The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the Republic of Kazakhstan's healthcare sector over the period 2014-2021 using the non-parametric method of data envelope analysis. The analysis was carried out based on quantitative indicators of the medical statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study's results prove that efficiency tends to change over the medium term. Simultaneously, implementing digital technologies based on the computerisation and digitalisation of the healthcare sector in the short term is revealed to reduce overall efficiency, but that efficiency increases in the long term. The events of the COVID-19 pandemic did not reduce the overall efficiency of the healthcare sector in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Relevance. Public health effectiveness is crucial for population health, especially in the face of global challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic. The study applies the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model to measure the efficiency of operating costs in the health care system across various regions of Kazakhstan from 2017 to 2021. Existing methods for assessing healthcare effectiveness often overlook the system's complexity, which turns DEA into a valuable tool to identify inequalities in healthcare availability and quality.Research objective. This study aims to employ the DEA model to measure the efficiency of operating costs in the health care system across regions of Kazakhstan in 2017-2021.Data and methods. The DEA model was chosen for its ability to analyze the efficiency of operating costs. Data were collected from the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Results. Our findings indicate the need for increased healthcare financing in specific regions, emphasizing the importance of transparent spending. The study concludes that the DEA model can regularly assess health financing, ensuring resources are directed where most needed. The novelty lies in establishing a link between financing and health outcomes.Conclusions. The study's results and methodology can be used by public health authorities in assessing operating costs' effectiveness, allocating resources judiciously, and making informed decisions to enhance the healthcare system.

The article analyzes the level of health indicators to predict the state of this social system and create a certain vision. The list includes coefficients reflecting the general socio-economic situation of the population: the total number of births, deaths, maternal mortality, and mortality of children under five years of age. For a more detailed study of the situation in the health sector, the amount of funds allocated for this direction was also determined. Such ratios reflect the social and economic well- being of the population. Another key indicator of health is the dynamics of mortality from diseases. According to this indicator, the highest mortality in Kazakhstan is observed from diseases of the circulatory system, but nevertheless, the incidence has decreased, reflecting the effectiveness of the health care system. One of the main goals of the article is a correlation analysis of factors influencing the life expectancy of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Correlation analysis revealed positive and negative factors. While digital literacy and health spending are positively correlated with population life expectancy, the number of hospital organizations and the number of hospital beds showed a negative relationship. This study showed that the level of digital literacy of the population has a significant impact on life expectancy and lifestyle. This is evidenced by the fact that in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries have used digital tools to isolate people from each other for safety reasons, thus influencing the overall lifestyle. Today, developed countries are rapidly digitizing the healthcare sector.

This article analyzes the deficit of monetary income of the population of Kazakhstan for the period from 2013 to 2023. The deficit of monetary income is an obstacle to building a fair and prosperous society, which directly correlates with poverty rates in the country. Reducing the poverty level of the population is one of the main tasks that the country needs to fight. Income deficit is understood as the gap between the actual monetary income of households and the level necessary to meet basic needs. The purpose of this article is to identify and assess the deficit of monetary income of the population by regions of Kazakhstan and throughout the country. For the analysis, official statistics on population income were used. The methodology is a mathematical and statistical method, which calculates the deficit of monetary income of the population from 2013 to 2023 and a comparative analysis. The results of the study showed that the income deficit in Kazakhstan has a pronounced regional differentiation. The highest level of deficit is observed in rural areas and in regions with a low level of industrial development. The results obtained allow us to conclude that it is necessary to adopt comprehensive public policy measures aimed at reducing income inequality and improving the standard of living of the population, especially in rural areas and regions with low levels of development.

This study investigates the multidimensional nature of household deprivation in Kazakhstan within the broader context of poverty reduction and sustainable development. Based on a nationally representative household survey (sample size 2005), the data were analyzed using factor analysis in SPSS 25 to uncover latent dimensions of deprivation. The analysis identified six components: socio-cultural, educational, medical, children’s basic needs, food, and infrastructure, which were synthesized into three integrated indices: basic, institutional, and socio-cultural. The results reveal pronounced regional disparities, with the southern and western regions showing higher levels of deprivation, whereas major cities perform significantly better. Income level is a key determinant: households below the subsistence minimum face the highest deprivation risk, particularly in the basic and institutional dimensions of deprivation. Sociocultural deprivation was weakly associated with income. These findings underscore the urgent need for regionally differentiated, income-sensitive policies to mitigate poverty and promote equity. This study offers empirical insights into an underexplored area, contributing to the understanding of household vulnerability in Kazakhstan.

For the Kazakhstani labor market, as well as for all world countries, the issue of gender inequality is relevant. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current level of employment among men and women in the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. To achieve the goal of the study, the following tasks were set: to study the structure of employment in the regional aspect in terms of gender; to analyze the gap in the payment of average wages between men and women on the basis of the method of calculation proposed by the International Labor Organization; analyze the types of economic activity by the share of employed men and women and by the size of the average wage; consider the areas of economic activity with the highest wages. In the study and analysis of the factor of gender differences, a theoretical and empirical analysis was used. The analytical information from various sources of both local and international studies was studied. National statistics on demographics, socio-economic development and human development for the country as a whole, international and regional comparative statistics and indicators in the field of gender equality and women’s empowerment were studied. A conclusion is proposed about the existing dependence of the level of average wages of women and men on the type of economic employment in which they are involved. The results of this study will substantiate the current state of employment and wages among men and women in the Republic of Kazakhstan.