The complicated abdominal aorta and its branches are a portion of the circulatory system prone to developing atherosclerotic plaque and aneurysms. These disorders are closely connected to the changing blood flow environment that the area’s complicated architecture produces (between celiac artery and iliac artery bifurcation); this phenomenon is widespread at arterial bifurcations. Based on computed tomography angiography (CTA) scans, this current work offers a numerical analysis of a patient-specific reconstruction of the abdominal aorta and its branches to identify and emphasize the most likely areas to develop atherosclerosis. The simulations were run following the heart cycle and under physiological settings. The wall shear stress (WSS), velocity field, and streamlines were examined. According to the findings, complex flow is primarily present at the location of arterial bifurcations, where abnormal flow patterns create recirculation zones with low and fluctuating WSS (<0.5 Pa), which are known to affect endothelial homeostasis and cause adverse vessel remodeling. The study provides a patient-specific hemodynamic analysis model, which couples in vivo CT imaging with in silico simulation under physiological circumstances. The study offers quantitative data on the range fluctuations of important hemodynamic parameters, such as WSS and recirculation region expansion, which are directly linked to the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. The findings could also help drug targeting at this vascular level by understanding blood flow patterns in the abdominal aorta and its branches.

>Effects of serial stenosis on coronary hemodynamics are investigated in the human right coronary artery (RCA) by blood flow analysis. The 3D...

Long-term efficacy of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is affected by graft failure, mainly attributable to the development of intimal hyperplasia (IH) at the site of the distal anatomosis. IH is triggered by presence of disturbed blood flow patterns and altered hemodynamics in the region of the anastomosis. Several factors contribute to these effects, including graft types, graft diameters, anastomotic angles, the degree of proximal coronary artery stenosis and associated competitive flow. This paper analyzes the influence of graft diameter on local bypass hemodynamics under steady conditions.

Computational fluid dynamics is a non-invasive in silico tool, useful for a detailed analysis of blood flow through the cardiovascular system, especially in coronary flow. The accuracy of numerical results is strongly dependent on the grid used for geometry meshing. A fine mesh is supposed to provide accurate data useful for medical applications in diagnosis, monitoring or prediction of patient evolution in coronary bypass surgery. The efficiency of a fine mesh could be analyzed regarding local or global hemodynamic parameters associated with the flow through the vascular investigation segment. This paper analyzes the influence of some cells and the presence of boundary layer in mesh configurations to the evolution of local hemodynamic parameters (length of recirculation regions in the vicinity of anastomosis region, maximum values of Wall Shear Stress) and global parameter (pressure drop). The use of a fine mesh increases the accuracy of local parameters, offering a better understanding of the local hemodynamics in regions of interest.