Background: Depressive symptoms and food insecurity are two of the public health concerns in developing countries. Food insecurity is linked to several chronic diseases, while little is known about the association between food insecurity and depressive symptoms among adults. A person with limited or uncertain availability or access to nutritionally sufficient, socially relevant, and safe foods is defined as a food-insecure person. Materials and methods: Data were obtained from 8613 adults who participated in the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2007 and 2014. The 10 items of the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were used in food consumption score analysis to assess food insecurity based on the concept of the World Food Program (WFP). Depressive symptoms were assessed using 10 items of the self-reported Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) questionnaire. A linear and multiple logistic regression model with a generalized estimating equation was used to test the hypothesis while accounting for the health behaviors and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Food consumption score was negatively associated with CES-D 10 score (β-coefficients: −9.71 × 10⁻³ to −1.06 × 10⁻²; 95% CIs: −7.46 × 10⁻³ to −1.26 × 10⁻²). The borderline and poor food consumption group was positively associated with the depressive symptoms, both in the unadjusted and adjusted models (exponentiated β-coefficients: 1.13 to 1.18; 95% CIs: 1.06 to 1.28). Conclusions: Depressive symptoms were positively significantly associated with food insecurity. Thus, health professionals must be aware of the issue, and should consider health and nutrition programs for adults at risk of food insecurity.

Foodborne diseases (FBDs) have a large disease burden among children. The major type of FBD in children is diarrhea, caused mainly by contaminated food. One of the diarrhea pathogens is Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). The aim of this study was to establish a model of microbial prediction (DEC) in stool, caused by the transmission of FBDs in elementary schoolchildren. An observational analytic study was conducted, with a nested case-control study design. In Stage I, the study population was children in a selected elementary school at Surabaya. The sample size for Stage I was 218 children. In Stage II, the case sample was all children with a positive test for DEC (15 children), and the control sample was all children who had tested negative for DEC (60 children). The result of the laboratory tests showed that the proportion of DEC in children was 6.88% (15 of 218 children) and the proportion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in children was only 0.46%. The most significant mode of transmission included in the model was the snacking frequency at school and the risk classification of food that was often purchased at school. The formulation of the predicting model of DEC in stool can be used as an early warning against the incidence of FBDs in elementary schoolchildren.

Background: Folic acid is essential in many metabolic processes and DNA synthesis. Nevertheless, folic acid is not stable, pH-sensitive, and deteriorated upon light exposure.Objective: This work was aimed to improve folic acid stability within vitamin E-based nanoemulsion.Methods: The nanoemulsion was prepared with self-nanoemulsification method by mixing vitamin E oil, Tween 20, and PEG 400. A pseudoternary phase diagram was constructed with aqueous titration to determine the optimum ratio for the mixture. The globule size, pH and entrapment efficiency were included in the nanoemulsion characterizations. In addition, the influence of centrifugation, storage, and pH on physical and chemical stabilities of folic acid nanoemulsion was evaluated.Results: Optimum formula was obtained from vitamin E, Tween 20, and PEG 400 with the ratio of 1:11:1, and the folic acid amount was 8 mg. The size of folic acidloaded oil globule was 15.10 ± 1.51 nm, and the nanoemulsion pH was 6.24 ± 0.01. The nanoemulsion system was able to load the folic acid completely. Folic acid in nanoemulsion was stable after 14 days at room temperature, and it was more stable compared to folic acid in solution. In addition, the physical and chemical characteristics of folic acid in nanoemulsion was not affected by the simulated gastric condition.Conclusion: Hence, nanoemulsion is a promising strategy to enhance folic acid stability.

The adequacy of calcium from food consumption is difficult to meet because of its low absorption rate. One of the ways to increase calcium absorption is to increase its solubility by decreasing its particle size to the nanometer scale. Nanoparticles have better performance due to their increased surface area-to-volume ratio. This study aimed to determine the effect of the particle size of fish bones on calcium absorption rate. The catfish bone flour was made by two methods with the same stages, but they differed in the use of tools (the machine method and the traditional method). The particle size analysis of the flour showed that the machine method was in the nanometer range. The nutritional content of the machine-milled flour was rich in protein and lipids, while the flour produced by the traditional method was rich in calcium, phosphorus, and carbohydrates. Based on the results of the absorption test, both catfish bone flours were proven to be able to gradually increase calcium levels to their peak at 2 h post-administration. In sum, bone flour with nanoparticle sizes produced by the machine was able to maximize the calcium absorption rate in rats.

Background: Food security is an important aspect that plays a role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Based on the second purpose of SDGs, food security can be achieved if the community has been free from hunger, access to safe and nutritious food is sufficient for everyone. Food security is an important aspect because it can influence the nutritional status of the community, especially children. According to Riskesdas 2018, in Indonesia the prevalence of malnutrition and malnutrition in children are 13.85% and 3.9%.Objectives: To analyze the relationship of household food security, incidence of illness, and environmental sanitation with nutritional status of children in Sidotopo, Semampir Surabaya.Method: This research used cross sectional design. The sample size was 64 household. Sampling was done by multistage random sampling. Data was collected through interview using US-HFSSM, recall 2x24hours, environmental sanitation, and general questionnaire. The result was analyzed using spearman test. Result: Food security had a significant relationship between nutritional status WAZ (p<0.001), the incidence of illness had a significant relationship with nutritional status WAZ (p=0.001), and environmental sanitation had a significant relationship with nutritional status with WAZ (p=0.039). Conclusion: The conclusion that there were relationship of household food security, incidence of illness, and environmental sanitation with nutritional status of children.ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Ketahanan pangan merupakan salah satu aspek penting yang berperan dalam pencapaian Susteinable Development Goals (SDGs). Berdasarkan tujuan kedua SDGs, ketahanan pangan dapat dikatakan tercapai apabila masyarakat telah bebas dari kelaparan, akses pangan yang aman dan bergizi tercukupi untuk semua orang. Ketahanan pangan merupakan aspek yang penting karena mampu mempengaruhi status gizi masyarakat terutama balita. Menurut Riskesdas 2018, di Indonesia prevalensi status gizi kurang dan gizi buruk pada balita sebesar 13,85% dan 3,9%.Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga, kejadian sakit, dan sanitasi lingkungan dengan status gizi balita di Kelurahan Sidotopo Kecamatan Semampir Kota Surabaya.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Besar sampel sebanyak 64 rumah tangga. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan cara multistage random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuisioner US-HFSSM untuk mengetahui status ketahanan pangan rumah tangga, kuisioner sanitasi lingkungan untuk mengetahui status sanitasi lingkungan rumah, dan kuisioner umum untuk mengetahui identitas responden, kejadian sakit dan status gizi responden . Penelitian dianalisis dengan uji korelasi spearman.Hasil: Ketahanan pangan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan status gizi BB/U (p<0,001) dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,463, kejadian sakit memiliki hubugan signifikan dengan status gizi berdasarkan indeks BB/U (p=0,001) dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar -0,390, dan sanitasi lingkungan memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan status gizi berdasarkan indeks BB/U (p=0,039) dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,259.Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan ketahanan pangan rumah tangga, kejadian sakit, dan sanitasi lingkungan dengan status gizi balita.

Sedentary activity is an activity that requires very low energy expenditure, such as sitting or lying down while watching television, playing electronic games, and reading that can cause negative effects on health. One of the negative impact is increasing risk for obesity. The purpose of this study was to describe the nutrition adequacy level and sedentary activity among overweight and normal adolescent. This research was descriptive study with cross-sectional design. The sample was 70 students of SMPN 3 Gresik which divided into two groups based on their nutritional status, overweight or normal with 35 samples in each group. Data of nutrient intake, sedentary activity, and measurements of height and weight obtained from questionnaires and direct interview with respondents. Research showed that majority of overweight adolescent, had an energy and carbohydrate adequacy levels more than 77% of RDA compared to normal adolescent. Overweight and normal adolescents have a similar protein and fat adequacy level. Overweight adolescents had greater sedentary activity level the normal one. Majority of overweight adolescent have higher adequacy level of energy, carbohydrate, and sedentary activity than normal adolescent. Reducing consumption of sweet, fatty foods, increase consumption of fruits and vegetables, also increase regular physical activity need to be done by the respondent.