Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between maternal health behaviors and neonatal outcomes among the Indonesian population. Methods: Articles were collected from PubMed, EBSCO, ProQuest, DOAJ, and GARUDA. Funnel plots and Egger’s tests analyzed indications of publication bias. A Mantel–Haenszel random-effects model was used to see the overall effect size of exposures on outcomes. Heterogeneity was seen based on I². Data collected from articles included the author, year of publication, location of the study, study design, number of samples, risk factors, and effect sizes. Results: We identified 24 relevant studies, including eight from the primary databases and 16 from an additional database. A total of 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis, examining the association between maternal health behaviors and neonatal outcomes. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for passive smoking and low-birth-weight (LBW) was 3.41 (95% CI: 1.75–6.63, I² = 40%, four studies). The pooled OR for incomplete antenatal care (ANC) and LBW was 6.29 (95% CI: 2.11–18.82, I² = 70%, four studies). The pooled OR for incomplete ANC and neonatal mortality was 2.59 (95% CI: 1.01–6.66, I² = 93%, four studies). Conclusions: The results indicated that pregnant women with incomplete ANC had a higher risk of LBW and neonatal mortality, and those who were passively exposed to smoking had a higher risk of LBW. Further investigations are needed, considering the high heterogeneity found, and additional meta-analyses should be based on the variations of socio-demographic conditions.

Background: Stunting is impaired growth and cognitive development that could decrease learning ability and productivity and increase morbidity and mortality. In 2018, 30.8% of children under the age of five in Indonesia were stunting. Chronic lack of nutrition as a cause of stunting is well known. However, the type of food that causes differences in the conditions between stunting and non-stunting children still needs further investigation. Dietary diversity is an indicator to identify the type and quality of food consumed. Objectives: Analyzing the relationship between dietary diversity and stunting and determinants of stunting in children aged 24-59 months in Indonesia. Methods: This was an observational study using a cross-sectional design. Secondary data from the (IFLS) 5 was used. Bivariate analysis was conducted using the chi-square test. Multivariate analysis used the logistic regression test. The subjects in this study were 2421 children aged 24-59 months. Results: Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between dietary diversity and stunting. Significant relationships were found between meat, eggs, milk and its products, and vitamin A-rich vegetables and stunting. Multivariate analysis showed LBW, economic status, area of residence, and maternal education are predictors of stunting. Conclusions: Dietary diversity, especially consumption of animal protein such as eggs, meat, fish, and milk could improve the quality of children’s diets. Improving the quality of diets could potentially reduce the risk of stunting. Therefore, efforts and strategies are needed to increase accessibility to various foods and increase nutritional knowledge.

Background: Food safety in school environments is a key factor in supporting the continuity of educational activities. However, monitoring of hygiene and sanitation practices among school food vendors remains suboptimal. Unsafe or contaminated food can pose serious health risk to students. Poor hygiene and sanitation practices by food vendors are a key contributor to foodborne illnesses in schools. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the hygiene and sanitation practices of school food vendors in Yogyakarta and the factors influencing the implementation of these practices. Methods: A cross-sectional study employing a quantitative observational design was conducted in nine elementary schools in Sleman, involving 60 food vendors operating in the surrounding school areas. Associations between independent variables (age, gender, educational background, years of experience, training history, knowledge level, and attitude) and hygiene and sanitation practices were assessed using the chi-square test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the model and identify factors influencing the implementation of hygiene and sanitation practices among school food vendors. Results: The study found that 55% of respondents did not adequately implement hygiene and sanitation practices, particularly in the area of personal hygiene. Slightly more than half of the food vendors (51.67%) had insufficient knowledge. Education level (AOR=1.58, 95% CI=1.05-3.616) and knowledge level (AOR=6.535, 95% CI=1.652-25.86) were significantly associated with the implementation of hygiene and sanitation practices. Conclusions: Education and knowledge levels are key factors influencing hygiene and sanitation practices among school food vendors. Targeted educational interventions for all stakeholders involved in program implementation are recommended to enhance knowledge and promote good hygiene and sanitation practices.

Ketersediaan makanan sehat di sekolah merupakan faktor penting dalam mendukung tumbuh kembang anak usia sekolah. Masih banyak kantin Sekolah Dasar yang belum memenuhi standar kesehatan dan keamanan pangan sesuai pedoman Kementerian Kesehatan. Rendahnya pengawasan dan ketiadaan komitmen tertulis menjadi hambatan utama. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komitmen pengelola kantin dalam upaya mewujudkan kantin sehat di Sekolah Dasar. Penelitan ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus di tiga SD Negeri di Sleman, Yogyakarta. Informan dipilih secara purposive sampling sebanyak 8 orang yang terdiri dari kepala sekolah, penjaga kantin, dan guru UKS. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan triangulasi teknik dan triangulasi sumber. Triangulasi teknik dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Triangulasi sumber dilakukan dengan cara mengecek data yang diperoleh melalui beberapa sumber. Analisis data dilakukan secara tematik dengan mengididentifikasi pola atau tema dalam data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga sekolah belum memiliki komitmen tertulis dalam pengelolaan kantin sehat. Faktor penghambat utama meliputi: keterbatasan sumber daya manusia, minimnya pelatihan, keterbatasan dana, fasilitas fisik yang belum memadai, minimnya pengawasan dari instansi terkait, serta kebiasaan siswa jajan di luar sekolah. Faktor pendukung antara lain partisipasi wali murid melalui makanan yang dibuat di rumah, kunjungan dari Puskesmas, dan kesadaran umum akan pentingnya makanan sehat. Diperlukan komitmen tertulis, pembentukan tim pengelola, kerja sama dengan instansi kesehatan dan pendidikan, peningkatan sarana, serta pelatihan yang berkelanjutan bagi pengelola kantin.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of five types of household level double burden malnutrition (DBM) in mother-child dyads and examine socioeconomic