Weak or non-existing linkage of official registers in the Republic of Croatia and the data redundancy as an inevitable outcome of such a state are the causes of various unwanted consequences for the relevant public authorities, as well as for citizens and companies as the end-users of that data.In this paper we present the results of an analysis of the status of the redundancy within the Croatian land administration-related registers. Following the analysis, suggestions are given on how the effectiveness of the analyzed registers can be increased by introducing a linking based on the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM). The proposed linkages were created by extending the Unified Modelling Language (UML) object classes of the LADM. The compliance analysis between registers and the LADM was conducted by using schema matching. Schema matching is a set of techniques used for comparing schemas (usually referred to as data models), and is well known within the database research domain. The results of the analysis were used to determine in which direction to go with extending of the LADM.All of the outputs of this research can be used to create a strategy for improving the effectiveness of the overall system of registers, which in turn should result in an overall economic progress of the country

Groundwater pollution in Rajasthan, India, poses significant challenges due to the region’s heavy reliance on this resource for drinking and irrigation. Given the increasing water scarcity and overexploitation, this study assesses the susceptibility of groundwater pollution in this semi-arid area. We applied and compared vulnerability mapping methods, DRASTIC and SINTACS, and their modified versions. These methodologies considered various geological and environmental factors such as depth-to-water table, recharge, aquifer conductivity, soil, and topography. The modified versions also integrated land use and temperature data for enhanced sensitivity. Validation was achieved by comparing contaminant data from the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), India, focusing on primary contaminants such as fluoride, nitrate, chloride, and total dissolved solids (TDS). The results strongly align with the modified methodologies and observed groundwater ion values. Specifically, more than half of the 300 sample points analyzed indicated TDS values exceeding the permissible 300 ppm limit, with over 80 points surpassing 500 ppm. The vulnerability was classified into the following five categories: very low; low; medium; high; and very high. Notably, 30.53% of the area displayed “very high” vulnerability under the modified DRASTIC model. Districts like Jalore, Pali, Sirohi, and Jodhpur emerged as highly vulnerable zones, while areas within Udaipur, Kota, and Jaipur, among others, showed very high vulnerability. This research highlights the importance of conducting groundwater vulnerability assessments, especially for regions grappling with water scarcity like Rajasthan. The findings from this research are pivotal in guiding sustainable ground water resource management, as well as advocating continual monitoring and effective groundwater conservation strategies in the region.

Digital twin technologies integrate data, models, and physical entities. The paper explores technologies applied in the Urban Digital Twin (UDT) to support Urban regeneration (UR), with a case study of the small historic town of Draguć in Istria, Croatia, Europe. The subject of this research is to investigate and develop a digital twin model and to assess its usefulness in multidisciplinary applications for urban regeneration. The particularity of this scientific project lies in the application of multiple tools for 3D urban data collection and the modeling of this spatial information for its presentation and use, all aimed at spatial planning and sustainable urban development. The applied methods address a common challenge in projects aimed at establishing UDT. These methods encompass the integration of various technologies and tools (geodetic surveying, UAV photogrammetry, 3D laser scanning) for urban data collection, complemented by additional datasets from multiple sources. The results present an established UDT platform (environment) built upon the analyzed datasets relevant to urban regeneration. The urban matrix is displayed, together with buildings and their characteristics, cadastral data with ownership structure are analyzed, and a 3D city model has been generated. The proposed Urban Digital Twin model for the study area aims to facilitate, accelerate, and optimize urban regeneration, while also initiating integrated sustainable regeneration efforts for small historic towns.

This paper presents different approaches to map bark beetle infested forests in Croatia. Bark beetle infestation presents threat to forest ecosystems. Due to large unapproachable area, it also presents difficulties in mapping infested areas. This paper analyses available machine learning options in open-source software QGIS and SAGA GIS. All options are performed on Copernicus data, Sentinel 2 satellite imagery. Machine learning and classification options are maximum likelihood classifier, minimum distance, artificial neural network, decision tree, K Nearest Neighbor, random forest, support vector machine, spectral angle mapper and Normal Bayes. Kappa values respectively are: 0.71; 0.72; 0.81; 0.68; 0.69; 0.75; 0.26; 0.60; 0.41 which shows highest classification accuracy for artificial neural networks method and lowest for support vector machine accuracy.

Real-time GIS enables multiple geographically dislocated users to collaboratively edit geospatial data. However, being based on the strong consistency model, traditional real-time GIS implementations cannot provide fully automatic conflict resolution. In highly dynamic situations with increased probability for conflicts, this will hinder user experience. Conflict-free replicated data types (CRDTs), a technology based on a more relaxed concurrency control model called strong eventual consistency, can resolve all conflicts in real time, letting the users work on their local copies of the data without any restrictions. The application of CRDTs to real-time geospatial geometry co-editing has, to the best of our knowledge, not been investigated. Within this research, we therefore developed a simple web-based real-time geospatial geometry co-editing system using an existing CRDT implementation in Javascript coupled with OpenLayers. When applied to the co-editing of geospatial geometry in its native form, standard CRDT conflict resolution mechanics exhibit some issues. As an attempt to address these issues, we developed an advanced operation generation technique named “tentative operations”. This technique allows for the operations to be generated over the most recent session-wide state of the data, which in effect highly reduces concurrency and provides “geometry aware” conflict resolution. The tests we conducted using the developed system showed that in low-latency network conditions, the negative effects of standard CRDT conflict resolution mechanics do get minimized even under increased system loads.