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Prof. Adam R. Szromek
Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland

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0 Management
0 Tourism
0 Business models
0 Health resorts
0 Spa tourism function

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Short Biography

Adam R. Szromek is an Full Professor of Tourism Economy at the Silesian University of Technology in Poland. He is also a member of the Commission on Management Sciences at the Polish Academy of Sciences. His research interests focus on heritage tourism and health tourism with special attention to spa tourism management and business models in spa enterprises. Prof. Szromek's research has appeared in the Tourism Management, American Journal of Tourism Management, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Sustainability, Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism and Human Resources for Health.

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Research article
Published: 07 June 2021 in Tourism Recreation Research
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Urban space is often the cause of disputes. The underlying causes of these disputes are conflicting interests, attitudes and needs regarding the way it is used. Among the various functions performed by cities, tourism activities have been distinguished as the foremost in the cities of historical value. Mass tourism has developed in the last decade and its excessive flow of tourists has in turn leaded to overtourism which as described by literature is a negative phenomenon. The causes of conflicts related to the development of tourism and their scale are very diverse. The freezing of the tourism economy during the COVID-19 pandemic created an opportunity to balance its development in the future. As described in the article, this research aims at identifying the attitudes and expectations of Krakow's residence towards the tools of balancing the tourism economy in the post pandemic period. The statistical analysis of the acquired data collected through questionnaires from 386 respondents during July 2020 revealed that most of the respondents support the preservation of cultural heritage and landscapes over business and profit making.

ACS Style

Adam R. Szromek; Zygmunt Kruczek; Bartłomiej Walas. Stakeholders’ attitudes towards tools for sustainable tourism in historical cities. Tourism Recreation Research 2021, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Adam R. Szromek, Zygmunt Kruczek, Bartłomiej Walas. Stakeholders’ attitudes towards tools for sustainable tourism in historical cities. Tourism Recreation Research. 2021; ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam R. Szromek; Zygmunt Kruczek; Bartłomiej Walas. 2021. "Stakeholders’ attitudes towards tools for sustainable tourism in historical cities." Tourism Recreation Research , no. : 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2021 in Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity
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The paper aims to analyze the environmental aspects of innovation activity undertaken by companies and, in particular, to assess sustainable business leaders’ propensity to generate eco-innovation. The research described in the paper was descriptive and, to some extent, diagnostic. It was based on a non-random sample and was conducted—using the Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) method—in 2019 among 54 of the most eco-innovative Polish companies. The results of the research indicate that they are more likely to generate radical rather than incremental changes. Moreover, the most eco-innovative companies are those developing technologies for biodiversity protection. The results further indicate that companies with more than 50 employees have a higher propensity to develop incremental and radical eco-innovation than smaller firms with relatively fewer resources. Finally, this study shows that adopting an open innovation strategy strengthens the propensity to generate eco-innovation, especially radical ones. Moreover, developing such changes is dominated by the adoption of strategic and operational forward supply chain collaboration, involving the absorption of knowledge and information streaming directly from the market. The results can provide a frame for developing new business models incorporating collaboration in eco-innovation activities, especially in the situation of a post-pandemic recovery of the economy.

ACS Style

Magdalena Pichlak; Adam Szromek. Eco-Innovation, Sustainability and Business Model Innovation by Open Innovation Dynamics. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2021, 7, 149 .

AMA Style

Magdalena Pichlak, Adam Szromek. Eco-Innovation, Sustainability and Business Model Innovation by Open Innovation Dynamics. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2021; 7 (2):149.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Pichlak; Adam Szromek. 2021. "Eco-Innovation, Sustainability and Business Model Innovation by Open Innovation Dynamics." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 2: 149.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2021 in Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity
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The suspension of tourism due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to an almost complete halt in the activities of the tourism industry. This paper attempts to assess the ability to use the potential of health tourism enterprises in counteracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic and to propose a sustainable transformation of the business model of the health tourism enterprise, taking into account the determinants of sustainable tourism and health crises. The author presents the results of research conducted in March 2021 among 19 managers of the largest spa enterprises in Poland. The managers’ experiences from the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic indicate that sanatoriums and other health tourism facilities, during periods of health and humanitarian crises, can successfully play a preventive and relieving role for healthcare facilities by implementing post-COVID treatment, conducting vaccinations, organizing isolators for people in quarantine, and even treating patients who do not have symptoms but require hospitalization. The transformation of the business model of these companies, in the form of a sustainable SusHT-CANVAS+ business model, is proposed and the mentioned critical activities are positioned in the model in the form of sustainable value.

ACS Style

Adam Szromek. Transformation of Business Models in Spa Enterprises for Medical Purposes in Situations of Epidemic Threats. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2021, 7, 143 .

AMA Style

Adam Szromek. Transformation of Business Models in Spa Enterprises for Medical Purposes in Situations of Epidemic Threats. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2021; 7 (2):143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam Szromek. 2021. "Transformation of Business Models in Spa Enterprises for Medical Purposes in Situations of Epidemic Threats." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 2: 143.

Journal article
Published: 14 May 2021 in Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity
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The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced or even temporarily halted tourism worldwide. The lack of tourists has huge consequences not only for the tourism industry, but also for the tourism economy. Health tourism enterprises are also affected by this problem, but their situation is somewhat different from other tourism enterprises, as the relationship of these enterprises with the healthcare system provides an opportunity to continue operations, albeit in a different role than the tourism function. The diagnostic objective of this article is to assess the impact of the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the activities of tourism and medical tourism enterprises operating in spa destinations after 12 months of the pandemic situation. The cognitive objective, on the other hand, is to identify the roles that these companies play in reducing the impact of epidemic risks. The article presents the results of the research conducted in 19 tourism and medical companies, covering 115 sanatorium facilities, run in Polish health spas. The results indicate that although their economic situation is difficult, it is at the same time stable. Two reasons in particular stand out: (1) financial support from government anti-crisis programs; and (2) implementation of rapid organizational changes that enable the implementation of epidemiological prevention tasks, relieving the burden on infectious diseases hospitals by operating an isolation center, a vaccination center, or a quarantine facility for asymptomatic patients. This use of tourism infrastructure contributes to promoting it as open innovation in tourism.

ACS Style

Adam Szromek. The Role of Health Resort Enterprises in Health Prevention during the Epidemic Crisis Caused by COVID-19. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2021, 7, 133 .

AMA Style

Adam Szromek. The Role of Health Resort Enterprises in Health Prevention during the Epidemic Crisis Caused by COVID-19. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2021; 7 (2):133.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam Szromek. 2021. "The Role of Health Resort Enterprises in Health Prevention during the Epidemic Crisis Caused by COVID-19." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 2: 133.

Journal article
Published: 25 February 2021 in Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity
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The article presents the results of the analysis of the elements of business models of spa tourism enterprises in the context of the principles of sustainable development in tourism business. In the process of defining individual rules for tourist enterprises, an approach based on sustainable tourism criteria and an attempt to adjust them to individual conditions resulting from the specifics of the tourist business activity being carried out was proposed. The characteristics of the individual components of business models were based on the results of interviews conducted in 17 tourism enterprises. The CANVAS scheme was used to examine the structure of the business model. It was found that the business models of spa tourism enterprises not only fail to conform to the principles of sustainable development, but are also not used as managerial tools. Their knowledge among managers is very poor. The analysis was supplemented with additional roles played by Polish sanatoriums in preventing the SARS-Cov2 virus pandemic. The research also revealed an example of cooperation between several spa companies, in the framework of coopetition and exchange of knowledge and services, which can be considered as the initiation of cooperation based on open innovation.

ACS Style

Adam Szromek. The Sustainable Business Model of Spa Tourism Enterprise—Results of Research Carried Out in Poland. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 2021, 7, 73 .

AMA Style

Adam Szromek. The Sustainable Business Model of Spa Tourism Enterprise—Results of Research Carried Out in Poland. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2021; 7 (1):73.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam Szromek. 2021. "The Sustainable Business Model of Spa Tourism Enterprise—Results of Research Carried Out in Poland." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 1: 73.

Journal article
Published: 12 November 2020 in Tourism Management
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The main goal of our research was to identify, characterize and discuss the main types of business models that can be found in touristic heritage sites that have been transformed into such from former industrial facilities or were newly created to pass on the heritage values. The research is a continuation of our study that started in 2017 on on Polish touristic sites, that are associated on a touristic route – Industrial Monuments Route of Silesian Voivodeship. This route is located in southern part of Poland and it is the largest industrial route in the country. Our research revealed, organized and complemented the different types of business model transformation that took place in the analysed sites, among them is the post-production organization model which is the most frequently occurring one. This model applies to touristic ventures or cultural institutions that are former production or extraction facilities. Thanks to the transformation of those sites they suite now to fulfil their new touristic function, even if originally they have been designed for other purposes. The use of such transformed business models has also proven itself as an effective and in many cases the only way to preserve and save cultural heritage from degradation.

ACS Style

Adam R. Szromek; Krzysztof Herman; Mateusz Naramski. Sustainable development of industrial heritage tourism – A case study of the Industrial Monuments Route in Poland. Tourism Management 2020, 83, 104252 .

AMA Style

Adam R. Szromek, Krzysztof Herman, Mateusz Naramski. Sustainable development of industrial heritage tourism – A case study of the Industrial Monuments Route in Poland. Tourism Management. 2020; 83 ():104252.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam R. Szromek; Krzysztof Herman; Mateusz Naramski. 2020. "Sustainable development of industrial heritage tourism – A case study of the Industrial Monuments Route in Poland." Tourism Management 83, no. : 104252.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2020 in Sustainability
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Making decisions in the enterprise is a complex process of choosing the optimal solution. A manager who makes decisions in the management process is guided by a set of managerial criteria and competencies. The manager’s competences are shaped in the process of education and experience acquisition. However, the manager also has its own system of values that can affect the decision-making process. The article presents the results of qualitative study carried out in 52 Polish enterprises, the managers of which declare that they uphold Christian values. The objective of the study was to determine the influence of Christian values on the cooperation with employees, competition, state administration, local community, contractors, and customers. The studies determine both the level of use of the professed values when it comes to enterprise management and the likelihood of the managers to promote Christian values that they uphold. The theoretical issues were based on the review of scientific literature on managerial competences, as well as management carried out on the basis of biblical principles and especially on management by gospel. The results of the research reveal strong engagement of Christian managers in the implementation of the professed values in the enterprise management and low engagement when it comes to promoting the Christian values they uphold.

ACS Style

Adam Szromek. The Importance of Spiritual Values in the Process of Managerial Decision-Making in the Enterprise. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5423 .

AMA Style

Adam Szromek. The Importance of Spiritual Values in the Process of Managerial Decision-Making in the Enterprise. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5423.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam Szromek. 2020. "The Importance of Spiritual Values in the Process of Managerial Decision-Making in the Enterprise." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5423.

Conference paper
Published: 01 July 2020 in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
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The article provides the opportunity to include in the business model of a health resorts enterprise the tasks and objectives of combating key medical and tourist dysfunctions, making the model a sustainable business model. At first, however, an assessment of business models’ components was made and then it was proposed to complement them with preventative and educational activities and other activities limiting the negative results of tourist and therapeutic activity. The spa tourism enterprises activity was used by the author as an example to present such a process. The research basis for the provided information are the results of own study made on the basis of Polish sanatoriums’ business model analysis. To study the business model structure, CANVAS concept was used. As a result, a health resort enterprise business model structure was presented and recommendations complementing this model with sustainable tourism elements were formulated. The assessment of undertaken activities towards guidelines proposed in literature, both for tourist destinations and enterprises, indicates the maladjustment of business models of health resort enterprises in this scope. The basic activities that protect the natural and climate resources of health resorts result from legal provisions imposed by the state and applicable to all enterprises running business activity in the health resort area. They are, therefore, neither included in business models nor undertaken with the awareness on improving natural environment and community, but rather they result from taking care of one’s own business.

ACS Style

Adam R. Szromek. The Sustainable Business Model of Health Resort Enterprise and the Role of Education in Pro-ecological Behavior. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2020, 144 -150.

AMA Style

Adam R. Szromek. The Sustainable Business Model of Health Resort Enterprise and the Role of Education in Pro-ecological Behavior. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2020; ():144-150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam R. Szromek. 2020. "The Sustainable Business Model of Health Resort Enterprise and the Role of Education in Pro-ecological Behavior." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 144-150.

Journal article
Published: 23 June 2020 in Sustainability
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In researchers’ work nowadays there is a big and increasing amount of stress. In this paper, we have conducted an analysis of this problem because we think it is necessary to cope with it to increase the academic workers’ quality of working life. The aim of this paper is to assess the level of stress load of Polish researchers concerning subsequent academic degrees and titles. Based on research, we can say that the level of stress load of Polish researchers concerning subsequent academic degrees and titles is differentiated—the least stressful is professorship, then doctoral thesis, and the most stressful is the habilitation. When analyzing the most frequently observed afflictions that the respondents associate with scientific procedures, it can be stated that these are irritation, nervousness, and aggression, as well as mild stress in the form of headache or stress, which was observed for at least half of the researchers. Almost every three respondents suffered from some kind of psychological problems (depression, depressed mood for a longer period, addictions, the necessity to undergo therapy), and 28.9% suffered from psychosomatic disorders (for example, pain of unknown source of limbs and of internal organs).

ACS Style

Radosław Wolniak; Adam Szromek. The Analysis of Stress and Negative Effects Connected with Scientific Work among Polish Researchers. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5117 .

AMA Style

Radosław Wolniak, Adam Szromek. The Analysis of Stress and Negative Effects Connected with Scientific Work among Polish Researchers. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):5117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Radosław Wolniak; Adam Szromek. 2020. "The Analysis of Stress and Negative Effects Connected with Scientific Work among Polish Researchers." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 5117.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2020 in Sustainability
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Sustainable tourism, carried out on spa tourism enterprises, is a key issue that requires the combination of the implementation of economic goals of business activity and, at the same time, the limitation of negative influences on the tourist areas, which are valuable from the point of nature. The main objective of this article and, at the same time, the objective of theoretical–cognitive and empirical research, is to find links and mutual relations between the entities carrying out tourist and therapeutic activity in health resorts in a model approach, taking into account sustainable tourism elements. The implementation of the goal will be carried out on the basis of empirical studies, covering business models of 17 of the largest health resorts in Poland. The article describes relations occurring in the health resort environment and defines a model of relations between health resort enterprises and other entities functioning within this sector. The network approach of the studied issue is analyzed from the point of view of relations found in the complementary cooperation of entities, among which one is ready to implement the benefit and others express their need for the said benefit and are willing to be its recipients. The network relation of the second type, where the entities combine their forces to meet a common goal, is presented in the form of exemplification of the health resort enterprise network in the Polish market.

ACS Style

Adam R. Szromek. Model of Business Relations in Spa Tourism Enterprises and Their Business Environment. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1 .

AMA Style

Adam R. Szromek. Model of Business Relations in Spa Tourism Enterprises and Their Business Environment. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam R. Szromek. 2020. "Model of Business Relations in Spa Tourism Enterprises and Their Business Environment." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 1.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2020 in Sustainability
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The role of a scientist in society is undoubtedly extremely important. This thesis was particularly confirmed by the global events of the beginning of the third decade of the 21st century, when the spread of the COVID-19 virus revealed the helplessness of humanity in the face of a pandemic. Only intensive scientific work, having an interdisciplinary character, gives hope to stop the development of the spread of the virus. It turned out that it is scientists who are necessary to reduce mortality and morbidity, as well as the negative effects of a pandemic on the economy and public health. In this regard, it is worth discussing whether the scientific work of scientists is satisfying for them? Nowadays, the scientist is demanded for immediate effects of scientific research, implementation of inventions tailored to the emerging needs, and quick solutions to the problems of a dynamically changing society. However, along with the growing social expectations towards researchers, is their work increasingly appreciated? The aim of this article is getting to assess the level of satisfaction with scientific work among researchers and to identify the factors that influence its level. The article presents the results of research conducted on a random sample of 763 academics from Poland. The conducted scientific studies have established that: (1) The level of satisfaction of researchers concerning their own scientific work depends on employment conditions, as well as the social significance of the research carried out, (2) the level of satisfaction from work is closely correlated with the scientific opportunities of researchers (that is, the possibility of academic and didactic work, contact with students and co-workers) and negatively correlated with the necessity to carry out administrative work, and (3) the majority of Polish researchers are proud of their scientific achievements and treat their profession as a passion or vocation.

ACS Style

Adam Szromek; Radosław Wolniak. Job Satisfaction and Problems among Academic Staff in Higher Education. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4865 .

AMA Style

Adam Szromek, Radosław Wolniak. Job Satisfaction and Problems among Academic Staff in Higher Education. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):4865.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam Szromek; Radosław Wolniak. 2020. "Job Satisfaction and Problems among Academic Staff in Higher Education." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 4865.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2020 in Sustainability
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This paper aimed to present a model of natural environment management in national parks in Poland in the context of increased tourist traffic. The research area comprised Polish national parks as they are characterized by barely altered nature, little human impact, and undisturbed natural phenomena. The methods involved the observational method, literature analysis and criticism, and the in-depth interview method employed in November 2019. The respondents included national park management staff. The questions were prepared in accordance with the Berlin Declaration principles of sustainable tourism development and were extended with the authors’ own items. The questionnaire contained 17 questions, grouped in four parts: science and documentation; tourism; cooperation and education; environmental threats. The results indicate that in order for actions to prove efficient in a park, a conservation plan should be carefully developed. Its correctness requires monitoring the state of the environment, tourist traffic size and trends, and tourists’ impact on the environment. An important condition for effective tourism management in parks is to increase the competences of the administering bodies and knowledge regarding individuals’ responsibilities. Boards should be able to evaluate and modify conservation plans, spatial development plans, municipality development strategies, and projects for investments within the parks.

ACS Style

Piotr Oleśniewicz; Sławomir Pytel; Julita Markiewicz-Patkowska; Adam R. Szromek; Soňa Jandová. A Model of the Sustainable Management of the Natural Environment in National Parks—A Case Study of National Parks in Poland. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2704 .

AMA Style

Piotr Oleśniewicz, Sławomir Pytel, Julita Markiewicz-Patkowska, Adam R. Szromek, Soňa Jandová. A Model of the Sustainable Management of the Natural Environment in National Parks—A Case Study of National Parks in Poland. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2704.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Piotr Oleśniewicz; Sławomir Pytel; Julita Markiewicz-Patkowska; Adam R. Szromek; Soňa Jandová. 2020. "A Model of the Sustainable Management of the Natural Environment in National Parks—A Case Study of National Parks in Poland." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2704.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2020 in Sustainability
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This article presents considerations on business models, overtourism, and sustainable development on an example of the most important Polish tourist destination, which is Krakow. The purpose of the article is to identify the values generated and captured by tourist enterprises in the context of the occurrence of a specific level of overtourism. The authors have attempted to identify the values of sustainable tourism declared by entrepreneurs, referring to the companies providing services as well as tourists and the local community. The research, conducted on a sample of 518 respondents including 371 residents and 147 entrepreneurs, not only allowed us to determine the attitudes of Krakow inhabitants toward the phenomenon of overtourism related to the Doxey model of irritation, but also to assess the impact of having/using a business model based on the acceptance of principles in sustainable tourism development. A comparison of the results obtained between enterprises declaring having and not having a business model indicates a great similarity in terms of declared value propositions.

ACS Style

Zygmunt Kruczek; Adam R. Szromek. The Identification of Values in Business Models of Tourism Enterprises in the Context of the Phenomenon of Overtourism. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1457 .

AMA Style

Zygmunt Kruczek, Adam R. Szromek. The Identification of Values in Business Models of Tourism Enterprises in the Context of the Phenomenon of Overtourism. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1457.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zygmunt Kruczek; Adam R. Szromek. 2020. "The Identification of Values in Business Models of Tourism Enterprises in the Context of the Phenomenon of Overtourism." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1457.

Journal article
Published: 26 December 2019 in Sustainability
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Scientific research into the effect of tourist traffic in a tourist area have shown that the excessive concentration of tourist traffic leads to overcrowding in attractive locations, over-advertising, and aggressive commercialization, which lower the aesthetic quality of tourists’ experiences and result in the degradation of natural and cultural resources. The effect of excessive tourist numbers is an increase in the price of services, rental fees, and real estate. In historical cities, it causes the gentrification of historical districts. One of the social effects of an increase in tourist numbers is a change in attitude amongst residents towards tourists. This change is dependent on how residents perceive the positive and negative effects of tourism. The appearance of a negative attitude among residents towards tourists is a result of exceeding the social carrying capacity limits, that is, the ability to accept changes as they take place. This article assesses the attitudes of residents and tourist service providers in Kraków with regard to increasing tourist traffic and the ongoing process of change in the cityscape leading to the gentrification of districts most often visited by tourists. On the basis of a study of 518 respondents, including 371 city residents and 147 representatives of the tourist industry (hotel owners, restaurateurs, and tourist service providers), an assessment is made of their attitudes towards the specific problems of tourism development in Kraków. The research results indicate a variety of attitudes among interested parties, thus confirming the research hypothesis that actors display varied approaches with regard to the further development of tourism in Kraków. The conclusions drawn could prove useful in shaping the city’s policy on tourism according to the idea of sustainable development, by taking into consideration the current and future needs of all interested parties.

ACS Style

Adam R. Szromek; Zygmunt Kruczek; Bartłomiej Walas. The Attitude of Tourist Destination Residents towards the Effects of Overtourism—Kraków Case Study. Sustainability 2019, 12, 228 .

AMA Style

Adam R. Szromek, Zygmunt Kruczek, Bartłomiej Walas. The Attitude of Tourist Destination Residents towards the Effects of Overtourism—Kraków Case Study. Sustainability. 2019; 12 (1):228.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam R. Szromek; Zygmunt Kruczek; Bartłomiej Walas. 2019. "The Attitude of Tourist Destination Residents towards the Effects of Overtourism—Kraków Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 228.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2019 in Sustainability
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The problem of overtourism, i.e., tourist congestion in visited places, and the negative impacts of tourists on the environment and residents, are increasingly noticeable with the increase in popularity of tourism. In addition, human impact on the environment is often negative in relation to the assumptions of the concept of sustainable development. However, the attitude of tourists to the problem of overtourism may vary depending on their ages, because, as in every aspect of life, there are intergenerational differences arising from the political, economic or technological development of the times in which a given generation grew up. The main purpose of the article is to examine the public awareness of the phenomenon of overtourism in the context of intergenerational differences, as well as to determine the impact of tourists on the places visited and the local community. The study was conducted on a sample of 386 respondents representing the X, Y, and Z generations. The study results showed that there is awareness among all generations of respondents about the problem of overtourism, although indifference to this phenomenon was demonstrated by the youngest respondents (Z generation). The respondents also agreed on individual elements of their own impact on the environment and residents, but with different determinations. The article ends with recommendations on the introduction of various management practices that should be implemented in order to make tourism more responsible and sustainable in the future. It is proposed that a road map should be compiled at the local level for sustainable tourism development.

ACS Style

Adam R. Szromek; Beata Hysa; Aneta Karasek. The Perception of Overtourism from the Perspective of Different Generations. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7151 .

AMA Style

Adam R. Szromek, Beata Hysa, Aneta Karasek. The Perception of Overtourism from the Perspective of Different Generations. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7151.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam R. Szromek; Beata Hysa; Aneta Karasek. 2019. "The Perception of Overtourism from the Perspective of Different Generations." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7151.

Journal article
Published: 07 December 2019 in Sustainability
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This paper presents the basis of the tourism area life cycle (TALC) concept and its extension in the context of the implementation of sustainable development practices in the tourist business model. The author uses the logistic function to determine the level of tourist absorption and capacity. The empirical basis of the methods used was statistics on the development of the tourist industry on Bornholm. The objective of the paper is to determine the stage of development of the tourist area of Bornholm and the consequences of this stage for business models of tourist enterprises functioning there. The results of the analysis indicate that the range of tourist absorption was reached in the 1960s–1970s, and that it is currently getting closer to the upper threshold of that range. Tourism on Bornholm, in line with the TALC concept, is currently in the stabilization stage. Future tourist trends on Bornholm depend on many factors; however, if tourist development goes into the decline stage, the offered products may require transformation, in terms of both transport and the form and availability of tourist attractions. Perhaps this will involve a total transformation of the island into a facility with a specific entertainment, leisure, or business profile. The listed solutions will require entrepreneurs to react within the scope of a transformation of their business models into sustainable models of tourist business.

ACS Style

Adam R. Szromek. An Analytical Model of Tourist Destination Development and Characteristics of the Development Stages: Example of the Island of Bornholm. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6989 .

AMA Style

Adam R. Szromek. An Analytical Model of Tourist Destination Development and Characteristics of the Development Stages: Example of the Island of Bornholm. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):6989.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam R. Szromek. 2019. "An Analytical Model of Tourist Destination Development and Characteristics of the Development Stages: Example of the Island of Bornholm." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 6989.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2019 in Sustainability
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This article discusses the need to expand the concept of the value proposition, in order that this business model component includes the value for a customer, the value captured by the enterprise, and the value for the community, as well as benefits for the natural environment. The objective of the article is to identify sustainable development components that have been proposed for tourist enterprises in the research literature. The article proposes actions to complement existing tourist enterprises business models in order to give them the characteristics of a sustainable business model and to implement practices of value creation for the community. The research notes that the value captured by an enterprise determines the level of implementation of its economic objectives resulting from the value creation for the customer and implementation of social objectives (including pro-ecologic ones). The revenues of an enterprise depend, first of all, on meeting the expectations of the customer, meaning that they depend on the value proposition for the customer, and their volume will allow researchers to determine the possibility of creating value for the community. The expected tendency to create value for the community is argued to be proportional to the effectiveness of customer value influence, less the value captured by the enterprise. After an initial review of relevant literature, attention is focused on health tourism enterprises and how these principals can be applied in that context.

ACS Style

Richard W. Butler; Adam R. Szromek. Incorporating the Value Proposition for Society with Business Models of Health Tourism Enterprises. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6711 .

AMA Style

Richard W. Butler, Adam R. Szromek. Incorporating the Value Proposition for Society with Business Models of Health Tourism Enterprises. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (23):6711.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Richard W. Butler; Adam R. Szromek. 2019. "Incorporating the Value Proposition for Society with Business Models of Health Tourism Enterprises." Sustainability 11, no. 23: 6711.

Journal article
Published: 19 July 2019 in Sustainability
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The aim of this article was to identify features and attributes of tourist facilities that affect trust among them and allows estimating the level of trust among any given site on a touristic route. The level of trust can be a key feature that affects the capability of tourist facilities to create and enter complex relations. It is also crucial for planning their future and sustainability. Therefore, measuring trust between tourist facilities plays a major role in the management of inter-organizational relations. The authors used statistical methods in order to identify features that influence the level of inter-organizational trust between these kinds of facilities. The analyzed data comes from research that was conducted in 2017 and describes 42 tourist facilities that operate within the Industrial Monuments Route (IMR)—a Polish route in the region of Silesia. A strong linear correlation was found between variables that described efficiency of communication and trust level. The Classification and Regression Trees (C&RTs) method was used to identify features of tourist facilities that determine the efficiency of communication among them. Afterwards, the obtained data was used to create a multiple regression model that allowed estimating the level of trust between any given site on the route, identifying at the same time that features like communication efficiency, proximity and some institutional similarities have the greatest impact among tourist sites with regard to inter-organizational trust.

ACS Style

Adam R. Szromek; Mateusz Naramski. Measuring Trust in Business Relations between Tourist Facilities on One Thematic Touristic Route. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3935 .

AMA Style

Adam R. Szromek, Mateusz Naramski. Measuring Trust in Business Relations between Tourist Facilities on One Thematic Touristic Route. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (14):3935.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam R. Szromek; Mateusz Naramski. 2019. "Measuring Trust in Business Relations between Tourist Facilities on One Thematic Touristic Route." Sustainability 11, no. 14: 3935.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2019 in Sustainability
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Literature on the trends of health tourism development has proven that it is becoming one of the most important tourism activities. With the growing popularity of this form of tourism, the structure of the needs of tourists and spa patients is simultaneously changing. This article presents the results of self-research carried out in Polish spa resorts based on a sample of 753 patients and spa tourists. The purpose of the research carried out was the development of a value proposition for the client of a spa enterprise as an element of a business model. At the same time, this paper points to the need to base spa activity on the values of sustainable development through key spa resources in the form of a therapeutic climate and natural raw materials applied in spa therapy. The key values for patients and spa tourists are the improvement of health with natural therapeutic resources, recreation in a place with a healing climate, achieving the effect of the treatment, the development of cultural activities, the possibility of taking care of a child during treatment, and the introduction of a psychologist and leisure animator. The mentioned features may become the basis for building a business model of spa enterprises to adapt the value propositions of a client in their business models to the needs demonstrated by the beneficiaries of these values. The problem raised in the article requires a simultaneous consideration of the principles of sustainable development in relation to the natural resources used in spa therapy.

ACS Style

Adam R. Szromek; Katarzyna Wybrańczyk. Proposal of Value for Customer of Spas: Expectations of Spa Patients and Tourist in Polish Spas. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3598 .

AMA Style

Adam R. Szromek, Katarzyna Wybrańczyk. Proposal of Value for Customer of Spas: Expectations of Spa Patients and Tourist in Polish Spas. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (13):3598.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam R. Szromek; Katarzyna Wybrańczyk. 2019. "Proposal of Value for Customer of Spas: Expectations of Spa Patients and Tourist in Polish Spas." Sustainability 11, no. 13: 3598.

Journal article
Published: 27 June 2019 in Sustainability
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The aim of the paper was to create a configuration model of an inter-organizational network for post-industrial tourist organizations. Nowadays, establishing organized and structured cooperation is necessary not only from a single organization’s perspective, which fights for survival on a highly competitive market, but also from the perspective of a whole touristic region. The quality and social responsibility of a regional touristic product is determined not by a single organization, but by their collective outcome. The main goal was achieved by the analysis of tourist sites, their function within the Industrial Monuments Route (IMR) in Poland, as a case for the conducted study. The authors used trust level indicators as determinants for designating inter-organizational relations in the wrought network model. Those relations concern various forms of cooperation that the researched organizations have selected during a structured interview and were willing to undertake under given conditions. The result is a multi-dimensional model of a cooperation network that can be implemented at IMR and used as a guideline for creating similar models for other thematic tourist routes.

ACS Style

Mateusz Naramski; Adam R. Szromek. Configuring a Trust-based Inter-organizational Cooperation Network for Post-industrial Tourist Organizations on a Tourist Route. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3542 .

AMA Style

Mateusz Naramski, Adam R. Szromek. Configuring a Trust-based Inter-organizational Cooperation Network for Post-industrial Tourist Organizations on a Tourist Route. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (13):3542.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mateusz Naramski; Adam R. Szromek. 2019. "Configuring a Trust-based Inter-organizational Cooperation Network for Post-industrial Tourist Organizations on a Tourist Route." Sustainability 11, no. 13: 3542.