Hand washing with soap is important because it is proven to clean hands from germs and bacteria. The paper soapswere made from coconut oil and virgin coconut oil (VCO) with the addition of glycerin as a plasticizer. The aims of this research were to determine both formulation of paper soap using coconut oil and VCO based with addition of glycerin, and to determine the quality of the paper soapswhich is a disposable hand soap. This research used laboratory experimental method using descriptive analysis. The treatments of this research were treatment A (paper soap without the addition of glycerin), treatment B (paper soap with the addition of glycerin 10% (w/w)), treatment C (paper soap with the addition of glycerin 15% (w/w)), treatment D (paper soap with the addition of glycerin of 20% (w/w)). Parameters tested were moisture content, stability of foam, pH value, insoluble material in ethanol, free alkali content, unsaponified fat, antibacterial activity test, and organoleptic test. The result of physicochemical characteristics for bothcoconut oil-paper soap and VCO-paper soap revealed that treatment C (the addition of glycerin 15% (w/w) was the best soap formulation. Coconut Oil papersoap 15% w/w glicerin had water content 13.72%, the content of insoluble material in ethanol 3.93%, the content of free alkali 0.21%, and the content of unsaponified fat 4.06%, pH value 10.78, stability of foam 97.77%, and antibacterial activity against S. aureus 11.66 mm. Meanwhile, VCO paper soap 15% w/w glicerin had the value of water content of 18.47%, the value stability of foam of 96.7%, the pH value of 10.03, the value of insoluble material in ethanol of 3.49%, the value of free alkali content 0.17%, the value of unsaponified fat 4.91%, and the value of inhibition diameter on the antibacterial activity test 15.28 mm. Based on Mandatory Indonesian National Standard of solid soap SNI 3532:2016 showed that both of paper soap had not been accorded with SNI 3532:2016, unless the value of the insoluble material in ethanol. Moreover, organoleptic tests performed that both paper soap treatment D (20% w/w glicerine) were preferred by the most panelists.

Sansevieria and sisal plants are ornamental plants that are very famous in Indonesia. Both are plants grow easily even though in the area with less water and sunlight. These plants have potential natural fibers that are used as raw material requirements for the fabric textile industry. The aims of this research were to determine physical and mechanical characteristics of sansevieria and sisal for fibers utilization. The mechanical decortication process was used for fiber extraction. The research method used was an experimental laboratory with a descriptive method. Parameters measured were length and diameter of fiber, color, fineness, moisture regain, tensile strength, and stretch strength. The results revealed that sansevieria and sisal fibers have diameter 103,60 μm and 182,50 μm; average length 68,40 cm and 81,60 cm; brightness level (L*) 67,62 and 66,42; yellowness (b*) 20,42 dan 23,80; fineness 6,30 tex and 19,70 tex; moisture regain 11,93 and 12,57 tensile strength per bundle 24,891.60 gf and 35,263.90 gf; stretch strength per bundle 20% and 22,90%. The physical and mechanical characterization showed that sisal fiber had better characteristics than sansevieria fiber. Fibers from these two plants have potential textile material characteristics, which are used as a needle.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh amplitudo yang berbeda terhadap sifat fisikokimia ekstrak teh putih dengan menggunakan Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE). Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% serta ukuran bubuk teh putih 18 mesh. Sonikasi digunakan pada amplitudo 25, 50, 75 dan 100%. Metode yang digunakan adalah percobaan laboratorium dengan analisis deskriptif. Parameter uji yang dilakukan meliputi rendemen total, kadar sisa pelarut, bobot jenis, warna, dan kadar polifenol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan penggunaan amplitudo pada proses ekstraksi mempengaruhi nilai rendemen ekstraksi dan mutu ekstrak dengan penggunaan amplitudo 100% sebagai perlakuan terbaik dengan nilai rendemen total sebesar 67,35%; nilai bobot jenis filtrat 0,8241; bobot jenis ekstrak sebesar 1,0306; dan kadar polifenol sebesar 0,90 mg asam galat ekivalen/g bobot kering. Hasil menunjukkan nilai yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan maserasi dengan rendemen ekstraksi hasil maserasi 60,12 %; nilai bobot jenis filtrat 0,8163; bobot jenis ekstrak sebesar 1,0053; dan kadar polifenol sebesar 0,64 mg asam galat ekivalen/g bobot kering. Karakteristik warna ekstrak etanol teh putih seluruh perlakuan amplitudo dan maserasi menghasilkan kromatisitas warna merah. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah adanya pengaruh teknik sonikasi pada sifat fisikokimia ekstrak teh putih dan ekstraksi menggunakan amplitudo 100% menghasilkan nilai rendemen dan kadar polifenol terbaik. Extraction of White Tea by Ultrasound Assisted Extraction at Various AmplitudeAbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different amplitudes on physicochemical properties of white tea extract using Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE). Ethanol was used as solvent and material size was 18 mesh. This research used amplitude: 25, 50, 75, and 100%. The method used laboratory experiment using descriptive analysis. The parameters were total extraction total yield, residual solvent content, specific gravity, colour, and total polyphenol. The result showed that the amplitude in extraction process influenced the yield and the quality of the extract. As much as 100% amplitude was the best treatment resulted in total yield of 67.35%; the specific gravity of filtrate was 0.8241; the specific gravity of extract was 1.0306; and the polyphenol content was 0.90 mgGAE /g dryweight. The result of UAE showed a better result than hot maceration with total yield of 60.12%; specific gravity of filtrate was 0.8163; specific gravity of extract was 1.0053; and polyphenol content was 0.64 mgGAE /g dry weight. Colour characteristics of white tea ethanol extracts from all operating amplitude and hot maceration were resulting in red colour. As conclusion, ultrasound technique provided the physicochemical properties changes of extract and 100% amplitude was resulting best value of yield and polyphenol content.••••••

Ciawitali Village is one of the lime-producing centers in Sumedang, West Java. So far, lime commodities have only been used as agricultural produce which is sold fresh by the local community, while discarded limes, the remaining sorting and pulp of the beverage industry have become waste that has not been utilized. Therefore, further agro-industry development is needed to manage existing resources. Efforts to empower the community to be able to use the potential of their region on their own, one of which is knowledge and skills in entrepreneurship and appropriate technology for the producing handmade dish soap. The purpose of this activity was to apply appropriate technology in the process of processing lime peels into dish soap products while at the same time creating new business opportunities to increase people's income. The approach applied in realizing this program was through the participatory action research (PAR) method. The activities include direct demonstrations of making dish soap, packaging, and monitoring the final quality of soap. The results showed that this activity could (1) increase business motivation, awareness, knowledge and skills of the community through the application of appropriate technology to process local commodities (lime peel) into dish soap products, (2) introduce to the public about opportunities and feasibility analysis of home dish soap business. Dish soap from lime peel has yet to be developed to the point where it can be mass produced and approved by the general public. AbstrakDesa Ciawitali merupakan salah satu sentra penghasil jeruk nipis di Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Selama ini komoditas jeruk nipis hanya dimanfaatkan sebagai hasil bumi yang dijual dalam kondisi segar oleh masyarakat setempat, sedangkan buah nipis yang afkir, sisa sortiran dan ampas industri minuman menjadi limbah yang belum termanfaatkan. Oleh karenanya perlu pengembangan Agroindustri lebih lanjut untuk mengelola sumber daya yang ada. Upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat agar mampu secara mandiri memanfaatkan potensi daerahnya salah satunya dengan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan mengenai wirausaha dan teknologi tepat guna proses pembuatan sabun cuci piring handmade. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah menerapkan teknologi tepat guna pada proses pengolahan kulit jeruk nipis menjadi produk sabun cuci piring sekaligus menciptakan peluang usaha baru untuk meningkatkan pendapatan warga. Pendekatan yang diterapkan dalam merealisasikan program ini melalui metode participatory action research (PAR). Pelaksanaan kegiatan meliputi demonstrasi langsung pembuatan sabun cuci piring, pengemasan, hingga monitoring kualitas akhir sabun. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan ini dapat (1) meningkatkan motivasi usaha, kesadaran, pengetahuan dan ketrampilan masyarakat melalui penerapan teknologi tepat guna untuk mengolah komoditas lokal (kulit jeruk nipis) menjadi produk sabun cuci piring, (2) mengenalkan kepada masyarakat mengenai peluang dan analisis kelayakan usaha sabun cuci piring rumahan. Pembuatan sabun cuci piring berbahan dasar kulit jeruk nipis masih perlu terus dikembangkan supaya dapat diproduksi secara massal dan diterima masyarakat luas.

Kajian Pengaruh Konsentrasi Etanol Terhadap Karakteristik Oleoresin Ampas Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Limbah Penyulingan

α-guaiene is one of the primary sesquiterpene compounds used as a flavor and fragrance agent in patchouli oil. The fraction of patchouli oil that is rich in α-guaiene has been successfully isolated. In the present work, α-guaiene was isolated from crude patchouli oil through vacuum fractional distillation followed by GC-MS identification. Three important process parameters—feed volume, reflux ratio, and applied run pressure—were investigated and optimized using Box–Behnken design. The research methodology was an experimental laboratory using response surface methodology (RSM) with a feed volume level from 75 mL to 125 mL, a reflux ratio from 10:1 to 30:1, and an applied run pressure from 5 mmHg to 15 mmHg. The α-guaiene-enriched fraction was found in the first distillate fraction patchouli. The optimum condition that generated α-guaiene fraction at 44.70% purity was the treatment with a feed volume of 75 mL, a reflux ratio of 24:1, and applied run pressure of 14.80 mmHg. Results indicated that feed volume did not significantly affect the α-guaiene content, while the applied run pressure and reflux ratio used had a significant effect. A quadratic mathematical model with R² 0.861 and validation 96.14% was suitable for predicting the optimum α-guaiene fraction content during the vacuum fractional distillation process.