Bu araştırma, Aydın ili Çakmar Mahallesi meralarının eğimleri farklı 5 kesiminde (%2, %8, %15, %25, %30) yürütülmüştür. Yapılan etütler neticesinde her eğimden 7 adet kuadrat alanı dipten biçilerek örneklenmiştir. Örneklemenin ardından yapılan analizler ve hesaplamalar neticesinde yaş - kuru ağırlık (kg da-1), ADF (%), ADL (%), NDF (%), Ham Protein Oranı (%), Ham Protein Verimi (kg da-1), Sindirilebilir Kuru Madde (%), Nispi Yem Değeri ve ağırlığa göre botanik kompozisyonlar belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre meranın kuru ot verimi 223.03-114.54 kg da-1 değerleri arasında değişirken, en yüksek kuru ot verimi %8 eğimde yer alan merada tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek NDF oranı meranın %30 eğimli kesiminde, en düşük NDF oranı ise %2 eğimli kesiminde ölçülmüştür. Ham protein oranı en yüksek %10.64 ile %8 eğimde görülürken, en yüksek nispi yem değeri 101.35 ile %2 eğimli mera kesiminde ölçülmüştür. Ağırlığa göre botanik kompozisyonda baklagiller familyasına ait türlerin daha az oranda olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışma neticesinde %2, %8, %15 eğime sahip mera kesimlerinin verim ve kalite bakımından diğer kesimlere oranla daha iyi olduğu görülmektedir. Aşırı otlatmaya maruz bırakılan bu mera alanının, hatalı mera yönetimi sonucunda hayvansal üretime katkısı azalmaktadır. Bu sebeple doğru yönetim prensiplerinin uygulanması ve mera ıslah projeleri ile bölgedeki meraların sorunlarına çözüm bulunabilecektir.

Forecasting the distribution patterns of invasive weed species under changing climate conditions is critical for the early identification of especially vulnerable regions and the implementation of effective preventive measures. In this study, the current and potential range of stranglewort (Cynanchum acutum L.)—an invasive alien species (IAS) in certain regions—are predicted under various climate scenarios, using the maximum entropy algorithm. Species occurrence data representing the natural distribution of C. acutum and 15 of the WorldClim bioclimatic variables are used. With an ensemble method, the impact of climate change on the distribution of the species is predicted according to five CMIP6 climate change models and three scenarios (optimistic: SSP245; middle of the road: SSP370; and pessimistic: SSP585). According to the findings, it is predicted in all scenarios that C. acutum could expand its range to the north, particularly in agricultural landscapes. Therefore, the invasive status of this species will likely continue in the future. This emphasizes the need to determine the priority of conservation targets, especially for agricultural areas, to ensure food safety and protect biodiversity.

Dünyada artış gösteren su sıkıntısı ve çevre kirliliği insanları üretim yaparken alternatif seçeneklere doğru yönlendirmektedir. Bu alternatiflerin özellikle çevreci ve sürdürülebilir olması hem bizi hem de doğayı daha sağlıklı kılacaktır. Bu kapsamda su kullanım etkinliği en yüksek düzeyde olan bitkilerden biri olan sorgum ve katı biyogaz fermentasyon atığı gübresi çalışmanın ana materyallerini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada sorgum bitkisinin (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Rox çeşidi kullanılırken sorgum-sudanotu melezinde (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum sudanense Mtapf) Gözde-80 çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma 2018 yaz üretim sezonunda Aydın ekolojik koşullarında yürütülmüş ve 5 farklı katı biyogaz dozu (0, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 kg da-1) uygulaması dışında herhangi bir kimyasal gübreleme uygulanmamıştır. Araştırma 3 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüş olup Nisan ayı içinde ekimi Ağustos ayında da biçim işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma neticesinde kuru ot verimi, bitki boyu, yaprak sayısı, gibi verim ve verim öğelerinin yanında ham protein oranı, ADF, NDF ve ADL gibi kalite parametreleri de incelenmiştir. Bu ölçümlerin ardından ham protein verimi ve nispi yem değeri hesaplamaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde her iki bitkinin de gübre dozlarına tepkileri farklı olurken gübre uygulamalarının olumlu etkileri olduğu ancak belirli bir doz önerisinde bulunulamayacağı görülmektedir.

This study was carried out during the summer of 2014 to determine alternative quality forage sources that could be grown in the Aydın ecological conditions. In the study, effects of 3 different mixtures and 2 pure species (100% Buckwheat, 25% Buckwheat -75% Soybean, 50% Buckwheat -5 0% Soybean, 75% Buckwheat - 25% Soybean, 100% Soybean) and 2 different harvesting times (50%-100% flowering/buckwheat) on yield and quality characteristics were investigated. According to measurements, the highest average herbage yield was obtained from 75% Buckwheat-25% Soybean application (3100 kg/da) at 2nd harvest time. When the average of hay yield was examined, the results were similar to herbage yield. When ADF and NDF were examined, the highest values were seen at the 2nd harvest. When the crude protein ratios were examined, it was found that they decreased at the 2nd harvesting time and the highest value was determined at 100% soybean application at the 1st harvesting time (21.08%). When Digestible Dry Matter (DDM) and Relative Feed Value (RFV) were examined, the highest values were determined in 100%Soybean applications at first harvest time and when the mixture applications were examined, the highest values were determined to be 75% Buckwheat - 25% Soybean application. As a result of the study, it was determined that the yields obtained at the 2nd harvest time were higher but the forage quality decreased. When the mixtures were examined, it was determined that the mixture having the highest roughage value was 75% buckwheat + 25% soybean application. In this study, the buckwheat which have short vegetation and good quality and the soybean, which is infront of with high quality, mixtures were examined. It has also been found that these mixtures may be important for obtaining high-quality forage in the short and intermediate periods.

Sorghum is one of the warm climate species known for its multi-purpose use and water use efficiency. The cultivation of this species, which is known to be more advantageous than maize in terms of water use, is increasing currently. Depending on this increase, it is necessary to develop more varieties that will serve different purposes. In the study, six different genotypes were grown with two standard genotypes in Aydın (Turkey) ecological conditions in 2016-2017 with 3 replications. Plant height (cm), fresh forage yield (t da-1), hay yield (t da-1), number of leaves, crude protein ratio (%), ADF (%), NDF (%) are the measured properties. With these data, crude protein yield (t da-1) and relative feed value characteristics were calculated. In the light of the results obtained from the experiment, it was observed that the fresh forage yield varied between 3.63-10.06 t da-1, the hay yield between 0.79-2.12 t da-1, crude protein yield between 0.075-0.198 t da-1, and the relative feed value between 91.61- 116.40. Among the genotypes, EA27 and EA36 stand out in terms of yield, while Beydarı has high values in terms of some quality characteristics. The results revealed that some genotypes are promising in sorghum breeding according to their intended use.

Background: Legume-based green manuring is an environmentally sustainable and economically viable approach that enhances soil fertility by improving organic matter content, facilitating biological nitrogen fixation, and stimulating microbial activity. These benefits collectively reduce reliance on mineral fertilizers, which are associated with environmental degradation. While the soil-enhancing properties of legumes are well-established, limited information is available regarding how the timing of green manure incorporation affects the growth performance and forage quality of subsequent crops. This study aimed to assess the effects of incorporating different legume species at various phenological stages on the growth, yield, and forage quality of sorghum × sudangrass under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Methods: A field experiment was conducted from 2022 to 2024 at Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Türkiye, using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Eleven treatments were implemented, consisting of three legume species (common vetch, narbon vetch, and forage pea) incorporated at three distinct phenological stages (pre-flowering, 10% flowering, and full flowering), along with unfertilized and fertilized controls. Following incorporation, sorghum × sudangrass was sown without additional fertilization, except in the fertilized control. Key response variables included fresh forage yield (FFY), hay yield (HY), plant height, leaf number, leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content (SPAD), and crude protein yield (CPY). Soil organic matter and total nitrogen levels were also measured before and after treatments. Results: Green manure application significantly enhanced the growth, biomass accumulation, and forage quality of sorghum × sudangrass. The incorporation of common vetch and narbon vetch at the 10% flowering stage led to up to a 50% increase in fresh forage yield compared to the unfertilized control. Forage pea maintained consistent yield performance across all incorporation stages. Improvements in soil organic matter and nitrogen content were particularly notable in legume-amended plots. Furthermore, the highest SPAD and LAI values were recorded at early flowering stages, suggesting enhanced photosynthetic efficiency. These findings underscore the effectiveness of legume green manuring, particularly with optimal incorporation timing, as a sustainable strategy to improve soil health, forage productivity, and resource-use efficiency in Mediterranean agroecosystems.