This article analyzes the deficit of monetary income of the population of Kazakhstan for the period from 2013 to 2023. The deficit of monetary income is an obstacle to building a fair and prosperous society, which directly correlates with poverty rates in the country. Reducing the poverty level of the population is one of the main tasks that the country needs to fight. Income deficit is understood as the gap between the actual monetary income of households and the level necessary to meet basic needs. The purpose of this article is to identify and assess the deficit of monetary income of the population by regions of Kazakhstan and throughout the country. For the analysis, official statistics on population income were used. The methodology is a mathematical and statistical method, which calculates the deficit of monetary income of the population from 2013 to 2023 and a comparative analysis. The results of the study showed that the income deficit in Kazakhstan has a pronounced regional differentiation. The highest level of deficit is observed in rural areas and in regions with a low level of industrial development. The results obtained allow us to conclude that it is necessary to adopt comprehensive public policy measures aimed at reducing income inequality and improving the standard of living of the population, especially in rural areas and regions with low levels of development.

The article presents methods for calculating the production function based on complex-valued economics. The uniqueness of the work lies in the fact that the production function is presented as a criterion for managing and forecasting heat supply. Data from the boiler plants of the heat supply company in Taldykurgan are used as initial data. As a result of the analysis, it was decided to use the production function of the complex argument, which will increase the number of process indicators and conduct a more complete analysis of the production of thermal energy.

The aim of this work is to determine the production function using the method of complex-valued economics as a criterion for the management of the centralized heat supply of a city. This paper used the methodology of using stepped production functions of complex variables with real coefficients as a tool to perform dynamic analysis and forecasting of production results, allowing the performance of Manufacturing Execution System tasks of the heat supply system to be tracked. Based on this, a justified selection of a management criterion was made, objectively reflecting both the passive and active components of the administrative and economic activities of the heat supply enterprise. A comparative analysis of production functions was conducted to identify a predictive model for resource provision in the process of heat energy generation. A predictive model of resource provision was developed based on the capital/labor ratio of the enterprise, using a production function with complex variables. In other words, determining the production function allows the analysis of both the quantity and quality of resources used to produce 1 Gcal of energy, as well as the forecast of resource procurement to ensure a reliable and cost-effective heat supply.

В работе представлен лабораторный стенд исследования и моделирования процессов теплообмена, разработанный и собранный кафедрой «Автоматизации и управления». Работа «Разработка программной части лабораторного стенда системы управления теплоснабжением на базе PLC B&R» является успешно завершенным проектом. Разработанное программное обеспечение позволяет эффективно управлять процессами теплообмена на лабораторном стенде. В ходе работы были изучены основы теплообмена, выбраны и использованы программно-логические контроллеры PLC B&R, разработаны алгоритмы оптимизации и отрегулированы параметры системы. Разработанная система была успешно протестирована и показала положительные результаты в области производительности. Результаты работ могут быть использованы для улучшения реальных систем теплоснабжения.

This paper presents an overview of various methods of controlling the microclimate of the production room and the features of the technological process as a control object. Based on the analysis of the control object, a mathematical model of the processes of ventilation and heating element, air humidification device to maintain optimal levels of CO2 concentration, humidity and temperature in the room is developed. The solution of the control problem of the heating and ventilation system in the production premises leads to energy savings on average by 8-12 % while ensuring optimal comfort for the residents. In addition, taking into account the inevitable lag of control channels in relation to changes in microclimate parameters, the mathematical model provides an accurate prediction of process development, as well as high accuracy of control results.

В работе рассмотрены вопросы исследования, моделирования и создания систем автоматического управления теплообменными процессами. Модель системы отопления помещения была реализована в среде программирования Matlab. При моделировании в качестве основных технологических параметров принимались коэффициент теплообмена и расход жидкости в теплообменнике. Предполагается, что полученная модель будет использоваться при моделировании процессов теплообмена с использованием данных, полученных на лабораторном стенде «Моделирование процессов теплообмена».