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Insect larvae meal has been proposed as a sustainable protein source for animal diets. This study aimed to provide information on including black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) in comparison to poultry meal (PM) in the canine diet with regard to digestibility and fecal characteristics. In light of this trend, the levels of PM or BSFL meal were added to replace about 30% of dry matter of the basic extruded diet. Six Beagle dogs (BW 9.64 kg) were included in a cross-over experiment. Dogs fed a BSFL meal-based diet showed higher (p< 0.05) apparent protein digestibility (82.3%) compared to those offered a PM-based diet (80.5%). Apparent digestibility for fat was higher (p< 0.05) in groups fed the BSFL meal-based diet (94.5%) compared to those offered the PM-based diet (91.6%). The fecal consistency scores for dogs fed both diets were within an acceptable range (well-formed and firm). Fecal dry matter content was higher (p< 0.05) for dogs fed the PM-based diet (33.0%) compared to those offered the BSFL meal-based diet (28.0%). Including BSFL meal in dog food can be an appropriate source of protein without any negative effects on nutrient digestibility and fecal quality.
Amr Abd El-Wahab; Laura Meyer; Mareike Kölln; Bussarakam Chuppava; Volker Wilke; Christian Visscher; Josef Kamphues. Insect Larvae Meal (Hermetia illucens) as a Sustainable Protein Source of Canine Food and Its Impacts on Nutrient Digestibility and Fecal Quality. Animals 2021, 11, 2525 .
AMA StyleAmr Abd El-Wahab, Laura Meyer, Mareike Kölln, Bussarakam Chuppava, Volker Wilke, Christian Visscher, Josef Kamphues. Insect Larvae Meal (Hermetia illucens) as a Sustainable Protein Source of Canine Food and Its Impacts on Nutrient Digestibility and Fecal Quality. Animals. 2021; 11 (9):2525.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmr Abd El-Wahab; Laura Meyer; Mareike Kölln; Bussarakam Chuppava; Volker Wilke; Christian Visscher; Josef Kamphues. 2021. "Insect Larvae Meal (Hermetia illucens) as a Sustainable Protein Source of Canine Food and Its Impacts on Nutrient Digestibility and Fecal Quality." Animals 11, no. 9: 2525.
Minimizing the clinical signs of Enterococcus cecorum infections causing enterococcal spondylitis in broiler herds is successful when initiated as metaphylaxis in the first week of life. Mechanistically, either the Enterococcus species present at that time are reduced by antibiotic treatment or antibiotic treatment might induce changes in intestinal microbiota composition with an indirect and subsequent influence. The aim of the present study was to examine the cecal microbiota of chickens after administering lincospectin or different additives to evaluate whether these additives have lincospectin-like effects on microbiota. Therefore, 157,400 broiler chickens were reared in four chicken houses (~40,000 birds each) on a broiler farm with history of enterococcal spondylitis. Each flock was treated either with lincospectin or water soluble esterified butyrins, Bacillus (B.) licheniformis or palm oil was added via drinking water during the first days of life. Ten birds per house were dissected at days 11, 20 and 33 of life and cecal microbiota were analyzed (16S rRNA gene sequencing). Lincospectin treatment elicited significant changes in the cecal microbiota composition until slaughter age. Among the tested additives, effects of B. licheniformis on cecal microbiota composition were most similar to those seen after the treatment with lincospectin at day 11.
Julia Hankel; Björn Bodmann; Matthias Todte; Eric Galvez; Till Strowig; Dimitri Radko; Ali Antakli; Christian Visscher. Comparison of Chicken Cecal Microbiota after Metaphylactic Treatment or Following Administration of Feed Additives in a Broiler Farm with Enterococcal Spondylitis History. Pathogens 2021, 10, 1068 .
AMA StyleJulia Hankel, Björn Bodmann, Matthias Todte, Eric Galvez, Till Strowig, Dimitri Radko, Ali Antakli, Christian Visscher. Comparison of Chicken Cecal Microbiota after Metaphylactic Treatment or Following Administration of Feed Additives in a Broiler Farm with Enterococcal Spondylitis History. Pathogens. 2021; 10 (8):1068.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulia Hankel; Björn Bodmann; Matthias Todte; Eric Galvez; Till Strowig; Dimitri Radko; Ali Antakli; Christian Visscher. 2021. "Comparison of Chicken Cecal Microbiota after Metaphylactic Treatment or Following Administration of Feed Additives in a Broiler Farm with Enterococcal Spondylitis History." Pathogens 10, no. 8: 1068.
Since mineral supplements for horses commonly contain macro minerals, although the requirement for such is usually covered by roughage-based diets, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary calcium levels on mineral serum concentrations and bone metabolism. The trial was conducted in 30 young warmblood stallions (2–3 years) that were divided into two groups for a five-month feeding trial. The groups were fed a hay- and oat-based diet and were either supplied with high (Ca-High) or moderate (Ca-Moderate) calcium excess. While in Ca-High calcium supply was about 2–2.5-fold of the requirement, in Ca-Moderate calcium requirements were slightly surpassed (1.5–1.6-fold). In order to monitor the effects of the different calcium supply, blood samples were taken during the trial and analysed for levels of macro and trace elements as well as concentrations of two bone markers. In Ca-Moderate a trend towards higher phosphorus serum levels compared to Ca-High was observed which was significant at the end of the trial (p = 0.0002). Furthermore, results showed no influence of the diet on bone markers. Results support the idea that forage-based rations for horses do not necessarily have to be supplemented with macro minerals but with trace elements.
Dana Carina Schubert; Lisa-Theresa Neustädter; Manfred Coenen; Christian Visscher; Josef Kamphues. Investigations on the Effects of Different Calcium Supply Exceeding the Requirements on Mineral Serum Concentrations and Bone Metabolism in Young Warmblood Stallions. Animals 2021, 11, 2439 .
AMA StyleDana Carina Schubert, Lisa-Theresa Neustädter, Manfred Coenen, Christian Visscher, Josef Kamphues. Investigations on the Effects of Different Calcium Supply Exceeding the Requirements on Mineral Serum Concentrations and Bone Metabolism in Young Warmblood Stallions. Animals. 2021; 11 (8):2439.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDana Carina Schubert; Lisa-Theresa Neustädter; Manfred Coenen; Christian Visscher; Josef Kamphues. 2021. "Investigations on the Effects of Different Calcium Supply Exceeding the Requirements on Mineral Serum Concentrations and Bone Metabolism in Young Warmblood Stallions." Animals 11, no. 8: 2439.
Comminuting the ingested material in the stomach and fermentation in the large intestine of ostriches, allows an efficient utilization of fiber-rich feedstuffs. The entire gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of 61 adult ostriches (both sexes; av. age of 15 months), which had previously been fed a ration consisting of either haylage and pelleted compound feed (HP) or haylage, corn silage and pelleted compound feed (HCP), was the subject of the present investigations. The weight of the different compartments of the GIT was measured. The digesta was differentiated into inorganic and organic substances. Wet sieving was used to separate the collected stones (>19 mm), small stones (1 mm) and sand (< 1 mm). Ostriches fed the HCP diet had a significantly higher empty gizzard weight (3435 g) compared to those fed the HP diet (3064 g). Additionally, the weight of the empty cecum (left and right parts) was increased (P < 0.05) for ostriches fed the HCP diet (107 and 122 g, respectively) in comparison to those fed the HP diet (93.4 and 108 g, respectively). The weight of pure digesta in the gizzard and left or right cecum for ostriches fed the HP diet was higher (1640, 448 and 471 g, respectively) compared to those fed the HCP diet (P < 0.05). The contents of crude ash and HCl-insoluble ash in the digesta of all the GIT compartments were higher for ostriches fed the HP diet in comparison to those fed the HCP diet (P < 0.05). Independent of the type of the offered diet, the large stones occurred only in the proventriculus and gizzard (2.71 and 4.76%, respectively), while sand dominated in the colon (30.3%). The high proportion of stones in the gizzard form the "mechanical equipment" which enables the animals to grind basic feed such as corn silage or haylage, and these are almost completely excreted as sand. Continuous stone replacement for ostriches is necessary but the amount mostly depends on the type of feed.
Amr Abd El-Wahab; Frederick Fimmo Schuchmann; Bussarakam Chuppava; Christian Visscher; Christiane Pfarrer; Josef Kamphues. Studies on the weight of the gastrointestinal tract, digesta composition and occurrence of gastro- and enteroliths in adult domesticated ostriches fed different diets. Poultry Science 2021, 100, 101359 .
AMA StyleAmr Abd El-Wahab, Frederick Fimmo Schuchmann, Bussarakam Chuppava, Christian Visscher, Christiane Pfarrer, Josef Kamphues. Studies on the weight of the gastrointestinal tract, digesta composition and occurrence of gastro- and enteroliths in adult domesticated ostriches fed different diets. Poultry Science. 2021; 100 (9):101359.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmr Abd El-Wahab; Frederick Fimmo Schuchmann; Bussarakam Chuppava; Christian Visscher; Christiane Pfarrer; Josef Kamphues. 2021. "Studies on the weight of the gastrointestinal tract, digesta composition and occurrence of gastro- and enteroliths in adult domesticated ostriches fed different diets." Poultry Science 100, no. 9: 101359.
This study aimed to evaluate the influences of different flooring designs and feed particle sizes on the spread of Salmonella (S.) in broiler chickens. Birds (n = 480) were allocated to four different housing systems (fully littered with and without floor heating, partially and fully slatted flooring with sand bath) and two dietary treatments (finely and coarsely ground diets) in 24 boxes. Two broilers per box were experimentally infected with S. Enteritidis (8.00 log10 CFU/bird) at d 17. Salmonella prevalence in caecal contents and the liver was highest in broilers housed on fully slatted floor until d 36/37 (88.1% and 91.5%, respectively), and lowest in litter flooring (caecal content 64.4%) and litter flooring with floor heating (liver 61.7%). In turn, broilers on littered flooring expressed the lowest Salmonella counts in caecal content at d 36/37 (2.21 ± 1.75 log10 CFU/g), partial slatted flooring the highest (3.76 ± 1.46 log10 CFU/g). The mean Salmonella count in the caecal content was significantly lower for birds fed a coarsely ground diet (0.96 and 1.94 log10 CFU/g) than a finely ground diet (5.07 and 3.34 log10 CFU/g) at d 23 and d 36/37, respectively (p < 0.0001). Slatted flooring with a sand bath did not show advantages in terms of Salmonella reduction, whereas the coarsely ground diet markedly reduced the spread of Salmonella.
Marwa Ahmed; Amr Abd El-Wahab; Jan-Philip Kriewitz; Julia Hankel; Bussarakam Chuppava; Christine Ratert; Venja Taube; Christian Visscher; Josef Kamphues. Mitigating the Spread and Translocation of Salmonella Enteritidis in Experimentally Infected Broilers under the Influence of Different Flooring Housing Systems and Feed Particle Sizes. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 874 .
AMA StyleMarwa Ahmed, Amr Abd El-Wahab, Jan-Philip Kriewitz, Julia Hankel, Bussarakam Chuppava, Christine Ratert, Venja Taube, Christian Visscher, Josef Kamphues. Mitigating the Spread and Translocation of Salmonella Enteritidis in Experimentally Infected Broilers under the Influence of Different Flooring Housing Systems and Feed Particle Sizes. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (4):874.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarwa Ahmed; Amr Abd El-Wahab; Jan-Philip Kriewitz; Julia Hankel; Bussarakam Chuppava; Christine Ratert; Venja Taube; Christian Visscher; Josef Kamphues. 2021. "Mitigating the Spread and Translocation of Salmonella Enteritidis in Experimentally Infected Broilers under the Influence of Different Flooring Housing Systems and Feed Particle Sizes." Microorganisms 9, no. 4: 874.
The ban on piglet castration without anaesthesia poses a challenge for the meat industry since alternatives ensuring the production of flawless pork have to be established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of biochar on skatole and indole concentration in faeces and plasma on a small scale in finishing boars to prove whether biochar was suitable for use in commercial pork production. Moreover, it was investigated whether biochar affects faecal properties or the performance. For a four-week trial period, 54 boars (bodyweight 97.2 ± 6.88 kg) were divided into three groups. The control (BC0) received no dietary biochar, one group received a diet containing 4% coated biochar (corresponding to 2% pure biochar) for the final two experimental weeks (BC2), and another group for the entire four weeks (BC4), respectively, prior to slaughter. Skatole and indole concentrations were measured in faeces and plasma at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the trial. Mean skatole concentrations did not differ between groups, but in BC2 faecal skatole was significantly decreased at day 26, whereas in BC4 initial and final faecal skatole levels did not differ. At day 15 and 26, the faecal dry matter content was significantly higher in pigs fed the biochar diet (p < 0.05).
Dana Schubert; Bussarakam Chuppava; Franziska Witte; Nino Terjung; Christian Visscher. Evaluation of Coated Biochar as an Intestinal Binding Agent for Skatole and Indole in Male Intact Finishing Pigs. Animals 2021, 11, 760 .
AMA StyleDana Schubert, Bussarakam Chuppava, Franziska Witte, Nino Terjung, Christian Visscher. Evaluation of Coated Biochar as an Intestinal Binding Agent for Skatole and Indole in Male Intact Finishing Pigs. Animals. 2021; 11 (3):760.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDana Schubert; Bussarakam Chuppava; Franziska Witte; Nino Terjung; Christian Visscher. 2021. "Evaluation of Coated Biochar as an Intestinal Binding Agent for Skatole and Indole in Male Intact Finishing Pigs." Animals 11, no. 3: 760.
Cereals with low environmental input like rye and animal by-products which cannot be used for human food like feather meal are receiving growing interest as sustainable feed sources. Thus, eight Beagle dogs were included in a 4 × 4 Latin Square design and received a vegetarian basic diet or the same diets supplemented with hydrolyzed feather meal (2.7%) and either 20.1% of corn meal, 60.4% of fermented rye or 20.1% of rye as is basis (moisture content of the diets about 42%). Compared to other groups the dry matter (DM) content of feces from dogs fed the basic diet was higher (30.0%, p < 0.05), while dogs fed the basic diet + rye had the lowest DM-content (26.5%, p < 0.05). However, the fecal scores were considered to be within an acceptable range (well-formed and firm). Starch digestibility was lower (p < 0.05) for dogs fed the basic diet + corn meal. The dogs showed a high and identical acceptance (scoring of food intake) of the experimental diets. As a comparable quality of feces and a high nutrient digestibility were observed when rye was used in the experimental diets—it can be considered an alternative carbohydrate source in dog foods.
Amr El-Wahab; Volker Wilke; Richard Grone; Christian Visscher. Nutrient Digestibility of a Vegetarian Diet with or without the Supplementation of Feather Meal and Either Corn Meal, Fermented Rye or Rye and Its Effect on Fecal Quality in Dogs. Animals 2021, 11, 496 .
AMA StyleAmr El-Wahab, Volker Wilke, Richard Grone, Christian Visscher. Nutrient Digestibility of a Vegetarian Diet with or without the Supplementation of Feather Meal and Either Corn Meal, Fermented Rye or Rye and Its Effect on Fecal Quality in Dogs. Animals. 2021; 11 (2):496.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmr El-Wahab; Volker Wilke; Richard Grone; Christian Visscher. 2021. "Nutrient Digestibility of a Vegetarian Diet with or without the Supplementation of Feather Meal and Either Corn Meal, Fermented Rye or Rye and Its Effect on Fecal Quality in Dogs." Animals 11, no. 2: 496.
Liquid feed is susceptible to microbiological growth. Yeasts are said to cause sudden death in swine due to intestinal gas formation. As not all animals given high yeast content feed fall ill, growth and gas formation potential at body temperature were investigated as possible causally required properties. The best identification method for these environmental yeasts should be tested beforehand. Yeasts derived from liquid diets without (LD − S) and liquid diets with maize silage (LD + S) were examined biochemically (ID32C-test) and with MALDI-TOF with direct smear (DS) and an extraction method (EX). Growth temperature and gas-forming potential were measured. With MALDI-EX, most yeast isolates were identified: Candida krusei most often in LD − S, and C. lambica most often in LD + S, significantly more than in LD − S. Larger colonies, 58.75% of all yeast isolates, were formed at 25 °C rather than at 37 °C; 17.5% of all isolates did not grow at 37 °C at all. Most C. krusei isolates formed high gas amounts within 24 h, whereas none of the C. lambica, C. holmii and most other isolates did. The gas pressure formed by yeast isolates varied more than tenfold. Only a minority of the yeasts were able to produce gas at temperatures common in the pig gut.
Birgit Keller; Henrike Kuder; Christian Visscher; Ute Siesenop; Josef Kamphues. Yeasts in Liquid Swine Diets: Identification Methods, Growth Temperatures and Gas-Formation Potential. Journal of Fungi 2020, 6, 337 .
AMA StyleBirgit Keller, Henrike Kuder, Christian Visscher, Ute Siesenop, Josef Kamphues. Yeasts in Liquid Swine Diets: Identification Methods, Growth Temperatures and Gas-Formation Potential. Journal of Fungi. 2020; 6 (4):337.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBirgit Keller; Henrike Kuder; Christian Visscher; Ute Siesenop; Josef Kamphues. 2020. "Yeasts in Liquid Swine Diets: Identification Methods, Growth Temperatures and Gas-Formation Potential." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 4: 337.
Improving the hygienic status of feed ingredients by biotechnological processes as fermentation is of the greatest concern. This preliminary study aimed to investigate whether there are relevant effects of fermented liquid feed (FLF) on the survival of potential pathogens in vitro. The feed (fresh basis) consisted of 50% rye, 30% rapeseed extracted meal, 10% barley and 10% wheat. Glass bottles were filled about 14.1 g water (38 °C) containing the diluted starter culture and feed (8.81 g). Fermentation led to high levels of lactate (5–7% of dry matter), low pH values (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens after 6 h of controlled fermentation, was significantly reduced (10 CFU/g). The counts of Candida krusei in FLF at 3 h and 6 h post inoculation remained almost unchanged regardless of the incubation time. Even adding sodium-benzoate at a concentration of up to 0.25% in the liquid feed did not reduce the survival of C.krusei during fermentation. Based on this in vitro study, feeding of FLF seems a promising strategy to reduce pathogen transmission but has to be confirmed on natural feeds by pathogens for increasing the hygienic properties.
Sebastian Bunte; Birgit Keller; Bussarakam Chuppava; Josef Kamphues; Christian Visscher; Amr Abd El-Wahab. Influence of Fermented Diets on In Vitro Survival Rate of Some Artificially Inoculated Pathogens—A Preliminary Study. Processes 2020, 8, 1345 .
AMA StyleSebastian Bunte, Birgit Keller, Bussarakam Chuppava, Josef Kamphues, Christian Visscher, Amr Abd El-Wahab. Influence of Fermented Diets on In Vitro Survival Rate of Some Artificially Inoculated Pathogens—A Preliminary Study. Processes. 2020; 8 (11):1345.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastian Bunte; Birgit Keller; Bussarakam Chuppava; Josef Kamphues; Christian Visscher; Amr Abd El-Wahab. 2020. "Influence of Fermented Diets on In Vitro Survival Rate of Some Artificially Inoculated Pathogens—A Preliminary Study." Processes 8, no. 11: 1345.
Public health concerns and the potential for food-borne zoonotic transmission have made Salmonella a subject of surveillance programs in food-producing animals. Forty-two piglets (25 d of age and initially 7.48 kg) were used in a 28 d infection period to evaluate the effects of a high proportion of rye on reducing Salmonella Typhimurium. Piglets were divided into two diet groups: control diet (wheat 69%) and experimental diet (rye 69%). After a one-week adaptation period, all piglets were orally infected with Salmonella Typhimurium (107 log CFU/mL; 2mL/pig). Salmonella in fecal shedding were evaluated at day 1, 3, 5, 7 and then weekly after infection. At the end of the experimental period (at day 28 after infection), the piglets were euthanized to sample feces, cecal digesta contents and ileocecal lymph nodes to determine the bacterial counts of Salmonella. The results suggest that the bacterial counts in the experimental group fed rye diets showed evidence of reducing Salmonella fecal shedding from day 14 onwards and decreasing the number of Salmonella in cecal digesta. However, the translocation of Salmonella in ileocecal lymph nodes was not affected. Furthermore, feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion did not differ between the groups (p > 0.05).
Bussarakam Chuppava; Volker Wilke; Clara Hartung; Amr El-Wahab; Richard Grone; Andreas Von Felde; Josef Kamphues; Christian Visscher. Effect of a High Proportion of Rye in Compound Feed for Reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium in Experimentally Infected Young Pigs. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1629 .
AMA StyleBussarakam Chuppava, Volker Wilke, Clara Hartung, Amr El-Wahab, Richard Grone, Andreas Von Felde, Josef Kamphues, Christian Visscher. Effect of a High Proportion of Rye in Compound Feed for Reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium in Experimentally Infected Young Pigs. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (11):1629.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBussarakam Chuppava; Volker Wilke; Clara Hartung; Amr El-Wahab; Richard Grone; Andreas Von Felde; Josef Kamphues; Christian Visscher. 2020. "Effect of a High Proportion of Rye in Compound Feed for Reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium in Experimentally Infected Young Pigs." Microorganisms 8, no. 11: 1629.
Rye could offer diverse benefits in terms of sustainability if it could replace parts of the main cereals, corn and wheat, in broiler diets. A total of 256 broilers, Ross 308, were randomly allocated into 32 pens. From day 14 till day 42, the birds were divided into four feeding groups (eight replicates each). The control group received a conventional finisher diet “control”, whereas in the other groups, a pelleted supplementary feed was offered (SFI to corn and SFII to rye), to which crushed corn (SFI-Corn) or squashed rye (SFII-Rye) was added. The fourth group received a mixture of 50% SFI-Corn and 50% SFII-Rye. The cereal level was increased weekly (5%, 10%, 20%, 30%) at the expense of the supplementary feeds. No significant effects were observed for body weight at d 42 and excreta viscosity between all groups. Overall, foot pad health was excellent. Compared to the control group, birds fed SFI-Corn displayed a significant increase in gizzard relative weight, whereas, in contrast to all other groups, ileal villus height was significantly lower. In conclusion, feeding SFI-Corn or SFII-Rye diets had no negative influences on performance, litter quality and digesta viscosity, whereas SFI-Corn partially affected ileal morphology.
Amr El-Wahab; Jan Lingens; Bussarakam Chuppava; Marwa Ahmed; Ahmed Osman; Marion Langeheine; Ralph Brehm; Venja Taube; Richard Grone; Andreas Von Felde; Josef Kamphues; Christian Visscher. Impact of Rye Inclusion in Diets for Broilers on Performance, Litter Quality, Foot Pad Health, Digesta Viscosity, Organ Traits and Intestinal Morphology. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7753 .
AMA StyleAmr El-Wahab, Jan Lingens, Bussarakam Chuppava, Marwa Ahmed, Ahmed Osman, Marion Langeheine, Ralph Brehm, Venja Taube, Richard Grone, Andreas Von Felde, Josef Kamphues, Christian Visscher. Impact of Rye Inclusion in Diets for Broilers on Performance, Litter Quality, Foot Pad Health, Digesta Viscosity, Organ Traits and Intestinal Morphology. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7753.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmr El-Wahab; Jan Lingens; Bussarakam Chuppava; Marwa Ahmed; Ahmed Osman; Marion Langeheine; Ralph Brehm; Venja Taube; Richard Grone; Andreas Von Felde; Josef Kamphues; Christian Visscher. 2020. "Impact of Rye Inclusion in Diets for Broilers on Performance, Litter Quality, Foot Pad Health, Digesta Viscosity, Organ Traits and Intestinal Morphology." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7753.
Anthropomorphism of dogs has affected feeding and the choice of components present in diets for dogs. Conflicting trends are present: raw or vegetarian appear more prevalent. Animal-derived proteins seem to have unfavourable impacts on intestinal microflora by decreasing the presence of Bacteroidetes. This preliminary study evaluates whether effects of diets with animal proteins on intestinal microbiota can be compensated by the addition of certain carbohydrates to dog diet. Eight female beagles were included in a cross-over study and fed a vegetarian diet or the same diet supplemented with feather meal (2.7%) and either 20% of cornmeal, fermented or non-fermented rye (moisture content of the diets about 42%). A 16S rRNA gene amplification was performed within the hypervariable region V4 on faecal samples and sequenced with the Illumina MiSeq platform. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio tended to shift to the advantage of Firmicutes when feather meal and cornmeal were added (Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of 5.12 compared to 2.47 when offered the vegetarian diet) and tended to switch back to the advantage of Bacteroidetes if rye: fermented (2.17) or not (1.03) was added. The addition of rye might have the potential to compensate possible unfavourable effects of diets with animal proteins on intestinal microbiota of dogs.
Julia Hankel; Amr Abd El-Wahab; Richard Grone; Birgit Keller; Eric Galvez; Till Strowig; Christian Visscher. Faecal Microbiota of Dogs Offered a Vegetarian Diet with or without the Supplementation of Feather Meal and either Cornmeal, Rye or Fermented Rye: A Preliminary Study. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 1363 .
AMA StyleJulia Hankel, Amr Abd El-Wahab, Richard Grone, Birgit Keller, Eric Galvez, Till Strowig, Christian Visscher. Faecal Microbiota of Dogs Offered a Vegetarian Diet with or without the Supplementation of Feather Meal and either Cornmeal, Rye or Fermented Rye: A Preliminary Study. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (9):1363.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulia Hankel; Amr Abd El-Wahab; Richard Grone; Birgit Keller; Eric Galvez; Till Strowig; Christian Visscher. 2020. "Faecal Microbiota of Dogs Offered a Vegetarian Diet with or without the Supplementation of Feather Meal and either Cornmeal, Rye or Fermented Rye: A Preliminary Study." Microorganisms 8, no. 9: 1363.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of feed particle size and flooring designs on organ traits, performance and pododermatitis in broilers. A total of 480 broilers (Ross 308) of both sexes were randomly assigned to two feeding groups (finely or coarsely ground pelleted diets; with addition of 5% to 10% intact wheat in coarsely diets) and four different housing systems (litter; litter with floor heating; partially or fully slatted floor) with three subgroups each. A coarse diet increased the final gizzard and pancreas weights (p < 0.001) while decreasing the risk of Isthmus gastrici dilatation compared to a fine diet (p < 0.001). Broilers fed a coarse diet displayed an increased final body weight (p = 0.023) and led to a favourable feed conversion ratio. Final body weight was the highest (p < 0.001) for birds housed on partially or fully slatted floor. Housing birds on litter with floor heating showed the lowest pododermatitis scoring (p < 0.001). It seems to be favourable to use coarse diets for organ development, whereas slatted floors seem to foster enlargement of the Isthmus gastrici. Increasing growth performance was possible both when using coarse diets or slatted floors.
Amr Abd El-Wahab; Jan-Philip Kriewitz; Julia Hankel; Bussarakam Chuppava; Christine Ratert; Venja Taube; Christian Visscher; Josef Kamphues. The Effects of Feed Particle Size and Floor Type on the Growth Performance, GIT Development, and Pododermatitis in Broiler Chickens. Animals 2020, 10, 1256 .
AMA StyleAmr Abd El-Wahab, Jan-Philip Kriewitz, Julia Hankel, Bussarakam Chuppava, Christine Ratert, Venja Taube, Christian Visscher, Josef Kamphues. The Effects of Feed Particle Size and Floor Type on the Growth Performance, GIT Development, and Pododermatitis in Broiler Chickens. Animals. 2020; 10 (8):1256.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmr Abd El-Wahab; Jan-Philip Kriewitz; Julia Hankel; Bussarakam Chuppava; Christine Ratert; Venja Taube; Christian Visscher; Josef Kamphues. 2020. "The Effects of Feed Particle Size and Floor Type on the Growth Performance, GIT Development, and Pododermatitis in Broiler Chickens." Animals 10, no. 8: 1256.
Optimal intestinal development in gilts is a prerequisite for a better farrowing and a higher feed intake in lactation, and these are important facets in improving animal welfare for sows in a high-performance situation. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a fiber-rich diet on these topics. Studies with 20 male Topigs castrates and a performance study with 38 female siblings were conducted. Pigs in both of the groups were offered either a control diet (CG) or a high fiber diet (FG) during the second half of the rearing phase (~97 kg BW) until 7 days a.p. At the time of the insemination of the gilts (body weight >170 kg), the castrates were slaughtered and the morphological parameters of the gastrointestinal tract were taken. In the performance study, the feed intake as well as the number and weight of the live and stillborn piglets and the weaning weight of the litters were recorded. The results indicated that the high fiber diet with a greater swelling capacity was beneficial to the development of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach weight CG = 714 g, FG = 812 g, p = 0.007), increased the litter weight (CG =15.9 kg, FG = 20.6 kg, p = 0.045) and resulted in a higher feed intake during lactation overall (CG = 196 kg, FG = 211 kg, p = 0.035).
Miriam Priester; Christian Visscher; Michaela Fels; Georg Dusel. Influence of Dietary Fiber on the Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract and the Performance of Gilts. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4961 .
AMA StyleMiriam Priester, Christian Visscher, Michaela Fels, Georg Dusel. Influence of Dietary Fiber on the Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract and the Performance of Gilts. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):4961.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiriam Priester; Christian Visscher; Michaela Fels; Georg Dusel. 2020. "Influence of Dietary Fiber on the Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract and the Performance of Gilts." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 4961.
The development of the backfat thickness of fattening pigs in relation to their weight allows first conclusions to be drawn concerning the efficiency of individual growth and classification of the carcass. The hypothesis was that, firstly, via measurement of backfat thickness and muscle diameter, their ratio and the quality of the carcass can be predicted and that, secondly, using resource-efficient and sustainable feeding has no negative effects on the carcass. Over a 70-day period, ultrasound examinations of backfat and musculus longissimus dorsi were performed in a pen with sorting gates and automatic body mass recordings every two weeks on 121 animals of the same age, starting at approximately 50 kg. Data were subdivided into four groups for each measurement time. There was weak (Examination 1: r = −0.28164; p = 0.0018) but steadily increasing correlation (Examination 5: r = −0.60657; p ≤ 0.0001) between the backfat/muscle ratio and the carcass quality. In all four groups, significant differences in the diameter of the M. longissimus dorsi (“light fat (LF) = 3.29 cm; “light lean (LL)” = 3.62 cm; “heavy fat (HF)” = 3.69 cm; “heavy lean (HL)” = 3.93 cm) and in backfat thickness (LF = 0.44 cm; LL = 0.38 cm; HF= 0.47 cm; HL= 0.39 cm) could be shown during the first examination.
Bernd Reckels; Richard Hölscher; Cornelia Schwennen; Alexandra Lengling; Ute Stegemann; Karl-Heinz Waldmann; Christian Visscher. Resource-Efficient Classification and Early Predictions of Carcass Composition in Fattening Pigs by Means of Ultrasound Examinations. Agriculture 2020, 10, 222 .
AMA StyleBernd Reckels, Richard Hölscher, Cornelia Schwennen, Alexandra Lengling, Ute Stegemann, Karl-Heinz Waldmann, Christian Visscher. Resource-Efficient Classification and Early Predictions of Carcass Composition in Fattening Pigs by Means of Ultrasound Examinations. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (6):222.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBernd Reckels; Richard Hölscher; Cornelia Schwennen; Alexandra Lengling; Ute Stegemann; Karl-Heinz Waldmann; Christian Visscher. 2020. "Resource-Efficient Classification and Early Predictions of Carcass Composition in Fattening Pigs by Means of Ultrasound Examinations." Agriculture 10, no. 6: 222.
Fibre sources as feed components with specific physical characteristics like a high swelling capacity (SC), viscosity and water-binding capacity (WBC) have been discussed to affect sow behaviour and to have long-term effects on lactational performance. The present studies aim to analyse the effects of different fibre sources in diets for sows on behaviour in gestation, reproductive performance as well as piglet development. Twenty-eight feedingstuffs (four grain varieties, 16 by-products, three oilseeds and five leguminous plants) were compared concerning swelling capacity, viscosity and water binding capacity to select fibre sources with optimal physical characteristics. Following this a digestibility study was carried out with eight castrates for determining digestibilities of gross energy, crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat and crude ash. Additionally, a practical feeding experiment during gestation was performed with 96 sows of Danish genetics. Two supplements for sows with different fibre sources were composed, namely a control diet (based on wheat bran and lignocellulose) and a test diet containing sugar beet pulp, alfalfa, rapeseed meal, soybean hulls, grape pomace and lignocellulose. Six pens with eight sows each were video-monitored for 2 weeks (evaluation of interactions and fights). Furthermore, the animals were subjected to weekly scoring to count skin injuries. To check the fibre effect on reproductive performance and piglet development, the body condition development of the sows as well as the number and weight of live and stillborn piglets, litter weight- and weaning weight of the litters were recorded. Digestibility of crude fibre increased significantly in the experimental group (58.8% ± 3.3 vs. 49.0% ± 4.3, p = 0.01). At the sow trial, there was a tendency to observe less aggressive interactions and fewer fights in sows in the fibre group without significance. No significant differences could be measured between the two groups concerning performance parameters of sows and piglets. Only changing the fibre source in a gestational diet does not have significant effects on the sows´ behaviour and performance of sows and piglets in lactation. It should be investigated how the amount of fibre can be increased without having any negatives effects on the performance so that the positive effects on the behaviour of the sows become more obvious.
Miriam Priester; Christian Visscher; Michaela Fels; Karl Rohn; Georg Dusel. Fibre supply for breeding sows and its effects on social behaviour in group-housed sows and performance during lactation. Porcine Health Management 2020, 6, 15 .
AMA StyleMiriam Priester, Christian Visscher, Michaela Fels, Karl Rohn, Georg Dusel. Fibre supply for breeding sows and its effects on social behaviour in group-housed sows and performance during lactation. Porcine Health Management. 2020; 6 (1):15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiriam Priester; Christian Visscher; Michaela Fels; Karl Rohn; Georg Dusel. 2020. "Fibre supply for breeding sows and its effects on social behaviour in group-housed sows and performance during lactation." Porcine Health Management 6, no. 1: 15.
The housing of fattening pigs, their feeding, and the emissions associated with this process are subjects of criticism. In order to reduce emissions and ensure resource efficiency, new paths must be taken; animals must be fed closer to their actual needs. In a pig fattening farm, 655 animals were grouped according their body weight and their body composition, consisting of weight and muscle-fat-ratio, which was determined by ultrasound examinations. The influence of different concentrations of triticale whole plant silage (WPS) (from 2.5% to 10%) on the feed intake capacity (3.88 kg to 2.71 kg (88% dry matter (DM))) of each group and the ability to control it was determined. Ammonia emissions were measured and the pens floor pollution was assessed. The animals could be distinguished significantly from each other by ultrasound examinations. The crude fiber influenced the level of daily feed intake. Ammonia emissions were not negatively influenced and could be partly reduced. There was no negative impact on surface contamination due to the increased use of crude fiber. The amount of daily feed intake was controlled by crude fiber rich diets. If these findings are adapted to certain types of pigs, a reduction of emissions and an increased resource efficiency can be expected.
Alexandra Lengling; Bernd Reckels; Cornelia Schwennen; Richard Hölscher; Karl-Heinz Waldmann; Christian Visscher; Wolfgang Büscher. Validation of a New Resource-Efficient Feeding System for Fattening Pigs Using Increased Crude Fiber Concentrations in Diets: Feed Intake and Ammonia Emissions. Animals 2020, 10, 497 .
AMA StyleAlexandra Lengling, Bernd Reckels, Cornelia Schwennen, Richard Hölscher, Karl-Heinz Waldmann, Christian Visscher, Wolfgang Büscher. Validation of a New Resource-Efficient Feeding System for Fattening Pigs Using Increased Crude Fiber Concentrations in Diets: Feed Intake and Ammonia Emissions. Animals. 2020; 10 (3):497.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandra Lengling; Bernd Reckels; Cornelia Schwennen; Richard Hölscher; Karl-Heinz Waldmann; Christian Visscher; Wolfgang Büscher. 2020. "Validation of a New Resource-Efficient Feeding System for Fattening Pigs Using Increased Crude Fiber Concentrations in Diets: Feed Intake and Ammonia Emissions." Animals 10, no. 3: 497.
Due to the zoonotic potential of Salmonella, the high prevalence of Salmonella on pig farms deserves particular attention. Because there is limited precise data on piglet-producing farms, this survey evaluated the Salmonella status of 24 different pig farms that had previously been divided into 12 Salmonella-conspicuous (SC) and 12 Salmonella-inconspicuous (SI) farms on the basis of the serological status of their piglets (25 kg). The evaluation was based on 498 environmental samples and 2641 blood samples, as well as on a biosecurity screening. SC farms were subdivided into farms with sow vaccination against Salmonella (n = 3) and those without vaccination (n = 9). In accordance with the previous classification, both the highest Salmonella prevalence in the environment and the highest antibody titers of the examined piglets were determined on SC farms at both defined time points. Piglets from vaccinated sows showed the highest OD% values, before and after vaccination. On SC farms, most Salmonella-positive samples could be obtained in rearing areas (2017: 40.8%, 2019: 26.0%). The results of this study indicate that sow vaccination alone cannot influence Salmonella prevalence at the farm level. Above all, general infection pressure seems to play a major role for Salmonella prevalence in the environment and for high OD% values of related pigs.
Juhle-Marijke Buch; Christian Visscher; Anton Schulte Zu Sundern; Josef Schulte-Wülwer; Ansgar Deermann; Carolin Holling. Prevalence of Salmonella by Serological and Direct Detection Methods in Piglets from Inconspicuous, Conspicuous, and Vaccinated Sow Herds. Animals 2019, 10, 29 .
AMA StyleJuhle-Marijke Buch, Christian Visscher, Anton Schulte Zu Sundern, Josef Schulte-Wülwer, Ansgar Deermann, Carolin Holling. Prevalence of Salmonella by Serological and Direct Detection Methods in Piglets from Inconspicuous, Conspicuous, and Vaccinated Sow Herds. Animals. 2019; 10 (1):29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuhle-Marijke Buch; Christian Visscher; Anton Schulte Zu Sundern; Josef Schulte-Wülwer; Ansgar Deermann; Carolin Holling. 2019. "Prevalence of Salmonella by Serological and Direct Detection Methods in Piglets from Inconspicuous, Conspicuous, and Vaccinated Sow Herds." Animals 10, no. 1: 29.
Sustainably produced poultry meat with consideration of animal health poses a challenge for broiler production. Low protein diets with high amounts of synthetic amino acids (AAs) like methionine (Met) are the consequence. In a five-week feeding trial, 360 broilers (Ross 308) assigned to four feeding groups were offered protein-reduced complete diets (starter: 20% crude protein (CP); grower: 18.5% CP; finisher: 17.5% CP), supplemented with essential AAs. The “MHA” group received DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid (DL-HMTBA; trade name: MHA®), groups “L” and “DL” the respective Met source in equivalent concentrations each exceeding the nutritional recommendations. “R-MHA” (“R” for “reduced”) received the minimum required level (using MHA as Met source). Performance exceeded performance goals without differences between the groups. The average feed conversion ratio (FCR) amounted to 1.35. The carcass/body weight ratio of R-MHA was significantly lower (0.782) compared to DL (0.808) and L (0.809). Breast meat of R-MHA contained significantly more fat (144 g/kg dry matter (DM)) compared to L (104 g/kg DM) and significantly lower CP content (R-MHA: 838 g/kg DM; L: 875 g/kg DM). The results indicated possible improvement in slaughter yield by protein-reduced diets supplemented with L-Met, thus recommending further research focusing on the Met influence.
Cristina Ullrich; Marion Langeheine; Ralph Brehm; Venja Taube; Mercedes Rosillo Galera; Karl Rohn; Johanna Popp; Christian Visscher. Influence of Different Methionine Sources on Performance and Slaughter Characteristics of Broilers. Animals 2019, 9, 984 .
AMA StyleCristina Ullrich, Marion Langeheine, Ralph Brehm, Venja Taube, Mercedes Rosillo Galera, Karl Rohn, Johanna Popp, Christian Visscher. Influence of Different Methionine Sources on Performance and Slaughter Characteristics of Broilers. Animals. 2019; 9 (11):984.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Ullrich; Marion Langeheine; Ralph Brehm; Venja Taube; Mercedes Rosillo Galera; Karl Rohn; Johanna Popp; Christian Visscher. 2019. "Influence of Different Methionine Sources on Performance and Slaughter Characteristics of Broilers." Animals 9, no. 11: 984.
This study tested a choice feeding model for Nile tilapia that allowed the selection of a higher or lower protein content in the diet depending on water temperature. Nile tilapia were reared in twelve 200‐L tanks for 63 days with 12 fish (body weight 38 g/fish at start) per tank. Two temperatures (22 or 30°C) and two color combinations (yellow and red each) for a two‐component diet containing 30% (low) and a 38% (high) crude protein content based on dry matter were used. High water temperature (30 vs. 22°C) resulted in a significantly higher feed rate (1.93 ± 0.123 and 1.26 ± 0.100%, respectively), body weight gain (39.3 ± 4.29 and 4.75 ± 0.66 g, respectively), final body weight (70.3 ± 9.31 and 43.0 ± 7.49 g, respectively), and feed efficiency (55.4 ± 6.09 and 14.6 ± 2.86%, respectively), as well as protein efficiency ratio (1.687 ± 0.186 and 0.450 ± 0.087, respectively), regardless of color codes. No significant differences of color codes on growth parameters, body composition, and fatty acid profile were seen. Higher water temperature (30 vs. 22°C) only had an effect on percentage‐specific fatty acids of total fatty acids of the whole body (biggest difference: C16:0, 20.5 ± 1.00 and 17.4 ± 1.11%, respectively). Therefore, water temperature clearly influences growth and fatty acid composition of the body.
Amr Abd El‐Wahab; Christian Visscher; Felix Teitge; Dieter Steinhagen. Choice preference of diets with different protein levels depending on water temperature in Nile tilapia. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 2019, 51, 512 -526.
AMA StyleAmr Abd El‐Wahab, Christian Visscher, Felix Teitge, Dieter Steinhagen. Choice preference of diets with different protein levels depending on water temperature in Nile tilapia. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 2019; 51 (2):512-526.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmr Abd El‐Wahab; Christian Visscher; Felix Teitge; Dieter Steinhagen. 2019. "Choice preference of diets with different protein levels depending on water temperature in Nile tilapia." Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 51, no. 2: 512-526.