This investigation focuses on flow energy, a crucial parameter in the design of water structures such as channels. The research endeavors to explore the relative energy loss (ΔEAB/EA) in a constricted flow path of varying widths, employing Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Gene Expression Programming (GEP), Multiple Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), M5 and Random Forest (RF) models. Experiments span a Froude number range from 2.85 to 8.85. The experimental findings indicate that the ΔEAB/EA exceeds that observed in a classical hydraulic jump with constriction section. Within the SVM model, the linear kernel emerges as the best predictor of ΔEAB/EA, outperforming polynomial, radial basis function (RBF), and sigmoid kernels. In addition, in the ANN model, the MLP network was more accurate compared to the RBF network. The results indicate that the relationship proposed by the MARS model can play a significant role resulting in high accuracy compared to the non-linear regression relationship in predicting the target parameter. Upon comprehensive evaluation, the ANN method emerges as the most promising among the candidates, yielding superior performance compared to the other models. The testing phase results for the ANN-MLP are noteworthy, with R = 0.997, average RE% = 0.63%, RMSE = 0.0069, BIAS = −0.0004, DR = 0.999, SI = 0.0098 and KGE = 0.995.

This study investigates the effects of gate openings and different sill widths on the sluice gate’s energy dissipation and discharge coefficient (C_d). The physical model of the sills includes rectangular sills of different dimensions. The results show that the gate opening size is inversely related to the C_d for a gate without a sill. In addition, increasing the gate opening size for a given discharge decreases the relative energy dissipation, and increasing the Froude number increases the relative energy dissipation. The results also show that the C_d and relative energy dissipation decrease when the width of the sill is decreased, thus increasing the total area of the flux flowing through the sluice gate and vice versa. According to the experimental results, the relative energy dissipation and the C_d of the sluice gate are larger for all sill widths than without the sill. Finally, non-linear polynomial relationships are presented based on dimensionless parameters for predicting the relative energy dissipation and outflow coefficient.

Viable renewable energy sources must be low-cost, easy to install, clean, and reliable if they are to meet the energy demand of urban or rural areas. Water is able to provide efficient sources of electrical energy among alternative renewable energy sources. Using modern hydraulic techniques, drinking water can be transported to the areas where it is needed. Studies on obtaining energy from drinking water networks are quite limited. Although not as necessary as water in terms or human health, electrical power is still critically important in many applications (lighting, heating, cooling, etc.). Consequently, many countries are developing energy using various renewable energy sources. In this study, a water distribution network in the Armağan Village of Maçka district of Trabzon province were used to obtain electrical energy. There are 47 pressure breaking valves (PBVs) in this network and the broken energy height is 236.35 m. The same energy loss can be achieved by installing microturbines instead of PBVs, and electricity generation can thus be achieved with a clean energy source. It was found that 84.12kWh of energy was obtained from each PBV, with a total of 3950kWh. The most suitable microturbine was selected according to sound microturbine selection criteria. From this study, it is revealed that electricity can be produced by using a Microturbine instead of Pressure Breaker Valves (PBVs).

This paper aims to explore the effects of a sill under a standard sluice gate on the development of the intake vortices. In total, 200 experiments were carried out. Sills with different shapes and widths were considered both numerically and experimentally. Results indicated that using a sill changes the flow depth and upstream pressure. Using a silled gate causes a decrease in the amount of air entering the fluid. By increasing the sill width, the vortex intensity reduces and this reduction is further amplified by increasing the approach discharge. The experimental findings are also compared to the results from the numerical model Flow-3D with interesting agreements.

In this study, a nonstructural and eco-friendly solution has been used to reduce scouring downstream of screens. Upstream of the screen are stilling basins protected against scouring, but downstream locations are subjected to flow scouring. One of the challenges that the current research brings with it is the process of dispersing nanomaterials. In this research, to achieve its goals, three beds of channels with sedimentary materials, sedimentary materials plus clay, as well as sedimentary materials with a combination of clay and montmorillonite nanoclay have been used. The experimental results show the positive effect of clay and nanoclay on scour depth reduction downstream of the screens. The best performance occurs with the clay and montmorillonite clay mixture. The positive effect of clay and montmorillonite nanoclay mixture for scour length reduction is observed, and by utilizing this mixture, the length of scouring has decreased 33%. Furthermore, by adding clay and montmorillonite nanoclay mixture, the scour depth is reduced up to 39 and 46%, respectively. Utilizing clay and montmorillonite nanoclay mixture has a positive effect on scouring control. It could be very useful for cases such as rivers where bed protection with concrete is not possible.

Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesinde, Karadeniz Sahil Yolunun inşası 2007 yılında tamamlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, kıyı erozyonunu engellemek ve yolu korumak amacıyla T-mahmuz grupları inşa edilmiş ve balıkçı barınağı ıslah çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Bölgenin en önemli geçim kaynakları arasında balıkçılık yer aldığından balıkçı barınağı ve çekek yerleri oldukça fazla kullanılmaktadır. Bölgedeki akarsuların taşımış olduğu katı maddeler, balıkçı barınaklarında sığlaşma problemi doğurmakta olup, bu durum barınakların verimli kullanımını engellemektedir. Bu çalışmada, Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin Rize ve Trabzon illeri sınırları içerisinde bulunan 8 adet balıkçı barınağı ve çekek yeri belirlenmiştir. Belirli yıllarda yapılan ölçüm çalışmaları sonucu elde edilen değerler kullanılarak eş derinlik eğrileri oluşturulmuştur. Eş derinlik eğrileri vasıtasıyla balıkçı barınaklarının sığlaşma durumları irdelenmiştir. Shoaling of fishery harbours in the Eastern Black Sea region In the Eastern Black Sea Region, within the context of Black Sea Coastal Highway, which was finished in 2007, T-groin groups were built and fishery harbour rehabilitation work was carried out in order to prevent coastal erosion and protect the road. Among the most important livelihoods of the region are fishing where fishery harbours and launches have been used extensively. The sediments carried by the streams in the region have resulted in shoaling of fishery harbours, which prevents efficient use of the harbours. In this study, 8 fishery harbours and harbour launches located in the Rize and Trabzon, the Eastern Black Sea region, have been studied with the context of shoaling. After the measurement studies carried out for various time intervals, contours were formed by using the values obtained and by using these curves, shoaling conditions of these structures were investigated and analyzed. [1] İlgili yazar: veli.sume@erdogan.edu.tr / Tel: 0 464 223 75 18 / 1252