show both oxidative and adsorptive capacities. For the first time, we set out to perform a comprehensive assessment of the advantages of nanomaterials in As-contaminated soils with the focus on the mechanisms of decreasing bioavailability and leaching of As. Although great researches have been developed, serious study gaps and a new direction to future researches have been identified.

ACS Style

Leila Alidokht; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Dimitrios Ntarlagiannis; Pantelis Soupios; Bassam Tawabini; Dimitrios Kalderis; Alireza Khataee. Recent advances in the application of nanomaterials for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water and soil. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2021, 9, 105533 .

AMA Style

Leila Alidokht, Ioannis Anastopoulos, Dimitrios Ntarlagiannis, Pantelis Soupios, Bassam Tawabini, Dimitrios Kalderis, Alireza Khataee. Recent advances in the application of nanomaterials for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water and soil. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2021; 9 (4):105533.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Leila Alidokht; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Dimitrios Ntarlagiannis; Pantelis Soupios; Bassam Tawabini; Dimitrios Kalderis; Alireza Khataee. 2021. "Recent advances in the application of nanomaterials for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated water and soil." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, no. 4: 105533.

Communication
Published: 08 February 2021 in Water
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The existence of SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in wastewater raises the opportunity of tracking wastewater for epidemiological monitoring of this disease. However, the existence of this virus in wastewater has raised health concerns regarding the fecal–oral transmission of COVID-19. This short review is intended to highlight the potential implications of aerosolized wastewater in transmitting this virus. As aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 could offer a more direct respiratory pathway for human exposure, the transmission of this virus remains a significant possibility in the prominent wastewater-associated bioaerosols formed during toilet flushing, wastewater treatment, and sprinkler irrigation. Implementing wastewater disinfection, exercising precautions, and raising public awareness would be essential. Additional research is needed to evaluate the survival, fate, and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and the environment and rapid characterization of aerosols and their risk assessment.

ACS Style

Muhammad Usman; Muhammad Farooq; Muhammad Farooq; Ioannis Anastopoulos. Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in Aerosolized Wastewater: Toilet Flushing, Wastewater Treatment, and Sprinkler Irrigation. Water 2021, 13, 436 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad Farooq, Ioannis Anastopoulos. Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in Aerosolized Wastewater: Toilet Flushing, Wastewater Treatment, and Sprinkler Irrigation. Water. 2021; 13 (4):436.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Usman; Muhammad Farooq; Muhammad Farooq; Ioannis Anastopoulos. 2021. "Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in Aerosolized Wastewater: Toilet Flushing, Wastewater Treatment, and Sprinkler Irrigation." Water 13, no. 4: 436.

Journal article
Published: 04 February 2021 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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The removal of uranium species from aqueous phases using non-hazardous chemicals is still an open challenge, and remediation by adsorption is a prosperous strategy. Among the most crucial concerns regarding the design of an efficient material as adsorbent are, except the cost and the green character, the feasibility to be stable and effective under acidic pH, and to selectively adsorb the desired metal ion (e.g. uranium). Herein, we present a phosphonate functionalized ordered mesoporous silica (OMS-P), prepared by a one-step co-condensation synthesis. The physicochemical features of the material were determined by HR-TEM, XPS, EDX, N2 sorption, and solid NMR, while the surface zeta potential was also measured. The removal efficiency was evaluated at two different temperatures (20 and 50 °C) in acidic environment to avoid interferences like solid phase formation or carbonate complexation and the adsorption isotherms, including data fitting with Langmuir and Freundlich models and thermodynamic parameters are presented and discussed. The high and homogeneous dispersion of the phosphonate groups within the entire silica’s structure led to the greatest reported up-todays capacity (345 mg/g) at pH = 4, which was achieved in less than 10 min. Additionally, OMS-P showed that the co-presence of other polyvalent cation like Eu(III) did not affect the efficiency of adsorption, which occurs via inner-sphere complex formation. The comparison to the non-functionalized silica (OMS) revealed that the key feature towards an efficient, stable, and selective removal of the U(VI) species is the specific surface chemistry rather than the textural and structural features. Based on all the results and spectroscopic validations of surface adsorbed U(VI), the main interactions responsible for the elevated uranium removal were proposed.

ACS Style

Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Mariusz Barczak; Εvita Αntoniou; Konrad Terpiłowski; Elmira Mohammadi; Mahmoud Shams; Emerson Coy; Aristides Bakandritsos; Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis; Juan Carlos Colmenares; Ioannis Pashalidis. Enhanced uranium removal from acidic wastewater by phosphonate-functionalized ordered mesoporous silica: Surface chemistry matters the most. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2021, 413, 125279 .

AMA Style

Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis, Ioannis Anastopoulos, Mariusz Barczak, Εvita Αntoniou, Konrad Terpiłowski, Elmira Mohammadi, Mahmoud Shams, Emerson Coy, Aristides Bakandritsos, Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis, Juan Carlos Colmenares, Ioannis Pashalidis. Enhanced uranium removal from acidic wastewater by phosphonate-functionalized ordered mesoporous silica: Surface chemistry matters the most. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2021; 413 ():125279.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Mariusz Barczak; Εvita Αntoniou; Konrad Terpiłowski; Elmira Mohammadi; Mahmoud Shams; Emerson Coy; Aristides Bakandritsos; Ioannis A. Katsoyiannis; Juan Carlos Colmenares; Ioannis Pashalidis. 2021. "Enhanced uranium removal from acidic wastewater by phosphonate-functionalized ordered mesoporous silica: Surface chemistry matters the most." Journal of Hazardous Materials 413, no. : 125279.

Short communication
Published: 05 January 2021 in Journal of Molecular Liquids
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Millions of people are using face coverings (including single-use surgical face masks) as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and a large number of used masks, particularly single-use masks enter uncontrolled the environment since most of the users have little information on how to dispose of them safely. This new important waste is a potential source of microplastics, which is found nowadays in many parks, streets, and coastlines. Discarded masks will be finally drained to the ocean polluting the marine environment and threatening marine life. This short communication examines the role of face masks and subsequently mask-derived microplastics as pollutant carriers in environmental compartments (e.g. hydrosphere, biosphere, etc.) by investigating their sorption characteristics regarding dye molecules. In this context, batch-type equilibrium experiments were performed and the effect of different sorption parameters has been explored (i.e. contact time and temperature). The results show that single-use surgical face masks can act as dye carriers (Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet and Malachite Green) in the aquatic environment. In addition, preliminary experiments on the thermal treatment of face masks and the use of the resulting carbonaceous material as efficient adsorbent have been performed, pointing out a possibility for used mask disinfection and recycling.

ACS Style

Ioannis Anastopoulos; Ioannis Pashalidis. Single-use surgical face masks, as a potential source of microplastics: Do they act as pollutant carriers? Journal of Molecular Liquids 2021, 326, 115247 -115247.

AMA Style

Ioannis Anastopoulos, Ioannis Pashalidis. Single-use surgical face masks, as a potential source of microplastics: Do they act as pollutant carriers? Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2021; 326 ():115247-115247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ioannis Anastopoulos; Ioannis Pashalidis. 2021. "Single-use surgical face masks, as a potential source of microplastics: Do they act as pollutant carriers?" Journal of Molecular Liquids 326, no. : 115247-115247.

Short communication
Published: 23 November 2020 in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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In the literature, the linear form of the pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) models are often applied for fitting the data of adsorption kinetics. Many authors have applied the linear form of the PSO model and concluded that such a kinetics is better fitted, based on the values of adsorption capacity at the equilibrium (qe) and the high value (which should be close to 1.0) of the coefficient of determination (R2). The linearized PFO model is usually ruled-out because the values of qe and R2 are worse than those obtained by the linearized PSO. On the other hand, the nonlinear fitting of data is highly recommended for the use of equations that are not typically linear such as kinetics data. In this communication, the data of 52 articles (containing 225 experiments of adsorption kinetics) were collected, and the kinetic data were treated using the linear and nonlinear PFO and PSO models. Results indicated that the values of k2 (the rate constant of the PSO model) calculated from the nonlinear fitting method were quite different from those acquired from the linear one. However, the values of qe2 (adsorption capacity at the equilibrium of the PSO model) are in complete agreement, which induces users to an erroneous decision. Using a linearized kinetic model, all the 225 values of R2 of the PSO model were closer to 1.0 than PFO. However, when nonlinearized fitting of the data was used, 122 out of 225 cases (54.22%) showed that the nonlinear PFO is better fitted than the PSO kinetic model.

ACS Style

Eder C. Lima; Farooq Sher; Ashish Guleria; Mohammad Reza Saeb; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Hai Nguyen Tran; Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei. Is one performing the treatment data of adsorption kinetics correctly? Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2020, 9, 104813 .

AMA Style

Eder C. Lima, Farooq Sher, Ashish Guleria, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Ioannis Anastopoulos, Hai Nguyen Tran, Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei. Is one performing the treatment data of adsorption kinetics correctly? Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2020; 9 (2):104813.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eder C. Lima; Farooq Sher; Ashish Guleria; Mohammad Reza Saeb; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Hai Nguyen Tran; Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei. 2020. "Is one performing the treatment data of adsorption kinetics correctly?" Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, no. 2: 104813.

Review article
Published: 21 October 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Adsorption is an effective technology for wastewater treatment processes. Activated carbons are the adsorbent materials traditionally used in most of the applications but sometimes their use is limited due to the high-cost of synthesis/production and for their partial or difficult regenerability. For these reasons, scientists have turned their interest in synthesizing new and cheaper composites materials with efficient adsorptive properties. In this scenario, layered double hydroxides/biochar composites (LDHs-biochar) have attracted a great interest due to their elevated adsorption performances for a wide spectrum of pollutants, deriving from the synergistic effects arising upon the combination of LDHs with biochar. This review article focuses on the application of LDHs-biochar composites for the removal of pollutants of different nature (i.e. heavy metals, dyes, phosphate, etc.) from aqueous matrixes. Specific emphasis is given to the synthesis and characterization of these materials. Equilibrium and kinetic data are presented together with their modeling analysis and further insights about the thermodynamics of the adsorption are also provided. A specific insight into adsorption mechanisms, including the interpretation of the interactions between the solid matrix and the contaminants, was considered in this review. The review indicated that LDHs-biochar composites are promising materials that can be proficiently applied to wastewater treatment in terms of efficiency and costs demands. However, there is still a need of research efforts in order to establish this class of materials as proficient adsorbents to remove critical contaminants.

ACS Style

Grazielle Emanuella De Souza Dos Santos; Pollyanna Vanessa Dos Santos Lins; Leonardo Mendonça Tenório De Magalhães Oliveira; Elenara Oliveira da Silva; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Alessandro Erto; Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis; André Ricardo Felkl de Almeida; José Leandro Da Silva Duarte; Lucas Meili. Layered double hydroxides/biochar composites as adsorbents for water remediation applications: recent trends and perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 284, 124755 .

AMA Style

Grazielle Emanuella De Souza Dos Santos, Pollyanna Vanessa Dos Santos Lins, Leonardo Mendonça Tenório De Magalhães Oliveira, Elenara Oliveira da Silva, Ioannis Anastopoulos, Alessandro Erto, Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis, André Ricardo Felkl de Almeida, José Leandro Da Silva Duarte, Lucas Meili. Layered double hydroxides/biochar composites as adsorbents for water remediation applications: recent trends and perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 284 ():124755.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Grazielle Emanuella De Souza Dos Santos; Pollyanna Vanessa Dos Santos Lins; Leonardo Mendonça Tenório De Magalhães Oliveira; Elenara Oliveira da Silva; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Alessandro Erto; Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis; André Ricardo Felkl de Almeida; José Leandro Da Silva Duarte; Lucas Meili. 2020. "Layered double hydroxides/biochar composites as adsorbents for water remediation applications: recent trends and perspectives." Journal of Cleaner Production 284, no. : 124755.

Journal article
Published: 02 October 2020 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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The direct disposal of municipal solid waste such as nappies to the environment may create serious pollution problems. Based on the circular economy and waste management concepts, the conversion of nappies and/or their ingredients (such as Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)) to high added value products is of great importance. In this work, a modified SAP (MSAP) was examined as an adsorbent for treatment of contaminated waters and uranium recovery. Batch experiments and spectroscopic techniques were used to examine the effect of various parameters (pH, contact time, temperature, initial concentration, and ionic strength), and the mechanism of adsorption U(VI) and desorption process. The U(VI) concentration was determined by alpha spectroscopy after addition of 232U standard tracer solution to account for possible interferences during electrodeposition and alpha particle counting. The maximum adsorption monolayer capacity was found to be 217.4 mg/g at pH 4.0 and at 298 K. The adsorption of U(VI) on MSAP seems to occur mainly via the formation of inner-sphere surface complexes between U(VI) and the carboxylic surface moieties of MSAP. The MSAP could satisfactorily be regenerated with 0.1 M Na2CO3 (>90%) and it also shows a promising applicability to real wastewaters contaminated with U(VI).

ACS Style

Ioannis Anastopoulos; Jelena V. Milojković; Konstantina Tsigkou; Constantina Zafiri; Zorica R. Lopičić; Michael Kornaros; Ioannis Pashalidis. A nappies management by-product for the treatment of uranium-contaminated waters. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 404, 124147 .

AMA Style

Ioannis Anastopoulos, Jelena V. Milojković, Konstantina Tsigkou, Constantina Zafiri, Zorica R. Lopičić, Michael Kornaros, Ioannis Pashalidis. A nappies management by-product for the treatment of uranium-contaminated waters. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 404 ():124147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ioannis Anastopoulos; Jelena V. Milojković; Konstantina Tsigkou; Constantina Zafiri; Zorica R. Lopičić; Michael Kornaros; Ioannis Pashalidis. 2020. "A nappies management by-product for the treatment of uranium-contaminated waters." Journal of Hazardous Materials 404, no. : 124147.

Review article
Published: 14 September 2020 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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The heavy metal pollution is a worldwide problem and has received a serious concern for the ecosystem and human health. In the last decade, remediation of the agricultural polluted soil has attracted great attention. Phytoremediation is one of the technologies that effectively alleviate heavy metal toxicity, however, this technique is limited to many factors contributing to low plant growth rate and nature of metal toxicities. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) assisted alleviation of heavy metal phytotoxicity is a cost-effective and environment-friendly strategy. AMF have a symbiotic relationship with the host plant. The bidirectional exchange of resources is a hallmark and also a functional necessity in mycorrhizal symbiosis. During the last few years, a significant progress in both physiological and molecular mechanisms regarding roles of AMF in the alleviation of heavy metals (HMs) toxicities in plants, acquisition of nutrients, and improving plant performance under toxic conditions of HMs has been well studied. This review summarized the current knowledge regarding AMF assisted remediation of heavy metals and some of the strategies used by mycorrhizal fungi to cope with stressful environments. Moreover, this review provides the information of both molecular and physiological responses of mycorrhizal plants as well as AMF to heavy metal stress which could be helpful for exploring new insight into the mechanisms of HMs remediation by utilizing AMF.

ACS Style

Muhammad Riaz; Muhammad Kamran; Yizeng Fang; Qianqian Wang; Huayuan Cao; Guoling Yang; Lulu Deng; Youjuan Wang; Yaoyu Zhou; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Xiurong Wang. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-induced mitigation of heavy metal phytotoxicity in metal contaminated soils: A critical review. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2020, 402, 123919 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Kamran, Yizeng Fang, Qianqian Wang, Huayuan Cao, Guoling Yang, Lulu Deng, Youjuan Wang, Yaoyu Zhou, Ioannis Anastopoulos, Xiurong Wang. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-induced mitigation of heavy metal phytotoxicity in metal contaminated soils: A critical review. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2020; 402 ():123919.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Riaz; Muhammad Kamran; Yizeng Fang; Qianqian Wang; Huayuan Cao; Guoling Yang; Lulu Deng; Youjuan Wang; Yaoyu Zhou; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Xiurong Wang. 2020. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-induced mitigation of heavy metal phytotoxicity in metal contaminated soils: A critical review." Journal of Hazardous Materials 402, no. : 123919.

Review article
Published: 22 August 2020 in Journal of Molecular Liquids
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Adsorption is considered to be a simple, low cost, and effective technique to decontaminate polluted (waste)water. A lot of research has been done on the application of commercial activated carbon, a traditional adsorbent, that gives satisfactory results but its application is restricted due to high commercial costs. For this purpose, researchers, based also on the concept of green chemistry and circular economy, turn their efforts to finding other adsorbents that are economical, eco-friendly, and abundant. Luffa cylindrica has many applications in medicinal, industrial, and cosmetic sectors. This review article focuses on the alternative use of Luffa biomass (prior and after chemical modification) in the (waste)water treatment process. Specific emphasis is given to the effect of adsorption parameters (such as initial concentration, solution pH, contact time, that affected the adsorption process and on the thermodynamic of the adsorption. Adsorption isotherms and kinetic modeling are also presented and discussed. The adsorption capacities estimated to lie between 2.335 mg/g and 714 mg/g for toxic metals, 9.63 mg/g and 210.97 mg/g for dyes, and 9.25 mg/g and 278 mg/g for emerging pollutants.

ACS Style

Ioannis Anastopoulos; Ioannis Pashalidis. Environmental applications of Luffa cylindrica-based adsorbents. Journal of Molecular Liquids 2020, 319, 114127 .

AMA Style

Ioannis Anastopoulos, Ioannis Pashalidis. Environmental applications of Luffa cylindrica-based adsorbents. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2020; 319 ():114127.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ioannis Anastopoulos; Ioannis Pashalidis. 2020. "Environmental applications of Luffa cylindrica-based adsorbents." Journal of Molecular Liquids 319, no. : 114127.

Journal article
Published: 15 August 2020 in Journal of Molecular Liquids
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Vanadium oxide nanoparticles (VO2-NPs) were synthesized and utilized as an adsorbent against methylene blue (MB) from aqueous environment. Three substantial variables, pH, mixing time, and VO2 dose, were considered in the process modeling accomplished by Box-Behnken design (BBD). The quadratic model revealed that the VO2-NPs dose plays the most significant role. The model optimization predicts a 96.3% MB removal when pH, VO2 NPs dosage, and contact time were adjusted to 6, 0.5 g/L, and 30 min, respectively. The sorption capacity of VO2-NPs raised rapidly from 49.6 mg/g to 235.7 mg/g by increasing the initial MB concentration from 25 to 200 mg/L, respectively. The best fitted kinetic model was the pseudo-second order, while the well fitted Langmuir model showed a qmax of 240.5 mg/g. The study of the temperature effect revealed that increase of the temperature had a positive impact on the removal efficiency.

ACS Style

Mohammad Hossien Saghi; Mehdi Qasemi; Hosein Alidadi; Ahmad Alahabadi; Ayoob Rastegar; Mohammad Hassan Kowsari; Mahmoud Shams; Mohammad Aziznezhad; Elaheh K. Goharshadi; Mariusz Barczak; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis. Vanadium oxide nanoparticles for methylene blue water remediation: Exploring the effect of physicochemical parameters by process modeling. Journal of Molecular Liquids 2020, 318, 114046 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Hossien Saghi, Mehdi Qasemi, Hosein Alidadi, Ahmad Alahabadi, Ayoob Rastegar, Mohammad Hassan Kowsari, Mahmoud Shams, Mohammad Aziznezhad, Elaheh K. Goharshadi, Mariusz Barczak, Ioannis Anastopoulos, Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis. Vanadium oxide nanoparticles for methylene blue water remediation: Exploring the effect of physicochemical parameters by process modeling. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2020; 318 ():114046.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Hossien Saghi; Mehdi Qasemi; Hosein Alidadi; Ahmad Alahabadi; Ayoob Rastegar; Mohammad Hassan Kowsari; Mahmoud Shams; Mohammad Aziznezhad; Elaheh K. Goharshadi; Mariusz Barczak; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis. 2020. "Vanadium oxide nanoparticles for methylene blue water remediation: Exploring the effect of physicochemical parameters by process modeling." Journal of Molecular Liquids 318, no. : 114046.

Journal article
Published: 05 August 2020 in Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
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Various Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs), a unique class of metal organic frameworks (MOFs), were prepared and studied for the removal efficiency against the hazardous azo dye eriochrome black-T (EBT) from water. Two type of ZIF were synthesized, Co-based (ZIF-67) and Zn-based. For each type, four variations with different morphologies were chosen in order to determine the best performing candidate for the further optimization studies. ZIF-67-OAc showed a superior adsorptive EBT removal efficiency compared to the rest herein studied ZIFs. To statistically model the EBT removal, response surface methodology (RSM) using Box-Behnken design (BBD) technique was followed. According to the model, solution/suspension pH was found to play the most significant role that govern the rate of EBT adsorption. Under optimized condition, where pH, ZIF-67-OAc dose, mixing time, and EBT concentration set to be 6.82, 832.4 mg/L, 39.95 min, and 100 mg/L, respectively, a 99% EBT removal was achieved. The equilibrium data best fitted to Freundlich isotherm model, indicating that the dye molecules accumulate in multilayer on the ZIF-67-OAc surface. Based on the Langmuir isotherm model that was also fitted well (R2 = 0.95), the qmax was found 263.5 mg/g. Furthermore, EBT adsorption onto ZIF-67-OAc was descripted better with the pseudo-first order kinetic model.

ACS Style

Gholam Ali Haghighat; Shahram Sadeghi; Mohammad Hossien Saghi; Seid Kamal Ghadiri; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis; Juan Carlos Colmenares; Mahmoud Shams. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) of various morphologies against eriochrome black-T (EBT): Optimizing the key physicochemical features by process modeling. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2020, 606, 125391 .

AMA Style

Gholam Ali Haghighat, Shahram Sadeghi, Mohammad Hossien Saghi, Seid Kamal Ghadiri, Ioannis Anastopoulos, Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis, Juan Carlos Colmenares, Mahmoud Shams. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) of various morphologies against eriochrome black-T (EBT): Optimizing the key physicochemical features by process modeling. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2020; 606 ():125391.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gholam Ali Haghighat; Shahram Sadeghi; Mohammad Hossien Saghi; Seid Kamal Ghadiri; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis; Juan Carlos Colmenares; Mahmoud Shams. 2020. "Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) of various morphologies against eriochrome black-T (EBT): Optimizing the key physicochemical features by process modeling." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 606, no. : 125391.

Journal article
Published: 26 July 2020 in Nanomaterials
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Manganese–containing mica (Mn–mica) was synthesized at 200 °C/96 h using Mn–carbonate, Al–nitrate, silicic acid, and high KOH concentration under hydrothermal conditions. Mn–mica was characterized and tested as a new adsorbent for the removal of methyl orange (MO) dye from aqueous solutions. Compared to naturally occurring mica, the Mn–mica with manganese in the octahedral sheet resulted in enhanced MO uptake by four times at pH 3.0 and 25 °C. The pseudo–second order equation for kinetics and Freundlich equation for adsorption isotherm fitted well to the experimental data at all adsorption temperatures (i.e., 25, 40 and 55 °C). The decrease of Langmuir uptake capacity from 107.3 to 92.76 mg·g−1 within the temperature range of 25–55 °C suggested that MO adsorption is an exothermic process. The role of manganese in MO selectivity and the adsorption mechanism was analyzed via the physicochemical parameters of a multilayer adsorption model. The aggregated number of MO ions per Mn–mica active site ( n ) was superior to unity at all temperatures signifying a vertical geometry and a mechanism of multi–interactions. The active sites number (DM) of Mn–mica and the total removed MO layers (Nt) slightly changed with temperature. The decrease in the MO adsorption capacities (Qsat = n·DM·Nt) from 190.44 to 140.33 mg·g−1 in the temperature range of 25–55 °C was mainly controlled by the n parameter. The results of adsorption energies revealed that MO uptake was an exothermic (i.e., negative ΔE values) and a physisorption process (ΔE < 40 kJ mol −1). Accordingly, the adsorption of MO onto Mn–mica was governed by the number of active sites and the adsorption energy. This study offers insights into the manganese control of the interactions between MO ions and Mn–mica active sites.

ACS Style

Mohamed A. Barakat; Ali Q. Selim; Mohamed Mobarak; Rajeev Kumar; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Dimitrios Giannakoudakis; Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet; Essam A. Mohamed; Moaaz K. Seliem; Sridhar Komarneni. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Methyl Orange Uptake by Mn–Rich Synthetic Mica: Insights into Manganese Role in Adsorption and Selectivity. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1464 .

AMA Style

Mohamed A. Barakat, Ali Q. Selim, Mohamed Mobarak, Rajeev Kumar, Ioannis Anastopoulos, Dimitrios Giannakoudakis, Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet, Essam A. Mohamed, Moaaz K. Seliem, Sridhar Komarneni. Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Methyl Orange Uptake by Mn–Rich Synthetic Mica: Insights into Manganese Role in Adsorption and Selectivity. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (8):1464.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed A. Barakat; Ali Q. Selim; Mohamed Mobarak; Rajeev Kumar; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Dimitrios Giannakoudakis; Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet; Essam A. Mohamed; Moaaz K. Seliem; Sridhar Komarneni. 2020. "Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Methyl Orange Uptake by Mn–Rich Synthetic Mica: Insights into Manganese Role in Adsorption and Selectivity." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8: 1464.

Journal article
Published: 24 July 2020 in Nanomaterials
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Surfactant–modified exfoliated Fayum clay (CTAB–EC) obtained after chemical treatment with a CTAB/H2O2 solution was further decorated with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNP). The final nanocomposite (MNP/CTAB–EC) was characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, TEM and its adsorptive capability against a model cationic dye, crystal violet (CV), was evaluated. A comparison of the adsorption performance of the raw clay and its modified counterparts using H2O2, CTAB, CTAB/H2O2 or MNP indicated that the adsorption capacity of MNP/CTAB–EC was the highest for CV removal at pH 8.0. The pseudo‒second order for the kinetics and Freundlich model for adsorption equilibrium fitted well the CV removal experimental data at all tested temperatures (25, 40 and 55 °C). The enhancement of the Langmuir adsorption capacity from 447.1 to 499.4 mg g−1 with increasing the temperature from 25 to 55 °C revealed an endothermic nature of the removal process. The interactions between CV and MNP/CTAB–EC were interpreted using advanced statistical physics models (ASPM) in order to elucidate the adsorption mechanism. Multilayer model fitted the adsorption process and therefore, the steric and energetic factors that impacted the CV adsorption were also interpreted using this model. The aggregated number of CV molecules per MNP/CTAB–EC active site ( n ) was more than unity at all temperatures, representing thus a vertical adsorption orientation and a multi‒interactions mechanism. It was determined that the increase of CV uptake with temperature was mainly controlled by the increase of the number of active sites (NM). Calculated adsorption energies (ΔE) revealed that CV removal was an endothermic and a physisorption process (ΔE < 40 kJ mol −1). MNP/CTAB–EC was magnetically separated, regenerated by NaOH, and reused without significant decrease in its adsorption efficiency, supporting a prosperity of its utilization as an effective adsorbent against hazardous dyes from wastewaters.

ACS Style

Mohamed Abou Elfetouh Barakat; Rajeev Kumar; Moaaz Korany Seliem; Ali Qurany Selim; Mohamed Mobarak; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Dimitrios Giannakoudakis; Mariusz Barczak; Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet; Essam Abdelrahman Mohamed. Exfoliated Clay Decorated with Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles for Crystal Violet Adsorption: Modeling and Physicochemical Interpretation. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1454 .

AMA Style

Mohamed Abou Elfetouh Barakat, Rajeev Kumar, Moaaz Korany Seliem, Ali Qurany Selim, Mohamed Mobarak, Ioannis Anastopoulos, Dimitrios Giannakoudakis, Mariusz Barczak, Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet, Essam Abdelrahman Mohamed. Exfoliated Clay Decorated with Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles for Crystal Violet Adsorption: Modeling and Physicochemical Interpretation. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (8):1454.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed Abou Elfetouh Barakat; Rajeev Kumar; Moaaz Korany Seliem; Ali Qurany Selim; Mohamed Mobarak; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Dimitrios Giannakoudakis; Mariusz Barczak; Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet; Essam Abdelrahman Mohamed. 2020. "Exfoliated Clay Decorated with Magnetic Iron Nanoparticles for Crystal Violet Adsorption: Modeling and Physicochemical Interpretation." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8: 1454.

Journal article
Published: 05 June 2020 in Journal of Molecular Liquids
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There is an urgent demand to abate contamination of the water resources and wastewaters from antibiotics, released predominately from the municipal and healthcare effluents. Herein, we modified an eco-friendly and renewable agro-waste/biomass material in order to obtain an efficient adsorbent against the antibiotic tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). Corn stover biomass was thermally converted to porous reduced graphite oxide (RGO) and then was post functionalized to an aminated graphitic carbonaceous material (ACS-RGO). The materials were characterized by nitrogen adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), as well as Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. The sorption process was statistically modeled, by systematically varying crucial factors, based on Box–Behnken design (BBD). The model analysis illustrated the effect of independent variables and their correlations in order to determine the optimum parameters/conditions. The highest TC removal (100%) was found to occur for initial TC concentration of 48.74 mg/L, 0.98 gL dosage of adsorbent, 51.6 min contact time and at pH = 7.4. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity estimated to be 132.9 mg of TC per gram of ACS-RGO.

ACS Style

Gholam Ali Haghighat; Mohammad Hossien Saghi; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Allahbakhsh Javid; Aliakbar Roudbari; Seyedeh Solmaz Talebi; Seid Kamal Ghadiri; Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis; Mahmoud Shams. Aminated graphitic carbon derived from corn stover biomass as adsorbent against antibiotic tetracycline: Optimizing the physicochemical parameters. Journal of Molecular Liquids 2020, 313, 113523 .

AMA Style

Gholam Ali Haghighat, Mohammad Hossien Saghi, Ioannis Anastopoulos, Allahbakhsh Javid, Aliakbar Roudbari, Seyedeh Solmaz Talebi, Seid Kamal Ghadiri, Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis, Mahmoud Shams. Aminated graphitic carbon derived from corn stover biomass as adsorbent against antibiotic tetracycline: Optimizing the physicochemical parameters. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2020; 313 ():113523.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gholam Ali Haghighat; Mohammad Hossien Saghi; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Allahbakhsh Javid; Aliakbar Roudbari; Seyedeh Solmaz Talebi; Seid Kamal Ghadiri; Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis; Mahmoud Shams. 2020. "Aminated graphitic carbon derived from corn stover biomass as adsorbent against antibiotic tetracycline: Optimizing the physicochemical parameters." Journal of Molecular Liquids 313, no. : 113523.

Journal article
Published: 05 April 2020 in Nanomaterials
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A widely distributed mineral, serpentine, obtained from Wadi Ghadir (Eastern Desert in Egypt) was studied as a potential naturally and abundantly available source for the synthesis of an efficient adsorbent for aquatic remediation applications. A novel nanocomposite was synthesized after the exfoliation of the layered structure of serpentine by hydrogen peroxide treatment (serpentine (SP)), followed by decoration with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNP). The goal behind the utilization of the latter phase was to increase the environmental remediation capability and to incorporate magnetic properties at the final adsorbent, toward a better separation after the use. The fabricated composite (MNP/SP) was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The composite’s potential adsorption application toward the removal of two cationic dyes, methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG), was investigated. The observed adsorption kinetics was fast, and the highest uptake was observed at pH = 8, with the capacities to reach 162 and 176 mg g−1 for MB and MG, respectively, values significantly higher than various other materials tested against these two cationic dyes. Compared to hydrogen peroxide-treated serpentine, the removal efficiency of the composite was higher by 157 and 127% for MB and MG, respectively. The MB and MG were adsorbed because of the favorable electrostatic interactions between MNP/SP active sites and the cationic dyes. The close value capacities suggest that the difference in chemistry of the two dyes does not affect the interactions, with the later occurring via the dyes’ amine functionalities. With increasing ionic strength, the adsorption of the studied basic dyes was slightly decreased, suggesting only partial antagonistic ion effect. The sorbent can be easily regenerated and reused without significant deterioration of its adsorption efficiency, which makes MNP/SP a promising adsorbent for the removal of hazardous pollutants from aquatic environments.

ACS Style

Moaaz K. Seliem; Mariusz Barczak; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis. A Novel Nanocomposite of Activated Serpentine Mineral Decorated with Magnetic Nanoparticles for Rapid and Effective Adsorption of Hazardous Cationic Dyes: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 684 .

AMA Style

Moaaz K. Seliem, Mariusz Barczak, Ioannis Anastopoulos, Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis. A Novel Nanocomposite of Activated Serpentine Mineral Decorated with Magnetic Nanoparticles for Rapid and Effective Adsorption of Hazardous Cationic Dyes: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (4):684.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Moaaz K. Seliem; Mariusz Barczak; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis. 2020. "A Novel Nanocomposite of Activated Serpentine Mineral Decorated with Magnetic Nanoparticles for Rapid and Effective Adsorption of Hazardous Cationic Dyes: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies." Nanomaterials 10, no. 4: 684.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2020 in Materials
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Ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3), obtained from an abundant natural source, sugar, was thermochemically modified with dicyandiamide and thiourea as well as by classical oxidization with hydrogen peroxide to introduce specific surface groups. Thermochemical modifications resulted in carbon with almost unchanged porosity and altered surface chemistry while porosity of H2O2-treated carbon was seriously deteriorated. The obtained carbons were tested as sorbents of diclofenac, considered as one of the emerging water contaminants. Changes in porosity and surface chemistry of modified carbons resulted in significant differences with regard to the uptake of diclofenac. Dicyandiamide-modified carbon showed highest uptake of drugs, reaching 241 mg g−1 that is attributed to its developed microporosity as well as surface chemistry composed of basic groups facilitating electrostatic interactions with diclofenac anions. Desorption study showed that diclofenac is strongly bonded, albeit with a different degree depending on the modification of the CMK-carbon. The obtained results were compared with up-to-date literature regarding sorption of diclofenac by carbon-based sorbents.

ACS Style

Rafał Olchowski; Emil Zięba; Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Ryszard Dobrowolski; Mariusz Barczak. Tailoring Surface Chemistry of Sugar-Derived Ordered Mesoporous Carbons towards Efficient Removal of Diclofenac from Aquatic Environments. Materials 2020, 13, 1625 .

AMA Style

Rafał Olchowski, Emil Zięba, Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis, Ioannis Anastopoulos, Ryszard Dobrowolski, Mariusz Barczak. Tailoring Surface Chemistry of Sugar-Derived Ordered Mesoporous Carbons towards Efficient Removal of Diclofenac from Aquatic Environments. Materials. 2020; 13 (7):1625.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafał Olchowski; Emil Zięba; Dimitrios A. Giannakoudakis; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Ryszard Dobrowolski; Mariusz Barczak. 2020. "Tailoring Surface Chemistry of Sugar-Derived Ordered Mesoporous Carbons towards Efficient Removal of Diclofenac from Aquatic Environments." Materials 13, no. 7: 1625.

Journal article
Published: 02 December 2019 in Processes
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The Cu(II) adsorption from aqueous solutions by magnetic biochar obtained from pine needles has been studied by means of batch-type experiments. The biochar fibers have been magnetized prior (pncm: carbonized-magnetized pine needles) and after oxidation (pncom: carbonized-oxidized-magnetized pine needles) and have been used as adsorbents to study the presence of carboxylic moieties on the magnetization and following adsorption process. The effect of pH (2–10), initial metal concentration (10−5–9·10−3 mol·L−1) and contact time (0–60 min) has been studied by varying the respective parameter, and the adsorbents have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements prior and after Cu(II)-adsorption. FTIR measurements were performed to investigate the formation of surface species and XRD measurements to record possible solid phase formation and characterize formed solids, including the evaluation of their average crystal size. The data obtained from the batch-type studies show that the oxidized magnetic biochar (pncom) presents significantly higher adsorption capacity (1.0 mmol g−1) compared to pncm (0.4 mmol g−1), which is ascribed to the synergistic effect of the carboxylic moieties present on the pncom surface, and the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second order kinetics. On the other hand, the FTIR spectra prove the formation of inner-sphere complexes and XRD diffractograms indicate Cu(II) solid phase formation at pH 6 and increased metal ion concentrations.

ACS Style

Eleni Nicolaou; Katerina Philippou; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Ioannis Pashalidis. Copper Adsorption by Magnetized Pine-Needle Biochar. Processes 2019, 7, 903 .

AMA Style

Eleni Nicolaou, Katerina Philippou, Ioannis Anastopoulos, Ioannis Pashalidis. Copper Adsorption by Magnetized Pine-Needle Biochar. Processes. 2019; 7 (12):903.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eleni Nicolaou; Katerina Philippou; Ioannis Anastopoulos; Ioannis Pashalidis. 2019. "Copper Adsorption by Magnetized Pine-Needle Biochar." Processes 7, no. 12: 903.