A field experiment was conducted during 2006 and 2007 rainy season on a silty loam soil at Pusa, Bihar to study the effect of inorganic fertilizer in combination with organic sources, viz. vermicompost, poultry manure, FYM and green manuring under four dates of transplanting (5, 15, 25 July and 4 August) on rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Rice Rajendra Suwasani recorded significantly higher values of yield attributes (panicles/m2, panicle length, grains/ panicle, panicle weight, 1000-grains weight), yields and nutrient accumulation under integrated source of nutrients than inorganic fertilizer alone. Maximum grain yield (4.12 t/ha) was with 75% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) + 25% N from dhaincha ( Sesbania aculata L.) and it was 14.8 and 26.1% higher over 100 and 75% RDN, respectively. There was significant reduction in yield attributes, yields and nutrient uptake due to delayed trans- planting. Transplanting on 5 July recorded 13.6 and 25.3% higher grain yield than transplanting on 25 July and 4 August, respectively.

In this article, the static response of a functionally graded material (FGM) plate is studied via hybrid higher-order shear deformation theory which uses hyperbolic and polynomial shape functions and includes the effect of thickness stretching. The composition of the plate comprises metallic and ceramic phases. The ceramic volume fraction varies gradually along with the thickness following the power law. The mechanical properties of the FGM plate are determined by the rule of mixtures and the Mori–Tanaka homogenization scheme. The displacement fields are defined to satisfy the requirement of traction-free boundary conditions at the bottom and top surfaces of the plate surface removing the need for determination of shear correction factor. A C⁰ continuity FE model is developed for the present mathematical model. Nine-node isoparametric elements with eight nodal unknowns at each node are developed. The present model comparison with existing literature is completed and found to be coherent. Inhouse MATLAB code is developed for the present work. Sinusoidal and uniformly distributed loading is analyzed in the present work. The parametric study is undertaken to explore the effect of the side-to-thickness ratio, aspect ratio, thickness, and volume fraction index on stresses and transverse displacements.

Blast resistant buildings consists various combinations of wall claddings and structural system. Cast-in-place concrete and corrugated steel plates are most common front wall claddings that are being used in the industry. Wall cladding is an important element of the building because this is the first barrier of the building against the blast wave. Its dynamic interaction with the blast wave depends on its geometry, material properties and blast wave parameters. While ductility and fundamental period of vibration are the primary factors which controls the resistance against blast. Wall claddings are attached to the structural system, therefore the blast reactions from the edges are being transferred to the structural system. This reaction is function of ductility and fundamental time period of wall cladding. Construction of concrete front wall needs some flexibility in schedule of the project while corrugated steel plates require higher budgetary demand on the project. Therefore in the present paper, a parametric study being done to calculate thickness of front wall for various blast pressures, duration of blast pressure, reinforcement, span of wall for a simply supported end condition, which is the most common boundary condition in the practice. Ready to use charts are prepared to estimate the quantities in design.

The geometric nonlinearity-based free vibration analysis of shear deformable functionally graded material (FGM) plates is investigated in this paper. The nonlinear finite element equations are derived from hybrid hyperbolic higher-order shear deformation theory (HSDT). The Green–Lagrange...

River discharge prediction is a critical subject in water resource engineering concerns. The HEC-HMS model and random forest (RF) models have been successfully used in discharge forecasting problems. In this research HEC-HMS model and RF were applied for forecast daily discharge for M.H. Halli gauge Station which lies in Karnataka state region in India. In order to calibration and validation of the models, the recorded daily rainfall, temperature and discharge which available for fifteen years (2003–2017) was divided into two sets. The output of the HEC-HMS model was compared with the recorded data of the discharge, the residual time series values, which resulted from the comparison, was solved by using the RF approach. The root means square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2) for M.H. Halli station using HEC-HMS model were found to be more efficient than RF model in forecasting the daily discharge. The current study's findings supported the proposed methodology's applicability for precise discharge modeling.