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Insect larvae meal has been proposed as a sustainable protein source for animal diets. This study aimed to provide information on including black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) in comparison to poultry meal (PM) in the canine diet with regard to digestibility and fecal characteristics. In light of this trend, the levels of PM or BSFL meal were added to replace about 30% of dry matter of the basic extruded diet. Six Beagle dogs (BW 9.64 kg) were included in a cross-over experiment. Dogs fed a BSFL meal-based diet showed higher (p< 0.05) apparent protein digestibility (82.3%) compared to those offered a PM-based diet (80.5%). Apparent digestibility for fat was higher (p< 0.05) in groups fed the BSFL meal-based diet (94.5%) compared to those offered the PM-based diet (91.6%). The fecal consistency scores for dogs fed both diets were within an acceptable range (well-formed and firm). Fecal dry matter content was higher (p< 0.05) for dogs fed the PM-based diet (33.0%) compared to those offered the BSFL meal-based diet (28.0%). Including BSFL meal in dog food can be an appropriate source of protein without any negative effects on nutrient digestibility and fecal quality.
Amr Abd El-Wahab; Laura Meyer; Mareike Kölln; Bussarakam Chuppava; Volker Wilke; Christian Visscher; Josef Kamphues. Insect Larvae Meal (Hermetia illucens) as a Sustainable Protein Source of Canine Food and Its Impacts on Nutrient Digestibility and Fecal Quality. Animals 2021, 11, 2525 .
AMA StyleAmr Abd El-Wahab, Laura Meyer, Mareike Kölln, Bussarakam Chuppava, Volker Wilke, Christian Visscher, Josef Kamphues. Insect Larvae Meal (Hermetia illucens) as a Sustainable Protein Source of Canine Food and Its Impacts on Nutrient Digestibility and Fecal Quality. Animals. 2021; 11 (9):2525.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmr Abd El-Wahab; Laura Meyer; Mareike Kölln; Bussarakam Chuppava; Volker Wilke; Christian Visscher; Josef Kamphues. 2021. "Insect Larvae Meal (Hermetia illucens) as a Sustainable Protein Source of Canine Food and Its Impacts on Nutrient Digestibility and Fecal Quality." Animals 11, no. 9: 2525.
Since mineral supplements for horses commonly contain macro minerals, although the requirement for such is usually covered by roughage-based diets, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary calcium levels on mineral serum concentrations and bone metabolism. The trial was conducted in 30 young warmblood stallions (2–3 years) that were divided into two groups for a five-month feeding trial. The groups were fed a hay- and oat-based diet and were either supplied with high (Ca-High) or moderate (Ca-Moderate) calcium excess. While in Ca-High calcium supply was about 2–2.5-fold of the requirement, in Ca-Moderate calcium requirements were slightly surpassed (1.5–1.6-fold). In order to monitor the effects of the different calcium supply, blood samples were taken during the trial and analysed for levels of macro and trace elements as well as concentrations of two bone markers. In Ca-Moderate a trend towards higher phosphorus serum levels compared to Ca-High was observed which was significant at the end of the trial (p = 0.0002). Furthermore, results showed no influence of the diet on bone markers. Results support the idea that forage-based rations for horses do not necessarily have to be supplemented with macro minerals but with trace elements.
Dana Carina Schubert; Lisa-Theresa Neustädter; Manfred Coenen; Christian Visscher; Josef Kamphues. Investigations on the Effects of Different Calcium Supply Exceeding the Requirements on Mineral Serum Concentrations and Bone Metabolism in Young Warmblood Stallions. Animals 2021, 11, 2439 .
AMA StyleDana Carina Schubert, Lisa-Theresa Neustädter, Manfred Coenen, Christian Visscher, Josef Kamphues. Investigations on the Effects of Different Calcium Supply Exceeding the Requirements on Mineral Serum Concentrations and Bone Metabolism in Young Warmblood Stallions. Animals. 2021; 11 (8):2439.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDana Carina Schubert; Lisa-Theresa Neustädter; Manfred Coenen; Christian Visscher; Josef Kamphues. 2021. "Investigations on the Effects of Different Calcium Supply Exceeding the Requirements on Mineral Serum Concentrations and Bone Metabolism in Young Warmblood Stallions." Animals 11, no. 8: 2439.
This study aimed to evaluate the influences of different flooring designs and feed particle sizes on the spread of Salmonella (S.) in broiler chickens. Birds (n = 480) were allocated to four different housing systems (fully littered with and without floor heating, partially and fully slatted flooring with sand bath) and two dietary treatments (finely and coarsely ground diets) in 24 boxes. Two broilers per box were experimentally infected with S. Enteritidis (8.00 log10 CFU/bird) at d 17. Salmonella prevalence in caecal contents and the liver was highest in broilers housed on fully slatted floor until d 36/37 (88.1% and 91.5%, respectively), and lowest in litter flooring (caecal content 64.4%) and litter flooring with floor heating (liver 61.7%). In turn, broilers on littered flooring expressed the lowest Salmonella counts in caecal content at d 36/37 (2.21 ± 1.75 log10 CFU/g), partial slatted flooring the highest (3.76 ± 1.46 log10 CFU/g). The mean Salmonella count in the caecal content was significantly lower for birds fed a coarsely ground diet (0.96 and 1.94 log10 CFU/g) than a finely ground diet (5.07 and 3.34 log10 CFU/g) at d 23 and d 36/37, respectively (p < 0.0001). Slatted flooring with a sand bath did not show advantages in terms of Salmonella reduction, whereas the coarsely ground diet markedly reduced the spread of Salmonella.
Marwa Ahmed; Amr Abd El-Wahab; Jan-Philip Kriewitz; Julia Hankel; Bussarakam Chuppava; Christine Ratert; Venja Taube; Christian Visscher; Josef Kamphues. Mitigating the Spread and Translocation of Salmonella Enteritidis in Experimentally Infected Broilers under the Influence of Different Flooring Housing Systems and Feed Particle Sizes. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 874 .
AMA StyleMarwa Ahmed, Amr Abd El-Wahab, Jan-Philip Kriewitz, Julia Hankel, Bussarakam Chuppava, Christine Ratert, Venja Taube, Christian Visscher, Josef Kamphues. Mitigating the Spread and Translocation of Salmonella Enteritidis in Experimentally Infected Broilers under the Influence of Different Flooring Housing Systems and Feed Particle Sizes. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (4):874.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarwa Ahmed; Amr Abd El-Wahab; Jan-Philip Kriewitz; Julia Hankel; Bussarakam Chuppava; Christine Ratert; Venja Taube; Christian Visscher; Josef Kamphues. 2021. "Mitigating the Spread and Translocation of Salmonella Enteritidis in Experimentally Infected Broilers under the Influence of Different Flooring Housing Systems and Feed Particle Sizes." Microorganisms 9, no. 4: 874.
Liquid feed is susceptible to microbiological growth. Yeasts are said to cause sudden death in swine due to intestinal gas formation. As not all animals given high yeast content feed fall ill, growth and gas formation potential at body temperature were investigated as possible causally required properties. The best identification method for these environmental yeasts should be tested beforehand. Yeasts derived from liquid diets without (LD − S) and liquid diets with maize silage (LD + S) were examined biochemically (ID32C-test) and with MALDI-TOF with direct smear (DS) and an extraction method (EX). Growth temperature and gas-forming potential were measured. With MALDI-EX, most yeast isolates were identified: Candida krusei most often in LD − S, and C. lambica most often in LD + S, significantly more than in LD − S. Larger colonies, 58.75% of all yeast isolates, were formed at 25 °C rather than at 37 °C; 17.5% of all isolates did not grow at 37 °C at all. Most C. krusei isolates formed high gas amounts within 24 h, whereas none of the C. lambica, C. holmii and most other isolates did. The gas pressure formed by yeast isolates varied more than tenfold. Only a minority of the yeasts were able to produce gas at temperatures common in the pig gut.
Birgit Keller; Henrike Kuder; Christian Visscher; Ute Siesenop; Josef Kamphues. Yeasts in Liquid Swine Diets: Identification Methods, Growth Temperatures and Gas-Formation Potential. Journal of Fungi 2020, 6, 337 .
AMA StyleBirgit Keller, Henrike Kuder, Christian Visscher, Ute Siesenop, Josef Kamphues. Yeasts in Liquid Swine Diets: Identification Methods, Growth Temperatures and Gas-Formation Potential. Journal of Fungi. 2020; 6 (4):337.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBirgit Keller; Henrike Kuder; Christian Visscher; Ute Siesenop; Josef Kamphues. 2020. "Yeasts in Liquid Swine Diets: Identification Methods, Growth Temperatures and Gas-Formation Potential." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 4: 337.
Physical properties and chemical composition of caecum chyme, with particular regard to starch pre-caecal disappearance and volatile fatty acid (VFA, C2-C5) content, were determined in 16 growing pigs fed raw acorns in the diet. Pigs were singly housed and divided into two experimental feeding groups (each n = 8). The control group was fed a conventional complete diet for pigs (pelleted; 890 g dry matter (DM)/kg, 435 g starch/kg DM, based on cereals and soybean extraction meal). The acorn-fed group was offered a combined diet, 70% of ripe whole shredded acorns (695 g DM/kg, 447 g starch/kg DM) and 30% of the control diet. After one week, all 16 animals were slaughtered, and contents of the caudal ileum and caecum were analyzed for dry matter, crude ash, and starch. Fresh caecum chyme was analyzed for VFA content and molar proportion of acetic, propionic, n-butyric, n-valeric acid were determined. VFA per kg of organic matter (OM) in the caecum differed significantly between groups (p = 0.047). Pre-caecal disappearance (pCD) of acorn native starch turned out to be high (>95%). Estimated VFA content in caecum in the acorn combined diet resulted in 8.72 g per kg of OM, and the relationship based on molar proportion between acetic:propionic:n-butyric:n-valeric acid was 1:0.2:0.1:0.04, which pointed to higher proportions of n-valeric acid when hulled shredded acorns are fed to pigs.
Maria Cappai; Petra Wolf; Walter Pinna; Peter Rust; Josef Kamphues. Pre-Caecal Disappearance of Starch and Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) Content in Digesta of Caecum of Growing Pigs Fed with Ripe Hulled Shredded Acorns in Their Diet. Agriculture 2020, 10, 508 .
AMA StyleMaria Cappai, Petra Wolf, Walter Pinna, Peter Rust, Josef Kamphues. Pre-Caecal Disappearance of Starch and Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) Content in Digesta of Caecum of Growing Pigs Fed with Ripe Hulled Shredded Acorns in Their Diet. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (11):508.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Cappai; Petra Wolf; Walter Pinna; Peter Rust; Josef Kamphues. 2020. "Pre-Caecal Disappearance of Starch and Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) Content in Digesta of Caecum of Growing Pigs Fed with Ripe Hulled Shredded Acorns in Their Diet." Agriculture 10, no. 11: 508.
Improving the hygienic status of feed ingredients by biotechnological processes as fermentation is of the greatest concern. This preliminary study aimed to investigate whether there are relevant effects of fermented liquid feed (FLF) on the survival of potential pathogens in vitro. The feed (fresh basis) consisted of 50% rye, 30% rapeseed extracted meal, 10% barley and 10% wheat. Glass bottles were filled about 14.1 g water (38 °C) containing the diluted starter culture and feed (8.81 g). Fermentation led to high levels of lactate (5–7% of dry matter), low pH values (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens after 6 h of controlled fermentation, was significantly reduced (10 CFU/g). The counts of Candida krusei in FLF at 3 h and 6 h post inoculation remained almost unchanged regardless of the incubation time. Even adding sodium-benzoate at a concentration of up to 0.25% in the liquid feed did not reduce the survival of C.krusei during fermentation. Based on this in vitro study, feeding of FLF seems a promising strategy to reduce pathogen transmission but has to be confirmed on natural feeds by pathogens for increasing the hygienic properties.
Sebastian Bunte; Birgit Keller; Bussarakam Chuppava; Josef Kamphues; Christian Visscher; Amr Abd El-Wahab. Influence of Fermented Diets on In Vitro Survival Rate of Some Artificially Inoculated Pathogens—A Preliminary Study. Processes 2020, 8, 1345 .
AMA StyleSebastian Bunte, Birgit Keller, Bussarakam Chuppava, Josef Kamphues, Christian Visscher, Amr Abd El-Wahab. Influence of Fermented Diets on In Vitro Survival Rate of Some Artificially Inoculated Pathogens—A Preliminary Study. Processes. 2020; 8 (11):1345.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Bunte; Birgit Keller; Bussarakam Chuppava; Josef Kamphues; Christian Visscher; Amr Abd El-Wahab. 2020. "Influence of Fermented Diets on In Vitro Survival Rate of Some Artificially Inoculated Pathogens—A Preliminary Study." Processes 8, no. 11: 1345.
Public health concerns and the potential for food-borne zoonotic transmission have made Salmonella a subject of surveillance programs in food-producing animals. Forty-two piglets (25 d of age and initially 7.48 kg) were used in a 28 d infection period to evaluate the effects of a high proportion of rye on reducing Salmonella Typhimurium. Piglets were divided into two diet groups: control diet (wheat 69%) and experimental diet (rye 69%). After a one-week adaptation period, all piglets were orally infected with Salmonella Typhimurium (107 log CFU/mL; 2mL/pig). Salmonella in fecal shedding were evaluated at day 1, 3, 5, 7 and then weekly after infection. At the end of the experimental period (at day 28 after infection), the piglets were euthanized to sample feces, cecal digesta contents and ileocecal lymph nodes to determine the bacterial counts of Salmonella. The results suggest that the bacterial counts in the experimental group fed rye diets showed evidence of reducing Salmonella fecal shedding from day 14 onwards and decreasing the number of Salmonella in cecal digesta. However, the translocation of Salmonella in ileocecal lymph nodes was not affected. Furthermore, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion did not differ between the groups (p > 0.05).
Bussarakam Chuppava; Volker Wilke; Clara Hartung; Amr El-Wahab; Richard Grone; Andreas Von Felde; Josef Kamphues; Christian Visscher. Effect of a High Proportion of Rye in Compound Feed for Reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium in Experimentally Infected Young Pigs. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1629 .
AMA StyleBussarakam Chuppava, Volker Wilke, Clara Hartung, Amr El-Wahab, Richard Grone, Andreas Von Felde, Josef Kamphues, Christian Visscher. Effect of a High Proportion of Rye in Compound Feed for Reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium in Experimentally Infected Young Pigs. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (11):1629.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBussarakam Chuppava; Volker Wilke; Clara Hartung; Amr El-Wahab; Richard Grone; Andreas Von Felde; Josef Kamphues; Christian Visscher. 2020. "Effect of a High Proportion of Rye in Compound Feed for Reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium in Experimentally Infected Young Pigs." Microorganisms 8, no. 11: 1629.
Rye could offer diverse benefits in terms of sustainability if it could replace parts of the main cereals, corn and wheat, in broiler diets. A total of 256 broilers, Ross 308, were randomly allocated into 32 pens. From day 14 till day 42, the birds were divided into four feeding groups (eight replicates each). The control group received a conventional finisher diet “control”, whereas in the other groups, a pelleted supplementary feed was offered (SFI to corn and SFII to rye), to which crushed corn (SFI-Corn) or squashed rye (SFII-Rye) was added. The fourth group received a mixture of 50% SFI-Corn and 50% SFII-Rye. The cereal level was increased weekly (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%) at the expense of the supplementary feeds. No significant effects were observed for body weight at d 42 and excreta viscosity between all groups. Overall, foot pad health was excellent. Compared to the control group, birds fed SFI-Corn displayed a significant increase in gizzard relative weight, whereas, in contrast to all other groups, ileal villus height was significantly lower. In conclusion, feeding SFI-Corn or SFII-Rye diets had no negative influences on performance, litter quality and digesta viscosity, whereas SFI-Corn partially affected ileal morphology.
Amr El-Wahab; Jan Lingens; Bussarakam Chuppava; Marwa Ahmed; Ahmed Osman; Marion Langeheine; Ralph Brehm; Venja Taube; Richard Grone; Andreas Von Felde; Josef Kamphues; Christian Visscher. Impact of Rye Inclusion in Diets for Broilers on Performance, Litter Quality, Foot Pad Health, Digesta Viscosity, Organ Traits and Intestinal Morphology. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7753 .
AMA StyleAmr El-Wahab, Jan Lingens, Bussarakam Chuppava, Marwa Ahmed, Ahmed Osman, Marion Langeheine, Ralph Brehm, Venja Taube, Richard Grone, Andreas Von Felde, Josef Kamphues, Christian Visscher. Impact of Rye Inclusion in Diets for Broilers on Performance, Litter Quality, Foot Pad Health, Digesta Viscosity, Organ Traits and Intestinal Morphology. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7753.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmr El-Wahab; Jan Lingens; Bussarakam Chuppava; Marwa Ahmed; Ahmed Osman; Marion Langeheine; Ralph Brehm; Venja Taube; Richard Grone; Andreas Von Felde; Josef Kamphues; Christian Visscher. 2020. "Impact of Rye Inclusion in Diets for Broilers on Performance, Litter Quality, Foot Pad Health, Digesta Viscosity, Organ Traits and Intestinal Morphology." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7753.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of feed particle size and flooring designs on organ traits, performance and pododermatitis in broilers. A total of 480 broilers (Ross 308) of both sexes were randomly assigned to two feeding groups (finely or coarsely ground pelleted diets; with addition of 5% to 10% intact wheat in coarsely diets) and four different housing systems (litter; litter with floor heating; partially or fully slatted floor) with three subgroups each. A coarse diet increased the final gizzard and pancreas weights (p < 0.001) while decreasing the risk of Isthmus gastrici dilatation compared to a fine diet (p < 0.001). Broilers fed a coarse diet displayed an increased final body weight (p = 0.023) and led to a favourable feed conversion ratio. Final body weight was the highest (p < 0.001) for birds housed on partially or fully slatted floor. Housing birds on litter with floor heating showed the lowest pododermatitis scoring (p < 0.001). It seems to be favourable to use coarse diets for organ development, whereas slatted floors seem to foster enlargement of the Isthmus gastrici. Increasing growth performance was possible both when using coarse diets or slatted floors.
Amr Abd El-Wahab; Jan-Philip Kriewitz; Julia Hankel; Bussarakam Chuppava; Christine Ratert; Venja Taube; Christian Visscher; Josef Kamphues. The Effects of Feed Particle Size and Floor Type on the Growth Performance, GIT Development, and Pododermatitis in Broiler Chickens. Animals 2020, 10, 1256 .
AMA StyleAmr Abd El-Wahab, Jan-Philip Kriewitz, Julia Hankel, Bussarakam Chuppava, Christine Ratert, Venja Taube, Christian Visscher, Josef Kamphues. The Effects of Feed Particle Size and Floor Type on the Growth Performance, GIT Development, and Pododermatitis in Broiler Chickens. Animals. 2020; 10 (8):1256.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmr Abd El-Wahab; Jan-Philip Kriewitz; Julia Hankel; Bussarakam Chuppava; Christine Ratert; Venja Taube; Christian Visscher; Josef Kamphues. 2020. "The Effects of Feed Particle Size and Floor Type on the Growth Performance, GIT Development, and Pododermatitis in Broiler Chickens." Animals 10, no. 8: 1256.
A study was performed on the mandibular gland obtained from growing pigs enrolled in a wide research project aiming to test the effects of different feed physical forms on animal health, production and welfare. We used 48 pigs fed for four weeks with different dietary treatments based on different grinding intensities and compactions of the same diet, namely coarsely ground meal (CM), finely ground pelleted (FP) and coarsely ground pelleted (CP) diets. Samples were analyzed by conventional histochemistry to identify the glycohistochemical profile and by immunohistochemistry to localize aquaporin 5, apelin and apelin receptor. Statistical elaborations were performed using the Stats R-package, version 3.5.3. Pig mandibular gland adenomere increased both the quantity and acidity of produced glycoconjugates from CM to FP and CP diets. This probably calls forth higher watery saliva, thus promoting a better feed softening facilitating the amalgamation of the bolus. Mandibular gland increased aquaporin 5 positivity in the CP diet, supporting the hypothesis of an augmented demand for water. Based on apelin/receptor localization, it was hypothesized that in pig mandibular gland the apelinergic system likely performs an endocrine control on the demilunes activity and a paracrine control on ducts, facilitating the production of a more fluid saliva.
Cecilia Dall’Aglio; Francesca Mercati; Elena De Felice; Federico Maria Tardella; Josef Kamphues; Maria Grazia Cappai; Paola Scocco. Influence of Different Feed Physical Forms on Mandibular Gland in Growing Pigs. Animals 2020, 10, 910 .
AMA StyleCecilia Dall’Aglio, Francesca Mercati, Elena De Felice, Federico Maria Tardella, Josef Kamphues, Maria Grazia Cappai, Paola Scocco. Influence of Different Feed Physical Forms on Mandibular Gland in Growing Pigs. Animals. 2020; 10 (5):910.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCecilia Dall’Aglio; Francesca Mercati; Elena De Felice; Federico Maria Tardella; Josef Kamphues; Maria Grazia Cappai; Paola Scocco. 2020. "Influence of Different Feed Physical Forms on Mandibular Gland in Growing Pigs." Animals 10, no. 5: 910.
Introducing high numbers of lactic acid bacteria into the gastrointestinal tract of pigs via fermented liquid feed (FLF) could have an impact on intestinal bacterial ecosystems. Twenty piglets were allocated into four groups and fed a botanically identical liquid diet that was offered either non-fermented (twice), fully fermented or partially fermented but supplemented with 40% of non-fermented coarse cereals. Microbiota studies were performed on the small and large intestine digesta and faecal samples. A 16S rRNA gene amplification was performed within the hypervariable region V4 and sequenced with the Illumina MiSeq platform. R (version 3.5.2) was used for the statistical analyses. The digesta of the small intestines of pigs fed FLF were dominated by Lactobacillaceae (relative abundance up to 95%). In the colonic contents, the abundance of Lactobacillaceae was significantly higher only in the pigs fed the FLF supplemented with non-fermented coarse cereals. Additionally, the digesta of the small and large intestines as well as in the faeces of the pigs fed the FLF supplemented with non-fermented coarse cereals were significantly enriched for two operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to the genus Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. The FLF supplemented with non-fermented coarse cereals had probiotic and prebiotic-like impacts on the intestinal and faecal bacterial composition of pigs.
Sebastian Bunte; Richard Grone; Birgit Keller; Christoph Keller; Eric Galvez; Till Strowig; Josef Kamphues; Julia Hankel. Intestinal Microbiota of Fattening Pigs Offered Non-Fermented and Fermented Liquid Feed with and without the Supplementation of Non-Fermented Coarse Cereals. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 638 .
AMA StyleSebastian Bunte, Richard Grone, Birgit Keller, Christoph Keller, Eric Galvez, Till Strowig, Josef Kamphues, Julia Hankel. Intestinal Microbiota of Fattening Pigs Offered Non-Fermented and Fermented Liquid Feed with and without the Supplementation of Non-Fermented Coarse Cereals. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (5):638.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Bunte; Richard Grone; Birgit Keller; Christoph Keller; Eric Galvez; Till Strowig; Josef Kamphues; Julia Hankel. 2020. "Intestinal Microbiota of Fattening Pigs Offered Non-Fermented and Fermented Liquid Feed with and without the Supplementation of Non-Fermented Coarse Cereals." Microorganisms 8, no. 5: 638.
This study was focused on in vitro fermentation and in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility of different fibre rich ingredients that can be used in diets of pigs and turkeys. In vitro DM digestibility was determined by Daisy system via using faecal or excreta fluid of swine/turkeys as a source of inoculum. The ingredients used as substrates were commercial swine or turkey diet, dried beet pulp, wheat bran, hay, straw and two types of lignocelluloses (A and B). Marked differences between the ingredients were found and the values were: dried beet pulp (80%), swine/turkey diet (75%), wheat bran (60%), hay (40%) and straw (10%–20%). Of special interest are the data on the two lignocellulose products, the in vitro DM digestibility of product A was in the range of 20% (in turkeys) up to 30% (in pigs), whereas the product B had values of <5%. Moreover, the inoculums were incubated with the same substrates for 24h using gas measuring technique. Consecutively, commercial swine or turkey diet, dried beet pulp, wheat bran and hay produced high amounts of gas and volatile fatty acids. Lignocellulose A and straw provided lower and equal amounts of gases and fatty acids. However, lignocellulose B showed very little fermentation compared to the product A. In conclusions, faecal or excreta can be used as a source of microbial activity to determine the in vitro DM digestibility or fermentation of feeds. Comparing lignocellulose products with traditional fibre sources, the DM digestibility of lignocellulose A was greater than straw but its fermentation rate seems to be equal to straw. Thus, lignocellulose A can be used as a new source of fibre in diets of monogastric animals to optimize the gut health and improving the faeces or excreta quality.
Ibrahim M. I. Youssef; Josef Kamphues. Fermentation of fibre rich ingredients exposed in vitro to the faecal inoculums of swine and turkeys. Veterinary Medicine and Science 2020, 6, 511 -517.
AMA StyleIbrahim M. I. Youssef, Josef Kamphues. Fermentation of fibre rich ingredients exposed in vitro to the faecal inoculums of swine and turkeys. Veterinary Medicine and Science. 2020; 6 (3):511-517.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIbrahim M. I. Youssef; Josef Kamphues. 2020. "Fermentation of fibre rich ingredients exposed in vitro to the faecal inoculums of swine and turkeys." Veterinary Medicine and Science 6, no. 3: 511-517.
Lawsonia intracellularis infections are a common reason for antibiotic treatment in pig production. Experimental studies in animals naturally infected with Lawsonia intracellularis comparing the course of an experimental Salmonella infection in piglets previously treated with tylosin or vaccinated against Lawsonia intracellularis are scarce. A total of 72 seven-week-old Salmonella-free pigs were taken from a herd with a Lawsonia intracellularis history in piglet rearing. The pigs were divided into two groups with three replicates each. Animals had either been previously treated with tylosin (10 mg/kg body weight) for seven days (AB+VAC−) or had been vaccinated as suckling pigs by drenching (Enterisol®Ileitis; AB−VAC+). Two animals per replicate were primarily infected with Salmonella Derby (1.04 × 108 colony-forming units per animal). The detection of Salmonella in faeces (p < 0.0001, odds ratio: 3.8364) and in the ileocaecal lymph nodes (p = 0.0295, odds ratio: 3.5043) was significantly more frequent in AB+VAC− animals. Overall, the odds ratio for detecting Salmonella in any substrate or organ was significantly higher in the AB+VAC− group animals (p = 0.0004, odds ratio: 5.9091). Treatment with tylosin can significantly increase the spread of a Salmonella infection, which is not observed after early Lawsonia intracellularis vaccination.
Christian Visscher; Jasmin Mischok; Saara Sander; Jutta Verspohl; Eva-Ursula Peitzmeier; Isabel Von Dem Busche; Josef Kamphues. Spread of an Experimental Salmonella Derby Infection in Antibiotic-Treated or Lawsonia intracellularis Vaccinated Piglets. Animals 2018, 8, 206 .
AMA StyleChristian Visscher, Jasmin Mischok, Saara Sander, Jutta Verspohl, Eva-Ursula Peitzmeier, Isabel Von Dem Busche, Josef Kamphues. Spread of an Experimental Salmonella Derby Infection in Antibiotic-Treated or Lawsonia intracellularis Vaccinated Piglets. Animals. 2018; 8 (11):206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristian Visscher; Jasmin Mischok; Saara Sander; Jutta Verspohl; Eva-Ursula Peitzmeier; Isabel Von Dem Busche; Josef Kamphues. 2018. "Spread of an Experimental Salmonella Derby Infection in Antibiotic-Treated or Lawsonia intracellularis Vaccinated Piglets." Animals 8, no. 11: 206.
In the past, cases of PCDD/F and PCB contamination exceeding limits in food from animal origin (eggs, meat or milk) were mainly caused by industrially produced feed. But in the last decade, exceedances of EU limit values were discovered more frequently for PCDD/Fs or dioxin-like(dl)-PCBs from free range chicken, sheep, and beef, often in the absence of any known contamination source. The German Environment Agency initiated a project to elucidate the entry of PCBs and PCDD/Fs in food related to environmental contamination. This paper summarizes the most important findings. Food products from farm animals sensitive to dioxin/PCB exposure—suckling calves and laying hens housed outdoor—can exceed EU maximum levels at soil concentrations that have previously been considered as safe. Maximum permitted levels can already be exceeded in beef/veal when soil is contaminated around 5 ng PCB-TEQ/kg dry matter (dm). For eggs/broiler, this can occur at a concentration of PCDD/Fs in soil below 5 ng PCDD/F–PCB-TEQ/kg dm. Egg consumers—especially young children—can easily exceed health-based guidance values (TDI). The soil–chicken egg exposure pathway is probably the most sensitive route for human exposure to both dl-PCBs and PCDD/Fs from soil and needs to be considered for soil guidelines. The study also found that calves from suckler cow herds are most prone to the impacts of dl-PCB contamination due to the excretion/accumulation via milk. PCB (and PCDD/F) intake for free-range cattle stems from feed and soil. Daily dl-PCB intake for suckler cow herds must in average be less than 2 ng PCB-TEQ/day. This translates to a maximum concentration in grass of 0.2 ng PCB-TEQ/kg dm which is less than 1/6 of the current EU maximum permitted level. This review compiles sources for PCDD/Fs and PCBs relevant to environmental contamination in respect to food safety. It also includes considerations on assessment of emerging POPs. The major sources of PCDD/F and dl-PCB contamination of food of animal origin in Germany are (1) soils contaminated from past PCB and PCDD/F releases; (2) PCBs emitted from buildings and constructions; (3) PCBs present at farms. Impacted areas need to be assessed with respect to potential contamination of food-producing animals. Livestock management techniques can reduce exposure to PCDD/Fs and PCBs. Further research and regulatory action are needed to overcome gaps. Control and reduction measures are recommended for emission sources and new listed and emerging POPs to ensure food safety.
Roland Weber; Christine Herold; Henner Hollert; Josef Kamphues; Markus Blepp; Karlheinz Ballschmiter. Reviewing the relevance of dioxin and PCB sources for food from animal origin and the need for their inventory, control and management. Environmental Sciences Europe 2018, 30, 1 -42.
AMA StyleRoland Weber, Christine Herold, Henner Hollert, Josef Kamphues, Markus Blepp, Karlheinz Ballschmiter. Reviewing the relevance of dioxin and PCB sources for food from animal origin and the need for their inventory, control and management. Environmental Sciences Europe. 2018; 30 (1):1-42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoland Weber; Christine Herold; Henner Hollert; Josef Kamphues; Markus Blepp; Karlheinz Ballschmiter. 2018. "Reviewing the relevance of dioxin and PCB sources for food from animal origin and the need for their inventory, control and management." Environmental Sciences Europe 30, no. 1: 1-42.
Lawsonia intracellularis is one of the world’s most important infectious diseases in pork production with regard to economic losses. So far, studies are missing that describe the effects of a natural infection of piglets on the digestibility of nutrients, possible effects on performance and the morphometrics of the intestine depending on whether piglets are vaccinated, clinically healthy or clinically affected with regard to Lawsonia intracellularis induced diarrhoea. Digestibility studies were performed on a total of 27 eight-week-old piglets with naturally occurring Lawsonia intracellularis infection in a trial with three repetitions. Nine out of 27 animals were vaccinated as suckling pigs with a commercial Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine (vac; Enterisol®Ileitis). Half of the remaining 18 animals were without clinical signs of infection (non-vac/cs-), half showed moderate clinical signs of Lawsonia intracellularis induced diarrhoea (non-vac/cs+). All three groups were fed one identical complete diet ad libitum. Faecal shedding of Lawsonia intracellularis was found in all groups (25 out of 27 animals). Numerically, the mean excretion in the group non-vac/cs + (7.69 ± 1.65 log10 copies/ g faeces) was higher in comparison to the group non-vac/cs- (5.83 ± 2.35 log10 copies/ g faeces) and vaccinated animals (vac: 6.00 ± 2.89log10 copies/ g faeces). The average daily weight gain (ADG; Ø 8.66 day period) differed significantly (vac: 894a ± 73.3, non-vac/cs-: 857ab ± 86.3, non-vac/cs+: 785b ± 137 g/day). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nitrogen was significantly lower in clinically affected animals (vac: 83.0a ± 1.72, non-vac/cs-: 83.9a ± 2.03, non-vac/cs+: 80.7b ± 2.57).The total length of the small intestine in clinically affected animals increased significantly (vac: 15.9ab ± 1.57, non-vac/cs-: 14.6b ± 1.12, non-vac/cs+: 16.2a ± 1.37 m). The relative body weight depending on the length of the small intestine was lower for clinically affected animals (vac: 1.72a ± 0.21, non-vac/cs-: 1.83a ± 0.17, non-vac/cs+: 1.56b ± 0.12 kg/m). These studies show that clinically moderate L. intracellularis infections lead to significantly lower ADGs in comparison to vaccinated animals. The disease is also found in altered intestinal morphometry and reduced total N digestibility if clinical signs occur.
Christian Visscher; Jasmin Mischok; Saara Sander; Marion Schmicke; Eva-Ursula Peitzmeier; Isabel Von Dem Busche; Karl Rohn; Josef Kamphues. Nutrient digestibility, organ morphometry and performance in vaccinated or non-vaccinated Lawsonia intracellularis infected piglets. BMC Veterinary Research 2018, 14, 323 .
AMA StyleChristian Visscher, Jasmin Mischok, Saara Sander, Marion Schmicke, Eva-Ursula Peitzmeier, Isabel Von Dem Busche, Karl Rohn, Josef Kamphues. Nutrient digestibility, organ morphometry and performance in vaccinated or non-vaccinated Lawsonia intracellularis infected piglets. BMC Veterinary Research. 2018; 14 (1):323.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristian Visscher; Jasmin Mischok; Saara Sander; Marion Schmicke; Eva-Ursula Peitzmeier; Isabel Von Dem Busche; Karl Rohn; Josef Kamphues. 2018. "Nutrient digestibility, organ morphometry and performance in vaccinated or non-vaccinated Lawsonia intracellularis infected piglets." BMC Veterinary Research 14, no. 1: 323.
Excess phosphorus (P) as seen in cat foods can have a negative effect on health (Dobenecker, Webel, Reese, & Kienzle, 2017; Pastoor, Klooster, Mathot, & Beynen, 1995). P surpluses may affect the environment, and economics in food producing animals, whereas marginal supply may impair performance and health. P can only be absorbed if it is soluble. Solubility of feed P in water and weak acid solution—as a precondition for absorption—was investigated in feed for dogs, cats, pigs and poultry. Different P containing mineral compounds (Ca(H2PO4)2, CaHPO4•2H2O, Ca4Na(PO4)3, KH2PO4, K4P2O7, NaH2PO4, Na5P3O10 (29 samples), as well as eight different ingredients such as wheat or meat, 64 compound feeds for pig and poultry, eight complete dry and 13 complete moist dog foods, 25 complete moist cat foods and 29 experimental diets were analysed for P solubility. Finely ground feeds were soaked in water or hydrochloric acid (0.4%) for 1 and 90 min. The samples were centrifuged and the supernatant was analysed for P (photometric vanadate molybdate method after wet ashing). The solubility of P from inorganic sources reflected the solubility of the main compound of the feed grade material. “organic” ingredients, such as fish meal or meat, showed a lower P solubility than inorganic sources. Most ingredients from animal origin (exception fish meal) had a higher P solubility than those from plant origin. When inorganic and “organic” P sources were mixed, the P solubility of the mixture reflected the P solubility and percentages of its compounds. In chicken, turkey and pig compound feed the percentage of acid soluble P increased with increasing P content. Pet moist food showed high percentages of water‐soluble P. The results show that the method is suitable to obtain data on water and acid solubility of P in feed and ingredients.
Anna Lineva; Robert Kirchner; Ellen Kienzle; Josef Kamphues; Britta Dobenecker. A pilot study on in vitro solubility of phosphorus from mineral sources, feed ingredients and compound feed for pigs, poultry, dogs and cats. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2018, 103, 317 -323.
AMA StyleAnna Lineva, Robert Kirchner, Ellen Kienzle, Josef Kamphues, Britta Dobenecker. A pilot study on in vitro solubility of phosphorus from mineral sources, feed ingredients and compound feed for pigs, poultry, dogs and cats. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2018; 103 (1):317-323.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Lineva; Robert Kirchner; Ellen Kienzle; Josef Kamphues; Britta Dobenecker. 2018. "A pilot study on in vitro solubility of phosphorus from mineral sources, feed ingredients and compound feed for pigs, poultry, dogs and cats." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 103, no. 1: 317-323.
The aim of this study was to evaluate potential influences of different dietary protein sources on performance, litter quality and health of foot pads in broilers. In total, 160 one-day-old chickens were divided into four dietary groups at day 8. Four different diets were prepared as follows: the...
Amr Abd El-Wahab; C. Visscher; J. Kamphues. Impact of different dietary protein sources on performance, litter quality and foot pad dermatitis in broilers. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 2018, 27, 148 -154.
AMA StyleAmr Abd El-Wahab, C. Visscher, J. Kamphues. Impact of different dietary protein sources on performance, litter quality and foot pad dermatitis in broilers. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences. 2018; 27 (2):148-154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmr Abd El-Wahab; C. Visscher; J. Kamphues. 2018. "Impact of different dietary protein sources on performance, litter quality and foot pad dermatitis in broilers." Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 27, no. 2: 148-154.
Litter quality has a significant influence on the performance and foot pad health in poultry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different types of flooring designs on the performance and foot pad health in fattening broilers and turkeys. Three trials were conducted for each species using a total of 720 Ross 308 broilers and 720 Big 6 turkeys. After day seven, animals were randomly assigned to four groups with three subgroups each: G1—floor pens with litter, G2—floor pens with litter and floor heating, G3—partially-slatted flooring, including a littered area, and G4—fully-slatted flooring with a sand bath (900 cm2). Animals of both species had a significantly higher final body weight at dissection (day 36) after being reared on fully-slatted floors compared to common littered floors. In turkeys, the feed conversion ratio was worse in G4 (1.53 ± 0.04) than in G1 (1.47 ± 0.02) and G2 (1.48 ± 0.03). Water to feed ratio was significantly higher in G2 than other groups. Turkeys’ foot pad health was significantly better in G4 than in other groups beginning at day 21. In turkeys, platforms with slatted floors that allow for temporary separation of the feet from the litter could lead to improvements in foot pad health which could better enable the realization of species-specific behaviours and activities in littered areas.
Bussarakam Chuppava; Christian Visscher; Josef Kamphues. Effect of Different Flooring Designs on the Performance and Foot Pad Health in Broilers and Turkeys. Animals 2018, 8, 70 .
AMA StyleBussarakam Chuppava, Christian Visscher, Josef Kamphues. Effect of Different Flooring Designs on the Performance and Foot Pad Health in Broilers and Turkeys. Animals. 2018; 8 (5):70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBussarakam Chuppava; Christian Visscher; Josef Kamphues. 2018. "Effect of Different Flooring Designs on the Performance and Foot Pad Health in Broilers and Turkeys." Animals 8, no. 5: 70.
Therefore, this study provides preliminary evidence that there might be specific dietary effects on the course of a L. intracellularis infection.
Christian Visscher; Anne Kruse; Saara Sander; Christoph Keller; Jasmin Mischok; Robert Tabeling; Hubert Henne; Ricarda Deitmer; Josef Kamphues. Experimental studies on effects of diet on Lawsonia intracellularis infections in fattening boars in a natural infection model. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2018, 60, 22 .
AMA StyleChristian Visscher, Anne Kruse, Saara Sander, Christoph Keller, Jasmin Mischok, Robert Tabeling, Hubert Henne, Ricarda Deitmer, Josef Kamphues. Experimental studies on effects of diet on Lawsonia intracellularis infections in fattening boars in a natural infection model. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 2018; 60 (1):22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristian Visscher; Anne Kruse; Saara Sander; Christoph Keller; Jasmin Mischok; Robert Tabeling; Hubert Henne; Ricarda Deitmer; Josef Kamphues. 2018. "Experimental studies on effects of diet on Lawsonia intracellularis infections in fattening boars in a natural infection model." Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 60, no. 1: 22.
In the fattening of male pigs, boar odour is a major problem with regard to the acceptance of the meat by consumers. Skatole can be one cause. Tryptophan from non‐digested feed ingredients and intestinal cell debris can be the precursor in skatole formation. Lawsonia intracellularis, one of the most widespread pathogens in swine, promotes the epithelial cell turnover and might favour the tryptophan influx into the hindgut. Therefore, the question arises how far the severity of a Lawsonia intracellularis infection has an effect on results of dietary experiments with specific issues. Fifty finishing boars from a specific pathogen‐free farm were randomly allotted to ten boxes in five feeding groups. Natural developing Lawsonia intracellularis colonisation was monitored serologically (twice individually) and molecular biologically (weekly individually). Over 4 weeks, animals were fed either a finely ground pelleted diet (FP), a coarsely ground meal diet (CM), a meal diet either with 22% cracked corn (CORN), 16.9% dried whey (WHEY) or 30% raw potato starch (RPS). Fifty % of animals showing lower differences in serological Lawsonia intracellularis values between the start and the end of the trial were characterised by a higher dry matter content in faeces (256 ± 29.4 vs. 239 ± 23.6 g/kg). Lawsonia intracellularis‐negative caecal samples showed the highest butyrate concentrations (27.2 ± 7.53 mmol/kg). Lawsonia intracellularis‐negative faecal samples of group FP showed the highest DM levels in faeces (neg: 290 ± 46.1/pos: 250 ± 52.2 g/kg); negative samples from group RPS had the lowest values (217 ± 24.4 g/kg). Lawsonia intracellularis‐negative faecal samples from the group CM were lower in skatole than positive samples (82.8 ± 32.8 vs. 119 ± 29.3 μg/g DM). RPS group samples without pathogen detection had the lowest skatole concentrations (30.5 ± 36.3 μg/g DM). This study provides first evidence that clinically unremarkable colonisation with intestinal pathogens might influence the results of dietary approaches.
C. Visscher; A. Kruse; S. Sander; C. Keller; J. Mischok; R. Tabeling; H. Henne; R. Deitmer; J. Kamphues. Dietary approaches reducing boar taint-Importance ofLawsonia intracellulariscolonisation for interpreting results. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2018, 102, 3 -15.
AMA StyleC. Visscher, A. Kruse, S. Sander, C. Keller, J. Mischok, R. Tabeling, H. Henne, R. Deitmer, J. Kamphues. Dietary approaches reducing boar taint-Importance ofLawsonia intracellulariscolonisation for interpreting results. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2018; 102 ():3-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Visscher; A. Kruse; S. Sander; C. Keller; J. Mischok; R. Tabeling; H. Henne; R. Deitmer; J. Kamphues. 2018. "Dietary approaches reducing boar taint-Importance ofLawsonia intracellulariscolonisation for interpreting results." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 102, no. : 3-15.