The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of quantitative ultrasound of fetal lung texture analysis in predicting neonatal respiratory morbidity (NRM) in twin pregnancies. This was an ambispective study involving consecutive cases. Eligible cases included twin pregnancies between 27.0 and 38.6 weeks of gestation, for which an ultrasound image of the fetal thorax was obtained within 48 h of delivery. Images were analyzed using quantusFLM^® version 3.0. The primary outcome of this study was neonatal respiratory morbidity, defined as the occurrence of either transient tachypnea of the newborn or respiratory distress syndrome. The performance of quantusFLM^® in predicting NRM was analyzed by matching quantitative ultrasound analysis and clinical outcomes. This study included 166 images. Neonatal respiratory morbidity occurred in 12.7% of cases, and it was predicted by quantusFLM^® analysis with an overall sensitivity of 42.9%, specificity of 95.9%, positive predictive value of 60%, and negative predictive value of 92.1%. The accuracy was 89.2%, with a positive likelihood ratio of 10.4, and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.6. The results of this study demonstrate the good prediction capability of NRM in twin pregnancies using a non-invasive lung texture analysis software. The test showed an overall good performance with high specificity, negative predictive value, and accuracy.

Objective: To evaluate the concordance of the risk of neonatal respiratory morbidity (NRM) assessed by quantitative ultrasound lung texture analysis (QuantusFLM®) in fetuses of twin pregnancies.Methods: Prospective study conducted in twin pregnancies. Fetal ultrasound lung images were obtained at 26.0–38.6 weeks of gestation. Categorical (high or low) and continuous results of the risk of NRM were compared between twins.Results Fetal ultrasound lung images from 131 pairs of twins were included. The images were classified into three gestational age ranges: Group 1: 26.0 to 29.6 weeks (29.8%); Group 2: 30.0 to 33.6 weeks (37.4%) and Group 3: 34.0 to 38.6 weeks (32.8%). Concordance was good in Groups 1 and 3 and moderate in Group 2. In Groups 2 and 3 at least one fetus presented high-risk results in 26.5 % and 11.6% of twin pairs, respectively. Only gestational age <32 weeks, gestational diabetes mellitus and in vitro fertilization were associated with a high risk of NRM in Group 2.Conclusions There was good concordance of the risk of NRM between twins 34.0 weeks. From 30.0 to 33.6 weeks 26.5% of the twin pairs had discordant results, with moderate concordance of the risk of NRM.