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In the article, unique formulations of biodegradable, non-toxic, edible oil-based release oils were developed and tested on architectural concrete. The produced agents have physicochemical properties similar to diesel fuel, but at the same time, are renewable and biodegradable products. An ultrasound was used to properly combine the liquid phase of edible oil and the liquid phase of glyceryl trioleate and/or water. Based on the PN-B-19305 standard, seven-component configurations were designed and then tested. The wettability of the concrete was determined by contact angle (CA) analysis. After the application of the formulations produced, the architectural concrete still had good wettability. The vapor permeability test showed that the tested release agents did not inhibit water vapor diffusion from the tested samples. The O65G35 (65% unique edible oil formula and 35% glyceryl trioleate) concrete had the best absorption. In this case, the CA was 56° after oil application and 46° before. The new agents did not impair the adhesion of the plaster to concrete. The O90W10 concrete showed the best adhesion of plasters made with it—51.9 kN/m2. The study also showed that the concrete surface had excellent paint absorption despite the use of release agents. The architectural concrete was evenly covered with paint without any problem. There were no difficulties in applying it, e.g., greasy places preventing the concrete from being coated with emulsion. The suitability of the produced release oils for lightweight architectural concrete structures intended for facades was confirmed. The best results were obtained after using formulations O65T35 and O90W10.
Danuta Barnat-Hunek; Małgorzata Szafraniec. Influence of Biodegradable Release Oils on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Light-Colored Architectural Concrete. Materials 2021, 14, 4630 .
AMA StyleDanuta Barnat-Hunek, Małgorzata Szafraniec. Influence of Biodegradable Release Oils on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Light-Colored Architectural Concrete. Materials. 2021; 14 (16):4630.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDanuta Barnat-Hunek; Małgorzata Szafraniec. 2021. "Influence of Biodegradable Release Oils on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Light-Colored Architectural Concrete." Materials 14, no. 16: 4630.
The aim of the study was to determine a set of image texture features of the lightweight cementitious composites (LLC) with hydrophobic coatings modified with nanocellulose and use them to assess the materials' durability. A novel method based on a combination of image texture analysis and machine learning methods was proposed. Textural features were extracted from the images obtained with a scanning microscope. The best classification model was built by the Support Vector Machine method using 16 features selected by the Sequential Forward Selection algorithm. The model recognizes one of the four ranges of the contact angle, which is closely related to the degree of resistance of the analyzed material, with an accuracy of 82%. The results obtained show a relationship between the effectiveness of hydrophobic coatings in LCC and images of their surfaces. This relationship can be used with machine learning methods for conducting strength diagnostics of building materials.
Danuta Barnat-Hunek; Zbigniew Omiotek; Małgorzata Szafraniec; Róża Dzierżak. An integrated texture analysis and machine learning approach for durability assessment of lightweight cement composites with hydrophobic coatings modified by nanocellulose. Measurement 2021, 179, 109538 .
AMA StyleDanuta Barnat-Hunek, Zbigniew Omiotek, Małgorzata Szafraniec, Róża Dzierżak. An integrated texture analysis and machine learning approach for durability assessment of lightweight cement composites with hydrophobic coatings modified by nanocellulose. Measurement. 2021; 179 ():109538.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDanuta Barnat-Hunek; Zbigniew Omiotek; Małgorzata Szafraniec; Róża Dzierżak. 2021. "An integrated texture analysis and machine learning approach for durability assessment of lightweight cement composites with hydrophobic coatings modified by nanocellulose." Measurement 179, no. : 109538.
The study on the properties of high strength concrete (HSC) with waste plastic aggregate (WPA) was presented in the paper. Three concrete mixtures were prepared using: Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R, coarse aggregate 2-16 mm, sand, water, superplasticizer and WPA, the quantity of (0; 10; 15%) instead of sand. For the highest WPA content of 15%, the compressive strength is reduced by 15.5% for the standard concrete and amounted to 66.2 MPa. Surface hydrophobization treatment was performed on the HSC using two agents: a methyl silicone resin (A1) and alkyl-alkoxy-silane in organic solvents (A2). Wetting properties of concrete were determined by measuring the contact angle (CA) of their surfaces using water and glycerin. The results of CA measurements proved that all CA of glycerin (θg) were higher than CA of water (θw). The smallest CA (2°) with water was obtained by concrete with the most addition of WPA before hydrophobization and 116.5° after hydrophobization using A1. This concrete is characteristic of the highest porosity, absorptivity among the tested samples. After 150 cycles of freezing-thawing (F-T), no cracks and corrosion in the hydrophobized concrete were observed. The concretes are characterized by an insignificant mass change due to F-T processes in the case of the reference concrete - 1.3%, samples with 15% waste plastic - 3.7% before impregnation. The highest efficiency was obtained for the surface hydrophobized with the methyl silicone resin (A1).
Danuta Barnat-Hunek; Małgorzata Szafraniec; Zbyšek Pavlík. The hydrophobization of high strength concretes with plastic waste. THERMOPHYSICS 2020: 25th International Meeting 2020, 2305, 020001 .
AMA StyleDanuta Barnat-Hunek, Małgorzata Szafraniec, Zbyšek Pavlík. The hydrophobization of high strength concretes with plastic waste. THERMOPHYSICS 2020: 25th International Meeting. 2020; 2305 (1):020001.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDanuta Barnat-Hunek; Małgorzata Szafraniec; Zbyšek Pavlík. 2020. "The hydrophobization of high strength concretes with plastic waste." THERMOPHYSICS 2020: 25th International Meeting 2305, no. 1: 020001.
The paper presented aimed at examining the effect of a fiber-reinforced concrete layer in the compressed zone on the mechanical properties of composite fiber-reinforced concrete slabs. Steel fibers (SF) and polypropylene fibers (PP) in the amount of 1% in relation to the weight of the concrete mix were used as reinforcement fibers. The mixture compositions were developed for the reference concrete, steel fiber concrete and polypropylene fiber concrete. The mechanical properties of the concrete obtained from the designed mixes such as compressive strength, bending strength, modulus of elasticity and frost resistance were tested. The main research elements, i.e., slabs with a reinforced compression zone in the form of a 30 mm layer of concrete with PP or SF were made and tested. The results obtained were compared with a plate made without a strengthening layer. The bending resistance, load capacity and deflection tests were performed on the slabs. A scheme of crack development during the test and a numerical model for the slab element were also devised. The study showed that the composite slabs with fiber-reinforced concrete with PP in the upper layer achieved 12% higher load capacity, with respect to the reference slabs.
Barbara Sadowska-Buraczewska; Małgorzata Szafraniec; Danuta Barnat-Hunek; Grzegorz Łagód. Flexural Behavior of Composite Concrete Slabs Made with Steel and Polypropylene Fibers Reinforced Concrete in the Compression Zone. Materials 2020, 13, 3616 .
AMA StyleBarbara Sadowska-Buraczewska, Małgorzata Szafraniec, Danuta Barnat-Hunek, Grzegorz Łagód. Flexural Behavior of Composite Concrete Slabs Made with Steel and Polypropylene Fibers Reinforced Concrete in the Compression Zone. Materials. 2020; 13 (16):3616.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarbara Sadowska-Buraczewska; Małgorzata Szafraniec; Danuta Barnat-Hunek; Grzegorz Łagód. 2020. "Flexural Behavior of Composite Concrete Slabs Made with Steel and Polypropylene Fibers Reinforced Concrete in the Compression Zone." Materials 13, no. 16: 3616.
The authors wish to make the following correction to this paper
Nikolai Lyubomirskiy; Aleksandr Bakhtin; Stanisław Fic; Małgorzata Szafraniec; Tamara Bakhtinа. Correction: Lyubomirskiy, N., et al. Intensive Ways of Producing Carbonate Curing Building Materials Based on Lime Secondary Raw Materials. Materials 2020, Vol. 13, 2304. Materials 2020, 13, 3477 .
AMA StyleNikolai Lyubomirskiy, Aleksandr Bakhtin, Stanisław Fic, Małgorzata Szafraniec, Tamara Bakhtinа. Correction: Lyubomirskiy, N., et al. Intensive Ways of Producing Carbonate Curing Building Materials Based on Lime Secondary Raw Materials. Materials 2020, Vol. 13, 2304. Materials. 2020; 13 (16):3477.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikolai Lyubomirskiy; Aleksandr Bakhtin; Stanisław Fic; Małgorzata Szafraniec; Tamara Bakhtinа. 2020. "Correction: Lyubomirskiy, N., et al. Intensive Ways of Producing Carbonate Curing Building Materials Based on Lime Secondary Raw Materials. Materials 2020, Vol. 13, 2304." Materials 13, no. 16: 3477.
The aim of the research presented in the paper was to evaluate the feasibility of using hydrophobic preparations based on organosilicon compounds for protection treatment on the lightweight concrete modified with sawdust. The experimental part of the work concerns the physical and mechanical properties of lightweight concrete and the influence of two hydrophobic agents on the contact angle of the material. Lightweight concrete contact angle (θw) was determined as a time function using one measuring liquid. Water repellent coatings in lightweight concrete structure with the coarse aggregate sawdust (CASD) using electron microscopy were presented. The effectiveness of hydrophobisation of porous lightweight concretes was determined on the basis of the research. For the hydrophobic surface, the contact angle decreased and it depended on the used agents. The lowest contact angle of 40.2° (t=0) was obtained for reference concrete before hydrophobisation and 112.2° after hydrophobisation with a methyl-silicone resin based on organic solvent. The results of scientific research confirm the possibility to produce lightweight concretes modified with CASD with adequate surface protection against external moisture.
Małgorzata Szafraniec; Danuta Barnat-Hunek. Evaluation of the contact angle and wettability of hydrophobised lightweight concrete with sawdust. Budownictwo i Architektura 2020, 19, 019 -032.
AMA StyleMałgorzata Szafraniec, Danuta Barnat-Hunek. Evaluation of the contact angle and wettability of hydrophobised lightweight concrete with sawdust. Budownictwo i Architektura. 2020; 19 (2):019-032.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Szafraniec; Danuta Barnat-Hunek. 2020. "Evaluation of the contact angle and wettability of hydrophobised lightweight concrete with sawdust." Budownictwo i Architektura 19, no. 2: 019-032.
Depending on the dimensions of concrete elements, aggregates of different grain sizes are used for the building structures. Taking this fact into account, the authors of the paper have undertaken in their work an issue concerning the analysis of the influence of maximum aggregate grain size on the strength properties and modulus of elasticity of concrete. This is also due to the fact that few published research results are available in this area. In this paper, the influence of the maximum grain size on the basic strength and deformation properties of concrete is discussed. The research concerns both concretes and gravel aggregates used for their construction with maximum grain sizes of 8 mm, 16 mm and 31.5 mm. The values of the compressive and splitting tensile strength, brittleness and modulus of elasticity of concretes with w/c = 0.45 were analysed. The analysis showed that the strength properties are proportional not only to the maximum size of aggregate grain, but also to the crushing strength of the aggregate. There were no analogous relations found with respect to the modulus of elasticity of the tested concretes. Tensile strength was particularly susceptible to the observed changes.
Jacek Góra; Małgorzata Szafraniec. Influence of Maximum Aggregate Grain Size on the Strength Properties and Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleJacek Góra, Małgorzata Szafraniec. Influence of Maximum Aggregate Grain Size on the Strength Properties and Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (11):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJacek Góra; Małgorzata Szafraniec. 2020. "Influence of Maximum Aggregate Grain Size on the Strength Properties and Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11: 1.
The article is dedicated to the research and development of intensive methods for curing products by capturing and binding CO2. It aims to improve and increase the productivity of technologies for the production of artificially carbonated building materials and products. Soda production wastes, limestone dust and finely dispersed limestone dust were used as the research objects. Secondary raw materials have been investigated using modern methods of phase composition and granulometry test. Intensive methods of production of accelerated carbonation of systems consisting of soda wastes were tested using multi-parameter optimization methods. The effects of recycled lime materials on the strength and hydrophysical properties of the obtained material were determined. The secondary raw materials effect depended on the composition of the raw mixture, molding conditions, CO2 concentration applied to the carbonate curing chamber, and the duration of exposure to environments with high CO2 content. It was found that the most effective way of providing accelerated carbonation curing of construction materials and products is a combined carbonation method, combining the principles of dynamic and static methods. It was concluded that the optimal CO2 concentration in the gas-air mixtures used for carbonate curing is 30%–40%.
Nikolai Lyubomirskiy; Aleksandr Bakhtin; Stanisław Fic; Małgorzata Szafraniec; Tamara Bakhtinа. Intensive Ways of Producing Carbonate Curing Building Materials Based on Lime Secondary Raw Materials. Materials 2020, 13, 2304 .
AMA StyleNikolai Lyubomirskiy, Aleksandr Bakhtin, Stanisław Fic, Małgorzata Szafraniec, Tamara Bakhtinа. Intensive Ways of Producing Carbonate Curing Building Materials Based on Lime Secondary Raw Materials. Materials. 2020; 13 (10):2304.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikolai Lyubomirskiy; Aleksandr Bakhtin; Stanisław Fic; Małgorzata Szafraniec; Tamara Bakhtinа. 2020. "Intensive Ways of Producing Carbonate Curing Building Materials Based on Lime Secondary Raw Materials." Materials 13, no. 10: 2304.
The current work presents a hygrothermal analysis of laminated composite rhombic hyperbolic paraboloids. The cubic variation in displacement field together with cross curvature effects of the shell were used to solve the hygrothermal problem. Because of the parabolic variation of the transverse shear deformation, the shear correction factor was not necessary in this paper. In the mathematical model, the zero conditions of the transverse shear stress at the bottom and top of the shell were applied. The nine-noded curved isoparametric element with seven unknowns in each node was used to implement the present realistic mathematical model. The implementation of the finite element C0 (FE) of the present mathematical model was coded and performed in FORTRAN. The skew hyperbolic paraboloid on which the hygrothermal analysis was conducted had various temperatures, ply orientation, curvatures, moisture concentration, boundary conditions and thickness ratio. The paper shows that with the increase of the skew angle, the non-dimensional deflection decreases, and with the increase of moisture concentration, hygrothermal load and curvature ratio, the deflection increases. The results of the model presented in the paper were compared with other results published in the literature and were found to be consistent with them.
Abhay Chaubey; Ajay Kumar; Małgorzata Grzegorczyk-Franczak; Małgorzata Szafraniec. Temperature and moisture effect on laminated rhombic hyperbolic paraboloid. Budownictwo i Architektura 2020, 18, 023 -040.
AMA StyleAbhay Chaubey, Ajay Kumar, Małgorzata Grzegorczyk-Franczak, Małgorzata Szafraniec. Temperature and moisture effect on laminated rhombic hyperbolic paraboloid. Budownictwo i Architektura. 2020; 18 (4):023-040.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbhay Chaubey; Ajay Kumar; Małgorzata Grzegorczyk-Franczak; Małgorzata Szafraniec. 2020. "Temperature and moisture effect on laminated rhombic hyperbolic paraboloid." Budownictwo i Architektura 18, no. 4: 023-040.
The paper explores the possibility of covering the mortar with the lightweight aggregate by the nanopolymer silane and siloxane as surface hydrophobisation. The investigation involved the mortars with two types of hydrophobic agents diluted with water in a ratio of 1:4 and 1:8. Mortar wetting properties were determined by measuring the absorbability, water vapor diffusion, contact angle (CA) and surface free energy (SFE) of their structure. Surface micro-roughness and 2D topography were evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has shown the microstructure and distribution of pores in mortars. The reduction in absorbency after the first day of testing by 87% was shown. An improvement in frost resistance after 25 cycles by 97% and an 18-fold decrease in weight loss after the sulphate crystallization test were observed. The hydrophobic coating reduces the SFE of mortars and increases the CA. In the case of using silanes, a 9-fold increase CA was observed.
Małgorzata Szafraniec; Danuta Barnat-Hunek; Małgorzata Grzegorczyk-Frańczak; Maciej Trochonowicz. Surface Modification of Lightweight Mortars by Nanopolymers to Improve Their Water-Repellency and Durability. Materials 2020, 13, 1350 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata Szafraniec, Danuta Barnat-Hunek, Małgorzata Grzegorczyk-Frańczak, Maciej Trochonowicz. Surface Modification of Lightweight Mortars by Nanopolymers to Improve Their Water-Repellency and Durability. Materials. 2020; 13 (6):1350.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Szafraniec; Danuta Barnat-Hunek; Małgorzata Grzegorczyk-Frańczak; Maciej Trochonowicz. 2020. "Surface Modification of Lightweight Mortars by Nanopolymers to Improve Their Water-Repellency and Durability." Materials 13, no. 6: 1350.
The use of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) in high performance concrete (HPC) was analyzed. The paper presents the experimental studies of model reinforced concrete beams with a rectangular section using high-performance recycled aggregates. Two variable contents of recycled aggregate concrete were used in this study: 50% and 100%. The experimental analyses conducted as immediate studies concerned the following issues: short time loads-deflection, load-carrying capacity of beams, deformation of concrete, cracks, and long-term loads-deflection. The comparative analysis involves the behavior of beams made of high performance concrete-high strength concrete (HPC-HSC) recycled aggregates with model control elements made of regular concrete based on natural aggregates. The deflection values for the recycled aggregate beams were 20% higher than in the case of the control beams made of HPC-HSC exclusively. Replacement of aggregate with recycled concrete aggregate resulted in a large decrease in the value of these two parameters, i.e., compression strength by about 42% and modulus of elasticity by about 33%.
Barbara Sadowska-Buraczewska; Danuta Barnat-Hunek; Małgorzata Szafraniec. Influence of Recycled High-Performance Aggregate on Deformation and Load-Carrying Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Beams. Materials 2020, 13, 186 .
AMA StyleBarbara Sadowska-Buraczewska, Danuta Barnat-Hunek, Małgorzata Szafraniec. Influence of Recycled High-Performance Aggregate on Deformation and Load-Carrying Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Beams. Materials. 2020; 13 (1):186.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarbara Sadowska-Buraczewska; Danuta Barnat-Hunek; Małgorzata Szafraniec. 2020. "Influence of Recycled High-Performance Aggregate on Deformation and Load-Carrying Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Beams." Materials 13, no. 1: 186.
The aim of the research that is presented in this paper was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of heat-insulating mortars with expanded cork aggregates and different binders. In this work, the measurements of surface roughness and adhesion strength, supported by determination of basic mechanical and physical parameters, such as density, bulk density, open porosity, total porosity, absorbability, thermal conductivity coefficient, compressive strength, flexural strength, and frost resistance of mortars containing expanded oak cork, were performed. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations demonstrated the microstructure, contact zone, and distribution of pores in the heat-insulating mortars containing expanded cork. The results indicated that the addition of expanded cork and different binders in heat-insulating mortars triggers changes in their roughness and adhesion strength. The SEM research confirmed the very good adhesion of the paste to the cork aggregate.
Danuta Barnat-Hunek; Marcin K. Widomski; Małgorzata Szafraniec; Grzegorz Łagód. Impact of Different Binders on the Roughness, Adhesion Strength, and Other Properties of Mortars with Expanded Cork. Materials 2018, 11, 364 .
AMA StyleDanuta Barnat-Hunek, Marcin K. Widomski, Małgorzata Szafraniec, Grzegorz Łagód. Impact of Different Binders on the Roughness, Adhesion Strength, and Other Properties of Mortars with Expanded Cork. Materials. 2018; 11 (3):364.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDanuta Barnat-Hunek; Marcin K. Widomski; Małgorzata Szafraniec; Grzegorz Łagód. 2018. "Impact of Different Binders on the Roughness, Adhesion Strength, and Other Properties of Mortars with Expanded Cork." Materials 11, no. 3: 364.