Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has been mostly used as a counter electrode to give a high performance of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Recently, PEDOT doped by carrageenan, namely PEDOT:Carrageenan, was introduced as a new material to be applied on DSSC as an electrolyte. PEDOT:Carrageenan has a similar synthesis process as PEDOT:PSS, owing to their similar ester sulphate (-SO₃H) groups in both PSS and carrageenan. This review provides an overview of the different roles between PEDOT:PSS as a counter electrode and PEDOT:Carrageenan as an electrolyte for DSSC applications. The synthesis process and characteristics of PEDOT:PSS and PEDOT:Carrageenan were also described in this review. In conclusion, we found that the primary role of PEDOT:PSS as a counter electrode is to transfer electrons back to cell and accelerate redox reaction with its superior electrical conductivity and high electrocatalytic activity. PEDOT:Carrageenan as an electrolyte has not shown the main role for regenerating the dye sensitized at the oxidized state, probably due to its low ionic conductivity. Therefore, PEDOT:Carrageenan still obtained a low performance of DSSC. Additionally, the future perspective and challenges of using PEDOT:Carrageenan as both electrolyte and counter electrode are described in detail.

Studi proses sintesis serbuk nano ZnO beserta karakterisasi

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) with a dopant of polystyrene sulfonate (PSS), namely PEDOT:PSS, has been mostly used as counter electrode to give a high performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Recently, PEDOT doped by carrageenan (PEDOT:Carrageenan) was introduced as a new material to be applied on DSSC as electrolyte. PEDOT:Carrageenan has a similar synthesis process as PEDOT:PSS owing to their similar ester sulphate (-SO3H) groups in both PSS and carrageenan. This review provides an overview of the different roles between PEDOT:PSS as counter electrode and PEDOT:Carrageenan as electrolyte for DSSC applications. The synthesis process and characteristics of PEDOT:PSS and PEDOT:Carrageenan were also described in this review. In conclusion, we found that PEDOT:PSS as counter electrode has the main roles of transferring electrons from the external circuit and accelerating the reduction reaction of redox coupled with its high electrical conductivity and high electrocatalytic activity. As electrolyte, PEDOT:Carrageenan has not shown the main role as an electron transfer from counter electrode to regenerate the dye-sensitized at the oxidized state due to its low ionic conductivity. Therefore, PEDOT:Carrageenan still obtained a low performance of DSSCs. Additionally, the future perspective and challenges of using PEDOT:Carrageenan as both electrolyte and counter electrode are described in detail.

We report our work about dependency of Al dopant atoms to the growth process of Al doped ZnO (AZO) nanorod structure. ZnO is one of type metal oxide, which is classified as semiconducting material with direct wide band gap (~ 3.4 eV). This metal oxide is widely used in optoelectronic devices, such as solar cell, gas sensing, and photocatalyst. To produce effective photoelectrode in solar cell devices and high sensitive sensor in gas sensing application, many researchers have been modifying the nanostructure, such as inserting dopant ions, variation in deposition technique and surface modifications. By inserting some dopant ions/atoms, the structure and morphology of ZnO nanorod can be controlled. Nucleation process of nanorod structure which is growth by chemical solution method, are depend on seed layer morphology. We have prepared ZnO nanorod thin film (growth by self-assembly method) with inserting aluminum as dopant atom both in seed layer and nanorod growth solution. The morphology of ZnO nanostructured significantly changes as the existence of aluminum atoms. Based on X-ray diffraction pattern, the wurtzite structures of AZO nanorod still possessed and only affect to the small shift of lattice crystal. A high surface roughness of seed layer can produce wide radius of nanorod, since the nucleation process initiated by seed layer particle size as a template of nanorod arrangement.

In this study, TiO₂ nanofibers was synthesized using electrospinning method with varying applied voltage (10 kV–20 kV) to obtain high surface-volume ratio and porous material. As the applied voltage increased, diameter of TiO₂ nanofibers decreased and the presence of beads disappeared resulting in homogeneous nanofibers. At applied voltage higher than 16 kV, TiO₂ nanofibers have diameter less than 100 nm. TiO₂ nanofibers are deposited on top of TiO₂ nanoparticles which act as a light-scattering layer. Based on the I–V characteristic, TiO₂ nanofibers produced by applied voltage of 18 kV gives the highest efficiency of 2.38% with J_SC 6.37 mA cm⁻², V_OC of 0.74 V and fill factor of 50.54%. Adding the TiO₂ nanofibers as light-scattering layer improve and extend the path of light, thereby increasing the power conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells.