Physical activity integration in elementary education seeks to promote academic performance and the physical, emotional and social health of students. This study aims to examine the effect of active methodologies involving physical activity in primary school students through a detailed review of the scientific literature. A systematic review was conducted regarding PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed in Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus. Studies published between 2018 and April 2024 were selected. The studies focused on the application of active methodologies in primary school populations. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Articles from Various Fields. After screening and review, 22 articles were included. Most of the studies had longitudinal quasi-experimental or repeated measures designs with a randomized cluster-controlled pilot trial. Cross-sectional studies with descriptive data and mixed methods were also included. Cooperative learning and active breaks were found to improve engagement, classroom behavior, and academic outcomes. In addition, gamification and challenge-based learning also showed positive effects on motivation and engagement, although these were more context-dependent. Shorter or small-scale interventions produced promising but less robust results. Active methodologies improve primary education outcomes, but inconsistent designs limit generalization.

Los problemas con la imagen corporal y los trastornos que se derivan de la insatisfacción de la misma son cuestiones importantes en la Sociedad actual. La adolescencia es una etapa clave en esta cuestión y son varios los factores que influyen negativamente. Los objetivos de esta investigación son estudiar y valorar la imagen corporal y la condición física para analizar la relación entre ellos, especialmente la composición corporal, durante la implementación de un programa de intervención de ejercicio físico en el ámbito escolar en una muestra de cuarenta y un alumnos y alumnas de sexto de Educación Primaria a lo largo de un curso escolar, mediante un estudio longitudinal de corte quasi-experimental. Los resultados muestran una mejora en el conocimiento corporal y en la condición física, siendo destacada la disminución en el porcentaje graso corporal pero a pesar de la mejora, siguen presentando insatisfacción corporal y deseando una figura más delgada a la percibida, sobre todo en chicas. Concluimos que a pesar del conocimiento expreso de mejora, la insatisfacción corporal continuaba presentándose y entendemos que la influencia del currículum escolar es parcial. Palabras clave: Imagen corporal, composición corporal, programa, edad escolar, género y condición física. Problems with body image and the disorders that result from dissatisfaction with it are important issues in today's society. Adolescence is a key stage in this matter and there are several factors that negatively influence it. The objectives of this research are to study and assess body image and physical condition to analyze the relationship between them, especially body composition, during the implementation of a physical exercise intervention programme in the school environment, in a sample of forty-one students in the sixth year of Primary Education throughout a school year, through a quasi-experimental longitudinal study. The results show an improvement in body awareness and physical condition, being notable the decrease in body fat percentage, but despite the improvement, they continue to present body dissatisfaction and a desire for a slimmer figure than that perceived, especially in girls. We conclude that in spite of an intended improvement of body image, body dissatisfaction continued to appear and we understand that the influence of the school curriculum is partial. Key word: Body image, body composition, programme, school age, gender and physical fitness.

El objetivo del presente estudio es implementar una situación de aprendizaje con un producto final, caracterizada por su interdisciplinariedad y el trabajo de la competencia digital desde el área de Educación Física, en la que se parte de los hábitos de vida saludables de la comunidad educativa a la vez que se procura establecerlos en el alumnado. Se lleva a cabo colocando en el centro del proceso el área de educación física, donde el alumnado deberá poner en juego las competencias, especialmente aprender a aprender, en un contexto tecnológico, conviviendo en armonía y desarrollando así su capacidad de trabajo en equipo. Se recopiló información a través del cuestionario HAVISAES y además se utilizó un foro de debate para recoger las opiniones del alumnado. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran unos hábitos de vida saludables aún por consolidar en la mayoría de las familias, así como un incremento del interés y la motivación del alumnado en trabajos que se encuentran mediados por las TIC y las metodologías activas, concluyendo que este tipo de experiencia educativa tiene potencial para ayudar al alumnado a alcanzar unos aprendizajes de carácter significativo, a la vez que se produce un desarrollo competencial en el marco de trabajo con sus iguales, asumiendo responsabilidades, desarrollando procesos de indagación, elaborando materiales, utilizando las TIC y trabajando de forma autónoma. Palabras clave: Metodologías activas, situación de aprendizaje, actividad física, ODS, TIC, DUA The objective of this study is to implement a learning situation with a final product, characterized by its interdisciplinarity and the work of digital competence from the area of ​​Physical Education, which is based on the healthy lifestyle habits of the educational community through while trying to establish them in the students. It is carried out by placing the area of ​​physical education at the center of the process, where students must put skills into play, especially learning to learn, in a technological context, living in harmony and thus developing their ability to work as a team. Information was collected through the HAVISAES questionnaire and a discussion forum was also used to collect the opinions of the students. The results obtained demonstrate healthy lifestyle habits that have yet to be consolidated in the majority of families, as well as an increase in the interest and motivation of students in work that is mediated by ICT and active methodologies, concluding that this type of experience Educational training has the potential to help students achieve meaningful learning, while developing competencies within the framework of working with their peers, assuming responsibilities, developing inquiry processes, developing materials, using ICT and working autonomously. Keywords: Active methodologies, learning situation, physical activity, SDG, ICT, UDL.

The process of becoming a public teacher in Spain requires a long period of preparation. This long period of preparation has an impact on the psychosocial environment of the candidates. Differences have been observed in the psychosocial area according to gender in pre-service teachers. This research aims to study the relationship between the study hours per day, stress, burnout syndrome and resilience according to gender and to study the differences in the effects according to gender using multigroup equation modeling. A multigroup structural equation analysis has been proposed according to the gender of the participants. Parametric tests were used for the descriptive analysis of the results. The sample consists of 4117 participants, 1363 males and 2754 females. The instruments used to collect the data were a self-made questionnaire, Perceived Stress Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory. All the instruments have been validated and adapted to the sample. The data reveal that there are variations in the effects of the variables according to the gender of the participants. In conclusion, it is affirmed that gender is a very important factor in coping with the competitive examination process for state-public-teaching institutions, as well as in avoiding the appearance of disruptive states generated by this preparation process.

There is an international social concern about the low levels of physical activity among young people. It is essential to know what factors influence the practice of physical activity in order to design effective proposals for health promotion. The study aims to: (1) classify primary school students according to their levels of out-of-school physical activity, Mediterranean diet, emotional attention, emotional clarity and emotional repair; (2) analyse descriptively and correlationally the adolescents’ profiles of out-of-school physical activity, Mediterranean diet and emotional attention, clarity and repair. The study design was cross-sectional and descriptive–correlational. The sample consisted of 293 children aged 10–12 years in Granada (Spain). An ad hoc socio-academic questionnaire, the KIDMED test and the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) were used for data collection. Four clusters were identified by the Ward’s method and participants were classified using the K-means method. Subsequently, cluster classification was validated through the MANOVA test (F (861) = 106.12; p ≤ 0.001; f = 1.95). The strongest correlation was obtained in cluster 1 between emotional clarity and emotional repair (r = 0.56; p ≤ 0.01). In conclusion, the mean values of time spent in out-of-school physical activity, Mediterranean diet, emotional attention, emotional clarity and emotional repair of students are adequate and vary according to sex. There are significant differences among the physical activity levels of all clusters, as well as among the emotional variables of attention, clarity and repair. In addition, the correlations between the variables studied vary in each cluster.

En la actualidad el proceso establecido para llegar a ser docente público precisa de una elevada formación emocional. También se ha observado que la práctica regular de actividad física ayuda a incrementar los niveles de inteligencia emocional. El objetivo general de esta investigación es el siguiente: Analizar el efecto de los estados emocionales negativos y la inteligencia emocional sobre el bienestar psicológico. En función de este objetivo se proponen los siguientes objetivos específicos: (a) Proponer y ajustar un modelo teórico con las variables de estudio, y (b) Estudiar las diferencias en los efectos de estas variables en función del tiempo de actividad física semanal. Se presenta un estudio no experimental, exploratorio y transversal en una muestra de 3578 opositores de educación física andaluces. Para la recogida de los datos se utilizó el Cuestionario de elaboración propia, las Escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff, la Escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés-21 y el Formulario Cuestionario de Inteligencia Emocional. Todos estos instrumentos han sido validados y adaptados. Los datos revelan que los participantes más activos presentan un mejor efecto de la inteligencia emocional sobre el bienestar psicológico. Como conclusión se destaca la importancia de realizar actividades físico-deportivas durante la preparación de proceso de oposición docente. Palabras Clave: Opositores, Inteligencia Emocional, Bienestar Psicológico, Tiempo de Actividad Física Nowadays, the process of becoming a public teacher requires a high level of emotional training. It has also been observed that regular physical activity helps to increase levels of emotional intelligence. The general objective of this research is the following: To analyse the effect of negative emotional states and emotional intelligence on psychological well-being. Based on this objective, the following specific objectives are proposed: (a) To propose and adjust a theoretical model with the study variables, and (b) To study the differences in the effects of these variables as a function of weekly physical activity time. A non-experimental, exploratory and cross-sectional study is presented in a sample of 3578 Andalusian physical education students. For data collection we used the self-made questionnaire, the Ryff Psychological Well-being Scales, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 and the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Form. All these instruments have been validated and adapted. The data reveal that more active participants show a better effect of emotional intelligence on psychological well-being. In conclusion, the importance of physical-sports activities during the preparation of the teaching competitive examination process is highlighted. Keywords: Pre-Service Teachers, Emotional Intelligence, Psychological Well-being, Physical Activity Time.