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Prof. Edward Anthony
Energy and Environmental Chemistry Centre for Bioenergy & Resource Management Cranfield University, MK43 0AL, UK

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0 Renewable Energy
0 Carbon Capture and Storage
0 Biomass and waste
0 Carbon, climate and risk
0 Energy and the environment

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Energy and the environment
Carbon Capture and Storage
Renewable Energy
Conventional and advanced fuels
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Research article
Published: 23 June 2021 in Energy & Fuels
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Extensive research has been done on Ca-based sorbents as a promising way to capture CO2 and SO2 from power plants. Considerable effort has also been directed toward maintaining sorbent activity by means of sorbent modification to deal with activity decay with repeated CO2 capture cycles. Based on the principle of “treating waste with waste” and inspired by the idea that a pozzolanic reaction can enhance the surface area, this paper presents a method of hydrothermal synthesis of lime and coal ash. A small amount of CaSO4 or NaOH was added during the hydration process, and the mixture was stirred for several hours at about 90 °C. The synthesized samples were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption/desorption spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The activity of the synthesized sorbent for CO2 and SO2 capture were then tested in a thermogravimetric analyzer. The treated samples demonstrate longer-lasting performance for CO2 cyclic capture, albeit with a slightly reduced capture ability compared to pure lime in the first few cycles due to their lower CaO content (25–81% versus 98%). The sample with a lime/ash mass ratio of 45:5 showed higher CO2 capture ability after three cycles and much greater stability in terms of its activity. The main product of the pozzolanic reaction is CaSiO3, which has a network structure, whose development is related to the ratio of CaO/coal ash, hydration duration, and the amount of CaSO4 and NaOH additives. After high temperature calcination, a new phase, namely Ca3Al2O6, is believed to serve as a skeleton preventing sintering in repeated capture cycles. After experiencing multiple cycles, the synthesized sorbents also have a high SO2 capture capacity. A small amount of added NaOH decreases the cyclic CO2 carrying capacity of the synthesized sorbent but enhances the SO2 carrying capacity dramatically. The explanation for this is that the sulfation reaction is controlled not only by gas diffusion but also by solid-state ion diffusion. Na+ ions generate more crystal lattice defects which can accelerate the ion diffusion rate in the product layer and consequentially enhance overall SO2 carrying capacity.

ACS Style

Zhenghui Zhao; Yinghai Wu; Kumar Patchigolla; Edward John Anthony; John Oakey; Hongwei Chen. Preparation and Characterization of Lime/Coal Ash Sorbents for Sequential CO2 and SO2 Capture at High Temperature. Energy & Fuels 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Zhenghui Zhao, Yinghai Wu, Kumar Patchigolla, Edward John Anthony, John Oakey, Hongwei Chen. Preparation and Characterization of Lime/Coal Ash Sorbents for Sequential CO2 and SO2 Capture at High Temperature. Energy & Fuels. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhenghui Zhao; Yinghai Wu; Kumar Patchigolla; Edward John Anthony; John Oakey; Hongwei Chen. 2021. "Preparation and Characterization of Lime/Coal Ash Sorbents for Sequential CO2 and SO2 Capture at High Temperature." Energy & Fuels , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 21 June 2021 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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Population growth and dietary needs changes have exerted pressure on phosphorus (P) reserves, and the future availability of P fertilisers is uncertain. Most Malawian soils have low P and farmers apply P fertilisers to harvest enough food. Scarcity of chemical P fertilisers and rising prices will affect Malawi's food security. To avert the impact of P future uncertainty a P flow analysis (PFA) was conducted to characterise and quantify sources, flows, and sinks of P to determine options for waste minimisation, recovery, and chemical fertiliser use reduction for Malawi. The PFA results highlighted that; there are 35000 Mg of recyclable organic P annually, which is over two times Malawi's annual P fertiliser demand (14000 Mg). Currently, only 16% of the organic P is recycled to agriculture. Chemical P fertiliser represents 66 % of the P fertiliser used for crop production. Manure is the most recycled organic P source (38 % recycled), followed by organic solid waste (6%), and crop residues (5%). Annually, 9000 Mg of P is transferred to faecal matter, but none is recycled. Overall, Malawian soils have a negative P balance of -4000 Mg. Malawi can reduce its dependence on imported chemical P if recycling of organic P source is adopted. However, regulations should be put in place to control the quality of organic fertilisers.

ACS Style

Frank Mnthambala; Elizabeth Tilley; Sean Tyrrel; Ruben Sakrabani. Phosphorus flow analysis for Malawi: Identifying potential sources of renewable phosphorus recovery. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2021, 173, 105744 .

AMA Style

Frank Mnthambala, Elizabeth Tilley, Sean Tyrrel, Ruben Sakrabani. Phosphorus flow analysis for Malawi: Identifying potential sources of renewable phosphorus recovery. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2021; 173 ():105744.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frank Mnthambala; Elizabeth Tilley; Sean Tyrrel; Ruben Sakrabani. 2021. "Phosphorus flow analysis for Malawi: Identifying potential sources of renewable phosphorus recovery." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 173, no. : 105744.

Reference work
Published: 12 May 2021 in Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
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Chemical looping represents an important new class of technologies, which can be deployed for direct combustion, as well as being used in reforming applications. In this type of system, a solid carrier is used to bring oxygen to the fuel gas, so that it can be subsequently released as a pure CO2 stream suitable for use, or more likely sequestration or storage. The solid is then regenerated in a reactor using air, so that the technology effectively achieves oxygen separation from air without the use of a costly cryogenic process or membrane technology. This chapter will restrict itself to considering the uses of solid carriers only and more specifically those in which oxygen is transported, and not CO2 as is the case for Calcium Looping. Particular focuses of this chapter will be on the use of this technology for syngas and H2 production, as well as its use with solid fuels. Another issue that will be discussed is high pressure cycles, which are ultimately necessary if such systems are to be integrated into high efficiency heat, steam, and power cycles.

ACS Style

E. J. Anthony; R. T. Symonds. Chemical Looping Technology. Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation 2021, 1 -35.

AMA Style

E. J. Anthony, R. T. Symonds. Chemical Looping Technology. Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation. 2021; ():1-35.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. J. Anthony; R. T. Symonds. 2021. "Chemical Looping Technology." Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation , no. : 1-35.

Journal article
Published: 28 April 2021 in TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
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A gas mixture representing oxy-fuel combustion conditions was employed in a thermogravimetric analyser to determine the effect of water vapor and SO2 concentration on limestone sulfation kinetics over the temperature range of 800 to 920 °C. Here, experiments used small samples of particles (4 mg), with small particle sizes (dp < 38 µm) and large gas flow rates (120 mL/[email protected]) in order to minimize mass transfer interferences. The gas mixture contained 5000 ppmv SO2, 2% O2, and the H2O content was changed from 0% to 25% with the balance CO2. When water vapor was added to the gas mixture at lower temperatures (800–870 °C), the limestone SO2 capture efficiency increased. However, as the temperature became higher, the enhancement in total conversion values decreased. As expected, Havelock limestone at higher temperatures (890 °C, 920 °C, and 950 °C) experienced indirect sulfation and reacted at a faster rate than for lower temperatures (800–870 °C) for direct sulfation over the first five minutes of reaction time. However, the total conversion of Havelock limestone for direct sulfation was generally greater than for indirect sulfation.

ACS Style

Murat Varol; Edward John Anthony; Arturo Macchi. The effect of H2O on the sulfation of Havelock limestone under oxy-fuel conditions in a thermogravimetric analyser. TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2021, 45, 452 -462.

AMA Style

Murat Varol, Edward John Anthony, Arturo Macchi. The effect of H2O on the sulfation of Havelock limestone under oxy-fuel conditions in a thermogravimetric analyser. TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY. 2021; 45 (2):452-462.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Murat Varol; Edward John Anthony; Arturo Macchi. 2021. "The effect of H2O on the sulfation of Havelock limestone under oxy-fuel conditions in a thermogravimetric analyser." TURKISH JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 45, no. 2: 452-462.

Reference work
Published: 19 April 2021 in Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
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In order to generate pure streams of CO2 suitable for sequestration/storage, various routes are possible, involving pre-combustion strategies such as the use of gasification technology combined with shift reactors to produce H2 or alternatively CO2 scrubbing with, for example, amine-based carriers. One of the more direct approaches is to carry out the combustion using pure or nearly pure O2 to produce primarily CO2 and H2O in the combustion gases, resulting in almost complete CO2 capture. Until recently, the primary avenue to deploy this technology was with conventional pulverized fuel-fired boilers, and there have been a number of demonstration plants built to explore this technology. In addition, oxy-fired fluidized bed combustion (FBC) has also become increasingly important as a potential technology, offering as it does fuel flexibility and the possibility of firing local or indigenous fuels, including biomass in a CO2-neutral or CO2-negative manner. There are also attempts to develop pressurized oxy-fuel technology for both PC and FBC systems. These technologies are examined here, considering factors such as their economics and potential for improvement, as well as challenges to the technology, including the need to generate high-purity CO2 streams suitable for pipelining to sequestration sites. Finally, the emissions issues for both classes of technology are discussed.

ACS Style

E. J. Anthony; R. T. Symonds. Oxy-fuel Firing Technology for Power Generation and Heat and Steam Production. Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation 2021, 1 -27.

AMA Style

E. J. Anthony, R. T. Symonds. Oxy-fuel Firing Technology for Power Generation and Heat and Steam Production. Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation. 2021; ():1-27.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. J. Anthony; R. T. Symonds. 2021. "Oxy-fuel Firing Technology for Power Generation and Heat and Steam Production." Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation , no. : 1-27.

Review article
Published: 20 February 2021 in Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability
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According to the World Bank, as of mid-2000s, more people have access to mobile technologies than clean water. Mobile technologies were quickly recognized as excellent high performing work tools and became adapted early on for use in the agricultural sector. They offer exciting opportunities for improving farming practices, including operating sustainable fertilizer management strategies and related extension support. From assessing potential Nitrogen losses in California to fine-tuning fertilizer recommendations in Thailand — harnessing the potential of mobile technologies was recognized as an essential piece in the worldwide move towards information-driven, efficient, and sustainable agriculture. In this review, mobile technologies designed to augment existing methods of fertilizer management were reviewed and challenges to their adoption together with missing links in their development process were emphasised.

ACS Style

Karolina Golicz; Stephen H Hallett; Ruben Sakrabani. Old problem, the Millennial solution: using mobile technology to inform decision making for sustainable fertilizer management. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 2021, 49, 26 -32.

AMA Style

Karolina Golicz, Stephen H Hallett, Ruben Sakrabani. Old problem, the Millennial solution: using mobile technology to inform decision making for sustainable fertilizer management. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 2021; 49 ():26-32.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karolina Golicz; Stephen H Hallett; Ruben Sakrabani. 2021. "Old problem, the Millennial solution: using mobile technology to inform decision making for sustainable fertilizer management." Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 49, no. : 26-32.

Editorial
Published: 25 January 2021 in Gases
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Gases (ISSN 2673-5628) is an international and interdisciplinary peer-reviewed open access journal on gas science and engineering published quarterly online by MDPI

ACS Style

Edward J. Anthony. Gases—An Open Access Journal. Gases 2021, 1, 51 -52.

AMA Style

Edward J. Anthony. Gases—An Open Access Journal. Gases. 2021; 1 (1):51-52.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edward J. Anthony. 2021. "Gases—An Open Access Journal." Gases 1, no. 1: 51-52.

Journal article
Published: 11 January 2021 in Fuel
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A thorough understanding of the NO2 heterogeneous reduction reaction over a carbonaceous surfaces can help with the goal of providing useful information to aid in controlling NOx emissions. Multiple adsorption structures and reaction pathways on zigzag surfaces were obtained via density functional theory (DFT) calculation, revealing the effect and mechanism of the CO presence and its adsorption mode. Calculation results showed that the introduction of CO at the stage of CO/CO2 desorption accelerates the dissociation of CO2 from a zigzag surface. According to the theory of frontier molecular orbital, the CO presence promotes the transfer of electrons from the char surface to the CO2 moiety, decreasing the energy barrier of CO2 desorption. On the other hand, kinetic and thermodynamic analysis indicates that the introduction of CO during NO2 reduction facilitates the reduction of NO2 to NO, but has little influence on the reduction rate. In addition, the adsorption mode of CO shows little effect on the weak interaction between NO2 moiety and the char edge, but has a significant effect on the weak interaction between CO moiety and char edge. Thus, as the adsorption mode of CO changes, a significant difference in mechanisms can be observed at the stage of CO2 desorption rather than NO2 reduction. To sum up, these theoretical results reveal in detail the effect and mechanism of CO on NO2 heterogeneous reduction, which further explain previous experimental results.

ACS Style

Shuang Yue; Chunbo Wang; Ziyang Xu; Fei Zheng; Tong Si; Edward J. Anthony. A theoretical exploration of the effect and mechanism of CO on NO2 heterogeneous reduction over carbonaceous surfaces. Fuel 2021, 290, 120102 .

AMA Style

Shuang Yue, Chunbo Wang, Ziyang Xu, Fei Zheng, Tong Si, Edward J. Anthony. A theoretical exploration of the effect and mechanism of CO on NO2 heterogeneous reduction over carbonaceous surfaces. Fuel. 2021; 290 ():120102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shuang Yue; Chunbo Wang; Ziyang Xu; Fei Zheng; Tong Si; Edward J. Anthony. 2021. "A theoretical exploration of the effect and mechanism of CO on NO2 heterogeneous reduction over carbonaceous surfaces." Fuel 290, no. : 120102.

Research article
Published: 11 December 2020 in ACS Omega
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Oxyfuel combustion can reduce CO2 emissions from fossil fuels. Hence, it is currently being investigated for potential use in oil shale-fired power plants, which currently produce most of Estonia’s electricity. Here, experiments were performed with kukersite oil shale for both oxyfuel and conventional combustion in a 60 kWth circulating fluidized bed combustor. In this paper, we provide data on the ash composition including mineral compositions and heavy metal concentrations. Oxyfuel conditions did not noticeably influence the concentrations of heavy metals in the ash but did have significantly lower amounts of free lime because of inhibition of the carbonate decomposition reactions. The results suggest that oxyfuel combustion would produce no significant problems in terms of the behavior of the ash or the fate of heavy metals contained in the ash.

ACS Style

Alar Konist; Dmitri Neshumayev; Zachariah S. Baird; Edward J. Anthony; Marek Maasikmets; Oliver Järvik. Mineral and Heavy Metal Composition of Oil Shale Ash from Oxyfuel Combustion. ACS Omega 2020, 5, 32498 -32506.

AMA Style

Alar Konist, Dmitri Neshumayev, Zachariah S. Baird, Edward J. Anthony, Marek Maasikmets, Oliver Järvik. Mineral and Heavy Metal Composition of Oil Shale Ash from Oxyfuel Combustion. ACS Omega. 2020; 5 (50):32498-32506.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alar Konist; Dmitri Neshumayev; Zachariah S. Baird; Edward J. Anthony; Marek Maasikmets; Oliver Järvik. 2020. "Mineral and Heavy Metal Composition of Oil Shale Ash from Oxyfuel Combustion." ACS Omega 5, no. 50: 32498-32506.

Research paper
Published: 01 December 2020 in Soil Use and Management
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In‐field soil testing and soil mapping can contribute to addressing the challenge of poor soil fertility and limited fertiliser application across sub‐Saharan Africa. Semi‐quantitative colorimetric methods such as paper test strips, are frequently employed in soil nutrient assessment across developing countries, especially in South‐East Asia. This research investigated the accuracy of nutrient‐sensitive paper strips and smartphone, which was re‐purposed to act as a reflectometer, to assess soil nitrate‐N, and different methods for mapping soil fertility to identify areas of land that are suitable for human waste derived fertilisers (HWDF) application. The study entailed testing soil samples across 42 different farms in Kenya and Ghana and compared it to laboratory results in‐country. It was found that paper strips were capable of assessing available nitrate‐N concentration present in the soil within ± 20 kg ha‐1 of the standard method for 86% of the farms. Paper strips were less effective in Ghana as they had been calibrated for a method that was not used by local laboratories. Paper strips were not effective for HWDF samples, where chemical interferences and concentration of different forms of nitrates were too high, resulting in overestimation of readings and thus negatively affecting any associated nutrient management advice. Soil mapping has the potential to use open‐source data to inform farmers through mobile technology. For soil mapping two methods were deployed which includes targeting organic matter deficient areas and stakeholder led mapping, with the latter shown to be more effective in identifying areas for HWDF application.

ACS Style

Adrian Mallory; Karolina Golicz; Ruben Sakrabani. An analysis of in‐field soil testing and mapping for improving fertilizer decision‐making in vegetable production in Kenya and Ghana. Soil Use and Management 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Adrian Mallory, Karolina Golicz, Ruben Sakrabani. An analysis of in‐field soil testing and mapping for improving fertilizer decision‐making in vegetable production in Kenya and Ghana. Soil Use and Management. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrian Mallory; Karolina Golicz; Ruben Sakrabani. 2020. "An analysis of in‐field soil testing and mapping for improving fertilizer decision‐making in vegetable production in Kenya and Ghana." Soil Use and Management , no. : 1.

Full length original research paper
Published: 18 November 2020 in Water and Environment Journal
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Agricultural phosphate (PO43‐) is a major cause of water quality compliance failures. Filter socks (FS) are a sediment‐control method proven to be effective at removing sediment and sediment bound‐P. Within the water and wastewater treatment industries phosphorous sorbing materials (PSMs) are widely used to remove reactive PO43‐. Combining PSMs with FS provides an opportunity to concomitantly remove sediment, sediment bound‐P and PO43‐ from agricultural runoff. A column experiment was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of selected PSMs to remove PO43‐ across a range of PO43‐ concentrations (0.08, 0.26 and 1.3 mg/l) and contrasting FS fill media (PAS 100 Compost and Woodchip). The results indicate that Ca‐enriched ferrihydrite removed up to 99% of PO43‐, and was the only PSM to reduce PO43‐ to below the target value of <0.05 mg/l. An initial cost benefit analysis indicates that PSM‐enhanced FS are a viable option to remove PO43‐ from agricultural runoff.

ACS Style

A. L. Cooke; R. W. Simmons; R. J. Rickson; Er. Sakrabani. Efficacy of selected phosphorus sorbing materials (PSMs) to enhance the orthophosphate sorption capacity of filter socks. Water and Environment Journal 2020, 35, 807 -818.

AMA Style

A. L. Cooke, R. W. Simmons, R. J. Rickson, Er. Sakrabani. Efficacy of selected phosphorus sorbing materials (PSMs) to enhance the orthophosphate sorption capacity of filter socks. Water and Environment Journal. 2020; 35 (2):807-818.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. L. Cooke; R. W. Simmons; R. J. Rickson; Er. Sakrabani. 2020. "Efficacy of selected phosphorus sorbing materials (PSMs) to enhance the orthophosphate sorption capacity of filter socks." Water and Environment Journal 35, no. 2: 807-818.

Journal article
Published: 30 October 2020 in Energy Conversion and Management
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Hydrogen is an attractive energy carrier that will play a key role in future global energy transitions. This work investigates the techno-economic performance of six different sorption enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) configurations integrated with an indirect natural gas or biomass-fired calciner, oxy-fuel combustion and chemical-looping combustion for large-scale blue and carbon-negative hydrogen production. The techno-economic performance of the proposed cases was evaluated by their net efficiency, CO2 capture efficiency, levelised cost of hydrogen (LCOH), and costs of CO2 avoided and removal. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted to evaluate the key parameters and explore existing uncertainties that can affect the economic performance of the proposed SE-SMR processes. The results revealed that the proposed systems were comparable with conventional steam methane reforming (SMR) with carbon capture and storage (CCS). The LCOH of the proposed SE-SMR plants ranged from £1.90–2.80/kg, and the costs of CO2 avoided and removal ranged from £33-69/tonne and £58-107/tonne, respectively. By applying a carbon price (£16/tonne CO2), the costs of CO2 avoided and removal for the proposed SE-SMR processes could be significantly reduced. The results of cumulative discounted cash flow of SE-SMR plants at a hydrogen selling price of £3.00/kg indicated that all the investment of the proposed cases could be paid back after eight years, even if the carbon tax is zero.

ACS Style

Yongliang Yan; Vasilije Manovic; Edward J. Anthony; Peter T. Clough. Techno-economic analysis of low-carbon hydrogen production by sorption enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) processes. Energy Conversion and Management 2020, 226, 113530 .

AMA Style

Yongliang Yan, Vasilije Manovic, Edward J. Anthony, Peter T. Clough. Techno-economic analysis of low-carbon hydrogen production by sorption enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) processes. Energy Conversion and Management. 2020; 226 ():113530.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongliang Yan; Vasilije Manovic; Edward J. Anthony; Peter T. Clough. 2020. "Techno-economic analysis of low-carbon hydrogen production by sorption enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) processes." Energy Conversion and Management 226, no. : 113530.

Journal article
Published: 29 October 2020 in Molecules
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This study explores the use of a novel activating agent and demonstrates the production and characterisation of activated carbon (AC) from a combine palm waste (CPW) in 3:2:1 proportion by weight of empty fruit bunch, mesocarp fibre and palm kernel shell. The resulting biomass was processed by a microwave-assisted method using trona and compared with material produced by conventional routes. These results demonstrate the potential of trona ore as an activating agent and the effectiveness of using a combined palm waste for a single stream activation process. It also assesses the effectiveness of trona ore in the elimination of alcohol, acids and aldehydes; with a focus on increasing the hydrophilicity of the resultant AC. The optimum results for the conventional production technique at 800 °C yielded a material with SBET 920 m2/g, Vtotal 0.840 cm3/g, a mean pore diameter of 2.2 nm and an AC yield 40%. The optimum outcome of the microwave assisted technique for CPW was achieved at 600 W, SBET is 980 m2/g; Vtotal 0.865 cm3/g; a mean pore diameter 2.2 nm and an AC yield of 42%. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analyses showed that palm waste can be combined to produce AC and that trona ore has the capacity to significantly enhance biomass activation.

ACS Style

Kalu Ukanwa; Kumar Patchigolla; Ruben Sakrabani; Edward Anthony. Preparation and Characterisation of Activated Carbon from Palm Mixed Waste Treated with Trona Ore. Molecules 2020, 25, 5028 .

AMA Style

Kalu Ukanwa, Kumar Patchigolla, Ruben Sakrabani, Edward Anthony. Preparation and Characterisation of Activated Carbon from Palm Mixed Waste Treated with Trona Ore. Molecules. 2020; 25 (21):5028.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kalu Ukanwa; Kumar Patchigolla; Ruben Sakrabani; Edward Anthony. 2020. "Preparation and Characterisation of Activated Carbon from Palm Mixed Waste Treated with Trona Ore." Molecules 25, no. 21: 5028.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2020 in Chemical Engineering Journal
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Lithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4) represents a potential class of high-temperature sorbents for CO2 capture in power plants and sorption enhanced methane reforming to produce H2. However, conventional wisdom suggests that pure Li4SiO4 should have extremely slow sorption kinetics at realistic low CO2 concentrations. Here, we report the opposite result: using a simple and cost-effective glucose-based mild combustion procedure, an unusually efficient and pure form of Li4SiO4 (MC-0.6) was synthesized to achieve a maximum uptake capacity of 35.0 wt% at 580 °C for CO2 concentrations under 15 vol% and maintained this capacity over multiple cycles. The characterization results showed that highly porous nano-agglomerate-like (50–100 nm) morphologies were apparent and ensured a rapid surface-sorption of CO2. In this process, a macroporous nano-sized Li2SiO3 cover on the melt layer of Li2CO3 was identified for the first time. This special structure appeared to accelerate the transportation of CO2 and the diffusion of Li+ and O2− through a molten layer enhancing contact with CO2. Thus, the sample MC-0.6 reduced both the surface-sorption and diffusion kinetics dependence on low CO2 concentrations. Rather than use traditional approaches (controlled morphologies combined with doping), we have demonstrated that the slow kinetics can be overcome simply by a controlled morphologies strategy, which opens up a new direction for the synthesis of high-performance Li4SiO4 sorbents.

ACS Style

Ke Wang; Feng Gu; Peter T. Clough; Youwei Zhao; Pengfei Zhao; Edward J. Anthony. Molten shell-activated, high-performance, un-doped Li4SiO4 for high-temperature CO2 capture at low CO2 concentrations. Chemical Engineering Journal 2020, 408, 127353 .

AMA Style

Ke Wang, Feng Gu, Peter T. Clough, Youwei Zhao, Pengfei Zhao, Edward J. Anthony. Molten shell-activated, high-performance, un-doped Li4SiO4 for high-temperature CO2 capture at low CO2 concentrations. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2020; 408 ():127353.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ke Wang; Feng Gu; Peter T. Clough; Youwei Zhao; Pengfei Zhao; Edward J. Anthony. 2020. "Molten shell-activated, high-performance, un-doped Li4SiO4 for high-temperature CO2 capture at low CO2 concentrations." Chemical Engineering Journal 408, no. : 127353.

Journal article
Published: 24 August 2020 in Agricultural Water Management
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ACS Style

Alban Echchelh; Tim Hess; Ruben Sakrabani; Stephane Prigent; Alexandros Stefanakis. Towards agro-environmentally sustainable irrigation with treated produced water in hyper-arid environments. Agricultural Water Management 2020, 243, 1 .

AMA Style

Alban Echchelh, Tim Hess, Ruben Sakrabani, Stephane Prigent, Alexandros Stefanakis. Towards agro-environmentally sustainable irrigation with treated produced water in hyper-arid environments. Agricultural Water Management. 2020; 243 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alban Echchelh; Tim Hess; Ruben Sakrabani; Stephane Prigent; Alexandros Stefanakis. 2020. "Towards agro-environmentally sustainable irrigation with treated produced water in hyper-arid environments." Agricultural Water Management 243, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 23 July 2020 in Journal of Molecular Liquids
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To study CO2 capture potential, three types of transition-temperature mixtures (TTMs) were prepared by mixing ethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (MTPPB) as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and n-methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) in different molar ratios (1:7, 1:10 and 1:16). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results showed that TTMs have almost similar spectra to their HBD (MDEA) with different levels of transmittance and exhibit similar behavior. From the experimental results, it was found that the thermal stability, viscosity and surface tension of TTMs decreased as the concentration of MDEA in the mixture increased. According to response surface methodology (RSM) models and analysis of variance (ANOVA), temperature and molar ratio had a great effect on the viscosity and surface tension of TTMs. Finally, it was found that CO2 solubility in TTMs (at 303.15 K at pressure up to 1.35 MPa) was enhanced as the MDEA quantity increased in the mixture up to 1:10 mol ratio. However, by increasing MDEA concentration to 16:1 mol ratio, there was a decreasing trend in the CO2 solubility data. Also, all TTMs, particularly TTM containing 10:1 mol MDEA (MTPPB-MDEA 1:10) exhibited an equilibrium loading capacity approaching 1 mol CO2 per mole solvent at high pressure, revealing their high potential for CO2 capture. A comparison showed that the CO2 solubility in the studied solvents was higher than that of existing deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and other TTMs as well as several ionic liquids (ILs) to date. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the CO2 solubility in phosphonium-base TTMs containing MDEA.

ACS Style

Hosein Ghaedi; Ming Zhao; Peter Clough; Edward J. Anthony; Paul S. Fennell. High CO2 absorption in new amine based-transition-temperature mixtures (deep eutectic analogues) and reporting thermal stability, viscosity and surface tension: Response surface methodology (RSM). Journal of Molecular Liquids 2020, 316, 113863 .

AMA Style

Hosein Ghaedi, Ming Zhao, Peter Clough, Edward J. Anthony, Paul S. Fennell. High CO2 absorption in new amine based-transition-temperature mixtures (deep eutectic analogues) and reporting thermal stability, viscosity and surface tension: Response surface methodology (RSM). Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2020; 316 ():113863.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hosein Ghaedi; Ming Zhao; Peter Clough; Edward J. Anthony; Paul S. Fennell. 2020. "High CO2 absorption in new amine based-transition-temperature mixtures (deep eutectic analogues) and reporting thermal stability, viscosity and surface tension: Response surface methodology (RSM)." Journal of Molecular Liquids 316, no. : 113863.

Journal article
Published: 22 July 2020 in Energy Reports
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The present study focused on co-gasification of empty fruit bunch (EFB), mesocarp fibre (MF) and palm kernel shell (PKS) in a 75 kWth pilot scale downdraft gasifier for possible synergic reactions between the biomass. A series of experiments was carried out using equal blend of EFB, MF, and PKS (particle sizes of 14 and 6.7 mm) and equal blend of MF and PKS. Advanced infrared multi-gas analyser, and thermal conductivity gas analyser were employed to measure the produced gases. The elemental compositions of the raw biomass, ash and slag generated were determined using Scanning Field Emission Gun Scanning Electron Microscopy with accelerating voltage 20.0 kV and working distance 6 mm and the measurements processed using AztecEnergy V2.2 software. The co-gasification of blend of EFB, MF, and PKS, compared to the blend of MF and PKS led to higher gas yield (4.82 and 3.47 m3/kg_biomass), cold gas efficiency (16.2 and 13.37%), and carbon conversion efficiency (56.3 and 34.18%), respectively. When compared to particle size of 14 mm, the PKS of particle size of 6.7 mm in the EFB/MF/PKS blend increased the lower heating value and the higher heating value of the producer gas by 20% and 20.3%, respectively, and the residue yield was 18.6% less. The overall result has provided evidence on the importance of co-gasification of biomass especially EFB, MF and PKS, which will result in increased utilization of EFB.

ACS Style

Kelechi E. Anyaoha; Ruben Sakrabani; Kumar Patchigolla; Abdul M. Mouazen. Co-gasification of oil palm biomass in a pilot scale downdraft gasifier. Energy Reports 2020, 6, 1888 -1896.

AMA Style

Kelechi E. Anyaoha, Ruben Sakrabani, Kumar Patchigolla, Abdul M. Mouazen. Co-gasification of oil palm biomass in a pilot scale downdraft gasifier. Energy Reports. 2020; 6 ():1888-1896.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kelechi E. Anyaoha; Ruben Sakrabani; Kumar Patchigolla; Abdul M. Mouazen. 2020. "Co-gasification of oil palm biomass in a pilot scale downdraft gasifier." Energy Reports 6, no. : 1888-1896.

Journal article
Published: 21 July 2020 in Energy Conversion and Management
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Clean and carbon-free hydrogen production is expected to play a vital role in future global energy transitions. In this work, six process arrangements for sorption enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) are proposed for blue H2 production: 1) SE-SMR with an air fired calciner, 2) SE-SMR with a Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) unit, 3) SE-SMR thermally coupled with Chemical-Looping Combustion (CLC), 4) SE-SMR+PSA+CLC, 5) SE-SMR+PSA with an oxy-fired calciner, 6) SE-SMR+PSA with an indirect H2 -fired calciner. The proposed process models with rigorous heat exchanger network design were simulated in Aspen Plus to understand the thermodynamic limitations in achieving the maximum CH4 conversion, H2 purity, CO2 capture efficiency, cold gas efficiency and net operating efficiency. A sensitivity study was also performed for changes in the reformer temperature, pressure, and steam to carbon (S/C) ratio to explore the optimal operating space for each case. The SE-SMR+PSA+H2 recycle process (Case 6) can achieve a maximum of 94.2% carbon capture with a trade-off in cold gas efficiency (51.3%), while a near 100% carbon capture with the maximum net efficiency of up to 76.3% is realisable by integrating CLC and PSA (Case 4) at 25 bar. Integration of oxy-fuel combustion lowers the net efficiency by 2.7% points due to the need for an air separation unit. In addition, the SE-SMR with the PSA_process can be designed as a self-sustaining process without any additional fuel required to meet the process heat utility when the S/C ratio is ~3–3.5.

ACS Style

Yongliang Yan; Dhinesh Thanganadar; Peter T. Clough; Sanjay Mukherjee; Kumar Patchigolla; Vasilije Manovic; Edward J. Anthony. Process simulations of blue hydrogen production by upgraded sorption enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) processes. Energy Conversion and Management 2020, 222, 113144 .

AMA Style

Yongliang Yan, Dhinesh Thanganadar, Peter T. Clough, Sanjay Mukherjee, Kumar Patchigolla, Vasilije Manovic, Edward J. Anthony. Process simulations of blue hydrogen production by upgraded sorption enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) processes. Energy Conversion and Management. 2020; 222 ():113144.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yongliang Yan; Dhinesh Thanganadar; Peter T. Clough; Sanjay Mukherjee; Kumar Patchigolla; Vasilije Manovic; Edward J. Anthony. 2020. "Process simulations of blue hydrogen production by upgraded sorption enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) processes." Energy Conversion and Management 222, no. : 113144.

Journal article
Published: 23 June 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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Lead (Pb) and copper (Cu) contamination seriously threatens agricultural production and food safety. This study aims to investigate Pb and Cu induced hormetic effect and toxicity mechanisms in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and establish reliable empirical models of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) transfer in the soil–plant system. The content and distribution of Pb and Cu at subcellular levels in lettuce plants were examined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, differential centrifugation and micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The PTE-loaded capacity of Pb that ensures food safety was lower than that of Cu in the studied soil, but the PTE-loaded capacity of Pb that limits yield was higher than that of Cu. Lead in lettuce roots mainly accumulated in the cell wall (41%), while Cu mainly accumulated in the vacuoles (46%). The Pb and Cu were primarily distributed in the radicle of lettuce seeds under severe PTE stress, resulting in no seed development. Iron plaque formed on the root surface of lettuce seedlings and sequestered Pb and Cu via chelation. At the same concentration, lettuce was less tolerant to Cu in contaminated soil than Pb due to the higher activity of Cu ions in the soil. Lead was more phytotoxic to lettuce than Cu, however, since the radicle emerged from the seed under severe Cu levels, while it did not protrude under severe Pb levels. The potentially damaging effect of Pb in the visually healthy lettuce appeared to be higher than that of Cu under the same soil contamination level.

ACS Style

Jianhong Li; Yong Qiu; Qingjie Zhao; Dongliang Chen; Zhipeng Wu; An-An Peng; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Lukáš Trakal; Ruben Sakrabani; Bin Gao; Hailong Wang; Weidong Wu. Lead and copper-induced hormetic effect and toxicity mechanisms in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in a contaminated soil. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 741, 140440 .

AMA Style

Jianhong Li, Yong Qiu, Qingjie Zhao, Dongliang Chen, Zhipeng Wu, An-An Peng, Nabeel Khan Niazi, Lukáš Trakal, Ruben Sakrabani, Bin Gao, Hailong Wang, Weidong Wu. Lead and copper-induced hormetic effect and toxicity mechanisms in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in a contaminated soil. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 741 ():140440.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianhong Li; Yong Qiu; Qingjie Zhao; Dongliang Chen; Zhipeng Wu; An-An Peng; Nabeel Khan Niazi; Lukáš Trakal; Ruben Sakrabani; Bin Gao; Hailong Wang; Weidong Wu. 2020. "Lead and copper-induced hormetic effect and toxicity mechanisms in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in a contaminated soil." Science of The Total Environment 741, no. : 140440.

Journal article
Published: 03 June 2020 in Computers and Electronics in Agriculture
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Smartphone technology has now penetrated every aspect of modern life. At such high rates of access and utilization, there is today much potential for the development of smartphones as high-performing tools in a number of industries. Traditionally, smartphones have been used as e.g. point-of-care testing devices in developing countries; now a similar approach can be extended to agriculture. This paper assesses the viability of utilizing smartphones in soil analysis. An Android-based smartphone application, in conjunction with commercially available Quantofix® test strips, was employed to analyze 92 soil samples collected across Indonesia. The soils tested encompassed a wide range of different textures (with 13%, 60% and 25% of samples constituting sandy, loamy and clayey soils, respectively), soil organic matter contents (range: 0.8–19.7%) and nutrient concentrations (range for plant-available N: 0.1–137.4 mg kg−1 and P: 1.2 to 64.2 mg kg−1; on dry soil basis). The app utilizes the smartphone as a portable reflectometer, which relates the color of test strips to the concentration of particular nutrients present in the soil medium. Three mobile devices currently available on the market, representing low, mid- and high-end products, were used to test the application. The results obtained via the smartphone were compared against standard methods for determination of extractable nitrate-N and exchangeable phosphorus (Olsen-P) under laboratory conditions. The smartphone-mediated soil analysis was found to have a high degree of agreement with standard methods for nitrate-N determination (87% of samples with nitrate-N differed by less than 10 mg kg−1 from the standard method for the high-end smartphone) but not for phosphorus determination where chemical interferences to test strip colour development were noted. All three mobile devices were shown to be effective as portable reflectometers. However, color perception was found to differ amongst the devices, resulting in a consistent bias between the high-end phone and the remaining appliances. Whereas, it is essential to consider the inter-smartphone variability in readings and environmental factors such as temperature prior to the smartphone-mediated soil analysis, the smartphone-test strip combination might be employed as acceptable screening tool for soil nutrient concentration assessment to enhance crop outcomes, increasing yield, and preventing over-application of inputs, reducing consequent financial and environmental impact. Further enhancements can test the applicability of smartphone-mediated soil analysis in field conditions.

ACS Style

Karolina Golicz; Stephen Hallett; Ruben Sakrabani; Joy Ghosh. Adapting smartphone app used in water testing, for soil nutrient analysis. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 2020, 175, 105532 .

AMA Style

Karolina Golicz, Stephen Hallett, Ruben Sakrabani, Joy Ghosh. Adapting smartphone app used in water testing, for soil nutrient analysis. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2020; 175 ():105532.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karolina Golicz; Stephen Hallett; Ruben Sakrabani; Joy Ghosh. 2020. "Adapting smartphone app used in water testing, for soil nutrient analysis." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 175, no. : 105532.