The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices amongst public health undergraduates in relation to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in China. A cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst all final-year public health undergraduates from 18 universities across China. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on AMR-related knowledge, attitudes and practices, whilst multivariable linear and logistic regressions were employed to detect associations among these three aspects. A total of 1115 participants were included in this study. The mean ± standard deviation AMR knowledge score was 7.68 ± 2.56. Moreover, 75.2% of students had performed incorrect antimicrobial practice. Studying in a key university [slope = 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-2.27], being male (slope = 0.36, 95% CI 0.02-0.70), having clinical experience (slope = 1.71, 95% CI 1.13-2.30) and having an affirmative attitude towards AMR were positively associated with knowledge score. Knowledge score was also positively associated with AMR practice (odds ratio = 1.07, 95% CI 1.00-1.13). A knowledge gap in relation to AMR was determined among Chinese public health students. This gap is associated with attitudes towards AMR and in turn influences antimicrobial use. It is clear that additional measures are needed in the curriculum, including additional AMR-specific clinical practices.

In this paper, we propose a methodology for computing the square root of a complex number based on a piecewise linear (PWL) approximation method. The proposed method relies on a software-based segmentor that automatically divides the three real square root functions used in complex square root computation into the fewest segments with a predefined fractional bit width and maximum absolute error (MAE). The coefficients, including the start point, end point, slope and y-intercept of each segment, are stored for use in the implementation of the hardware design. The proposed fully pipelined circuit is coded in the Verilog hardware description language (HDL). The results of synthesis in TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) 65-nm CMOS technology show that our design achieves savings of 64.21% in area, 16.67% in delay and 65.08% in power compared to the existing methods. Moreover, implementation results on an FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) platform (XC7Z020-CLG400) show that the proposed design reduces the number of LUTs by 29.38%, delay by 28.57% and power consumption by 53.47%.

In this paper, we propose a software-based simulator and an optimized hardware implementation of the CORDIC algorithm. The number of iterations and the bit width are selected by their relationship calculated by the simulator to satisfy precision requirement. In the proposed hardware implementation, the addition and subtraction operations share the hardware resources. The two’s complement is calculated in two steps: inverting and adding one. The adding one operation is integrated in the addition component of the iteration. In addition, a 3: 2 compressor is used to reduce the number of adders, and a carry look-ahead adder is used to reduce the critical path. The synthesized results show that when compared with state-of-the-art designs, our method reduces the area by 53.79% and the delay by 58.97% while maintaining the same precision.

Based on the increase type rotary encoder and the cantilever elastic element, a new kind of single cylinder rotary online viscosity sensor is designed, This article mainly introduces the principle of this sensor operation and the design calculation of the elastic element. And then further this paper shows how the finite-element method of the ANSYS is used to analyze the maximum deflection and the stress of the elastic element. Finally, the measurement error of is analyzed

Vertical Hall sensors (VHSs), compatible with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, are used to detect magnetic fields in the plane of the sensor. In previous studies, their performance was limited by a large offset. This paper reports on a novel CMOS seven-contact VHS (7CVHS), which is formed by adding two additional contacts to a traditional five-contact VHS (5CVHS) to alleviate the offset. The offset voltage and offset magnetic field of the 7CVHS are reduced by 90.20% and 88.31% of those of the 5CVHS, respectively, with a 16.16% current-related sensitivity loss. Moreover, the size and positions of the contacts are optimized in standard GLOBALFOUNDRIES 0.18 μm BCDlite^TM technology by scanning parameters using FEM simulations. The simulation data are analyzed in groups to study the influence of the size and contact positions on the current-related sensitivity, offset voltage, and offset magnetic field.