Water demand has been increasing considerably around the world, mostly since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. It has caused many problems for water supply, especially in arid areas. Consequently, there is a need to assimilate lessons learned to ensure water security. In arid climates, evaluating the groundwater potential is critical, particularly because the only source of drinking water and irrigation for the community is groundwater. The objective of this report is to locate and identify probable groundwater basins in the upper Wadi Namous basin’s Ain Sefra area. GIS and RS were used to evaluate the parameters of morphometry and to demarcate groundwater potential zones by using eight different influencing factors, viz., geology, rainfall, height, slope, land cover, land use, and lineaments density are all factors to consider. The analytical hierarchical process (AHP) was used to give weightages to the factors, and definitions within each attribute were sorted in order of priority for groundwater potentiality. The major findings of the research were the creation of groundwater-potential zones in the watershed. The hydrogeological zone of the basin was assessed as follows: very poor (0.56%), poor (26.41%), moderate (44.72%), good (25.22%), and very good (3.1%). The groundwater recharge potential zones are concentrated in low cretaceous locations, according to analytical data. The groundwater potential regions were checked to field inventory data from 45 water locations to corroborate the findings. The qualitative findings and the groundwater inventory data agreed 77.78%, according to the cross-validation study. The produced groundwater potential map might substantially assist in the development of long-term management plans by enabling water planners and decision-makers to identify zones appropriate for the placement of productive wells and reducing investment losses caused by well drilling failures. The results of the study will also serve as a benchmark for further research and studies, such as hydrogeological modeling.

The present study explores the free convective of a micropolar nanoliquid flow through a vertical radiative plate in a saturated porous medium. Surface temperature based on streamwise sinusoidal is addressed. The basic PDEs governing the problem are converted into a dimensionless PDE system with proper transformations. The obtained PDE system is solved by applying a new hybrid linearization spectral collocation method (HLSCM). HLSCM is a semi-analytical numerical high order method that results in analytical approximate solutions in η-orientation, and so the solutions are defined overall the η range, not only at grid points. Plots are diagramed to investigate the impacts pertinent emerging parameters on the velocity and temperature distributions. Along with those, the heat transfer rate and drag coefficient are exhibited and debated in detail. It is manifested that the increment in the amplitude of wall temperature and micropolar parameter produces a sufficient increment of the drag coefficient and Nusselt number. Moreover, it is also uncovered that magnifying in temperature ratio elucidates a significant rise in both the drag coefficient and heat transport through a porous medium.

The current research is prepared to address the transport phenomenon in a hydro-magnetized flow model on a porous stretching sheet. Mass and heat transport are modeled via temperature dependent models of thermal conductivity and diffusion coefficients. Accordingly, the involvement of radiation, chemical reaction, the Dufour effect, and the Soret effect are involved. The flow presenting expression has been modeled via boundary layer approximation and the flow is produced due to the experimental stretching sheet. The governing equations have been approximated numerically via shooting method. The efficiency of the scheme is established by including the comparative study. Moreover, a decline in the velocity field is recorded against the escalating values of the porosity parameter and the magnetic parameter.

Many engineering and scientific models are based on the nonlinear system of equations (NSEs), and their effective solution is critical for development in these domains. NSEs can be modeled as an optimization problem. So, the goal of this paper is to propose an optimization method, to solve the NSEs, which is called a chaotic enhanced genetic algorithm (CEGA). CEGA is a chaotic noise-based genetic algorithm (GA) that improves performance. CEGA will be configured so that it uses a new definition which is chaotic noise to overcome the drawbacks of optimization methods such as lack of diversity of solutions, the imbalance between exploitation and exploration, and slow convergence of the best solution. The goal of chaotic noise is to reduce the number of repeated solutions and iterations to speed up the convergence rate. In the chaotic noise, the chaotic logistic map is utilized since it has been used by numerous researchers and has proven its efficiency in increasing the quality of solutions and providing the best performance. CEGA is tested using many well-known NSEs. The suggested algorithm's results are compared to the original GA to prove the importance of the modifications introduced in CEGA. Promising results were obtained, where CEGA’s average percentage of improvement was about 75.99, indicating that it is quite effective in solving NSEs. Finally, comparing CEGA’s results with previous studies, statistical analysis by Friedman and Wilcoxon’s tests demonstrated its superiority and ability to solve this kind of problem.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the analysis of the steady boundary layer flow of nanofluid and heat transfer on a continuously moving permeable or fixed surface in the presence of high suction effect. A model is developed to analyze the behavior of nanofluids taking into account the solid fraction. Different water based nanofluids containing metallic nanoparticles as copper (Cu), or nonmetallic nanoparticles alumina (Al₂O₃) and titanium oxide (TiO₂) has been considered. The resulting governing equations with associated boundary conditions are nondimensionalized and transformed into a similar form and then they are solved via singular perturbation technique. The method results in approximate analytical solution of the considered equations. A comparison with numerical solution generated using the inbuilt MATLAB solver, bvp4c, is presented and reveals that the applied method is sufficiently accurate for engineering applications. Numerical results for the velocity and temperature profiles, as well as the local skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are shown graphically and discussed for several values of the solid volume fraction parameter and large values of suction parameter.