Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative aging disorder that manifests as motor and non-motor symptoms, and its etiopathogenesis is influenced by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Signal pathway and gene sequence studies have proposed that alteration of ncRNAs is relevant to the occurrence and development of PD. Furthermore, many studies on brain tissues and body fluids from patients with PD indicate that variations in ncRNAs and their target genes could trigger or exacerbate neurodegenerative pathogenesis and serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers of PD. Numerous ncRNAs have been considered regulators of apoptosis, α-syn misfolding and aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and neuroinflammation in PD etiology, and evidence is mounting for the determination of the role of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms in disease development. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the regulation and function of ncRNAs as well as ceRNA networks in PD pathogenesis, focusing on microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs to increase the understanding of the disease and propose potential target identification and treatment in the early stages of PD.

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is linked with metabolic risk factors including body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), cholesterol levels, and triglycerides (TG). The extent to which these factors affect motor symptoms, depression, and sleep problems in PD, as well as their role in determining the success of deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy, is yet to be fully understood. Methods: This study delved into the effects of metabolic risk factors like BMI, FBG, cholesterol, and TG on the outcomes of DBS in treating PD-related depression and sleep disturbances across both mouse models and human subjects. Results: DBS showcased noticeable betterment in depression and sleep perturbations in both PD-afflicted mice and patients. High-sugar–high-fat diet aggravates MPTP-induced depression and sleep disorders in mice. PD-afflicted individuals presenting with depressive and sleep disorders demonstrated elevated metrics of BMI, FBG, blood cholesterol, and TG. Remarkably, these metrics bore considerable adverse influences on the efficiency of DBS in ameliorating depression and sleep issues yet spared motor symptoms. The favorable impacts of DBS persisted for ~6 years, after which a significant decline was noted. Importantly, our translational evidence from both murine controls and patient cohorts indicated that antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic therapies bolstered the efficacy of DBS in mitigating PD-related depression and sleep disturbances, without impinging upon motor functions in patients. Conclusion: In summary, this research emphasizes that DBS is a powerful treatment option for depression and sleep issues in PD, with its success influenced by metabolic risk factors. It further suggests that incorporating treatments for high blood sugar and cholesterol can enhance the efficacy of DBS in treating depression and sleep disturbances in PD, without impacting motor symptoms, highlighting the importance of metabolic risk management in PD patients receiving DBS.

Optic neuritis, myelitis, and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) have been associated with antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (anti-MOG-IgG). Furthermore, patients with radiological and demographic features atypical for multiple sclerosis (MS) with optic neuritis and myelitis also demonstrate antibodies against aquaporin-4 and anti-MOG-IgG. However, data on the diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and prognosis in patients with anti-MOG-IgG are limited. To evaluate the clinical, radiological, and demographic characteristics of patients with anti-MOG-IgG. Multicenter, retrospective, observational study. Patients with blood samples demonstrating anti-MOG-IgG that had been evaluated at the Neuroimmunology laboratory at Ondokuz Mayıs University's Faculty of Medicine were included in the study. Of the 104 patients with anti-MOG-IgG, 56.7% were women and 43.3% were men. Approximately 2.4% of the patients were diagnosed with MS, 15.8% with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), 39.4% with NMOSD, 31.3% with isolated optic neuritis, and 11.1% with isolated myelitis. Approximately 53.1% of patients with spinal involvement at clinical onset demonstrated a clinical course of NMOSD. Thereafter, 8.8% of these patients demonstrated a clinical course similar to MS and ADEM, and 28.1% demonstrated a clinical course of isolated myelitis. The response to acute attack treatment was lower and the disability was higher in patients aged > 40 years than patients aged < 40 years at clinical onset. Oligoclonal band was detected in 15.5% of the patients. For patients with NMOSD and without anti-NMO antibodies, the diagnosis is supported by the presence of anti-MOG-IgG. Furthermore, advanced age at clinical onset, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at clinical onset, spinal cord involvement, and number of attacks may be negative prognostic factors in patients with anti-MOG-IgG.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to ascertain the effect of health fatalism on health perception and health-seeking behavior with multiple sclerosis in Türkiye. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted between September 2023 and August 2024. The study sample consisted of 382 patients with MS, obtained through the snowball sampling method. The data collection tools included the descriptive information form, Health Fatalism Scale, Health Perception Scale, and Health Seeking Behavior Scale. The data were evaluated using means, percentage calculations, t test, variance analysis, Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test and MANOVA.The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Result: Among the participants, 86.6% were female, 63.7% had obtained a university degree, 65.8% were married, 46.2% were not employed, 70.2% had a moderate income, 88.3% took their medications as prescribed, and 89.9% underwent regular health examinations. The Health Fatalism Scale was found to be 40.40 ± 15.19. The total score for the Health Perception Scale was 50.73 ± 7.18. The mean total score for the Health Seeking Behavior Scale was 38.60 ± 8.44. The effect of health fatalism on the total score of the health perception scale was found to be significant (p=0.005), with health perception explained by health fatalism to the extent of 10.9%. However, no effect of health fatalism on health-seeking behavior was observed (p=0.987). Conclusion: It was observed that as health fatalism increased, health perception was negatively affected. However, health perception and health fatalism did not affect health-seeking behavior.

Background: Studies indicate that depression and cognitive functions are important issues of mental health, a serious health issue worth evaluating with possible alternative non-medical treatment options in MS patients. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of practice on fatigue, respiratory closure, depression and cognition in patients diagnosed with MS and whether the benefit of Hatha Yoga training is affected by personality structure. Methods: The study included 25 participants between the ages of 18 and 70 who were diagnosed with MS, with an EDSS of 6 and below and who did not show symptoms of depression and did not use antidepressants. Any previous cerebrovascular disease, hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), thyroid dysfunction, or vitamin B12 deficiency was determined as an exclusion criterion. In the study, patients received Hatha Yoga practice 2 days a week for 8 weeks. The MOCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) and Beck Depression Scale, personality analysis test, pulmonary function test, and Fatigue Impact Scale were applied to all patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria at the beginning and after the completion of Yoga practice. Results: According to the results obtained, a statistically significant decrease in Beck Depression Inventory scores (p = 0.020) and a significant increase in MOCA Cognitive Test scores (p < 0.001) were detected following the yoga intervention. Although an increase was observed in respiratory capacity (FVC), this change did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.082). These findings demonstrate that yoga practice significantly improves depression levels and cognitive functions. The relationship between the benefits derived from yoga training and personality traits was evaluated using the participants’ Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) profiles. Following the yoga intervention, a statistically significant increase was observed in novelty seeking (p < 0.001) and persistence (p < 0.001). Conversely, participants exhibited a significant decrease in harm avoidance post-yoga (p < 0.001). However, no statistically significant changes were found in reward dependence (p = 0.766) or cooperation (p = 0.181) scores after the intervention.