Major losses of fresh tomatoes happen during post-harvest storage due to prompt senescence and diseases. The aim of the research was to evaluate the effects of different spectra of LED lights on the post-harvest preservation of ascorbic acid, lycopene, and total soluble solids, the weight and size of tomato fruits, as well as to determine the optimal exposure time and distance of irradiation and extension of shelf-life. Therefore, experiments were carried out in a climate chamber with shelves equipped with three different light spectra: red light-emitting diodes, red–blue–white light-emitting diodes, and ultraviolet-light-emitting diodes. Light treatment had a certain positive effect on the firmness, size, and mass of samples. Thus, tomato fruits (Panekra) exposed to the spectra of LED lights demonstrated a better quality of firmness and mass compared to the control samples (non-preserved) of tomatoes. The treatments with RL significantly improved the concentration of lycopene than FL and UV-LED lights, although the highest concentration of lycopene was observed in the control samples for the first 7 days of the storage. After 21 days, the ascorbic acid content in the red spectrum was found to be much higher than in the other two spectra and control samples, coming in at about 1.8 mg/100 mL compared to 1.0 mg/100 mL for the control samples. Total soluble solids also increased significantly after preservation, rising from 3.9 °Brix in the control samples to roughly 7.3 °Brix in samples preserved using the full spectrum after 21 days. Overall, the results of the study demonstrated that tomato preservation using the investigated techniques induced lycopene concentration, ascorbic acid, and total soluble solids concentrations. The results derived from this study provide highly useful information in the field of post-harvest preservation.

The food industry is one of the sectors that produces considerable amounts of solid waste on a daily basis. Handling such waste has been a significant issue of worldwide concern. As a result, research into developing low-cost and effective technology for the recovery of food waste is critical in order to keep pace with the rapidly developing world. This research investigated the potential of maggot production on the recovery of food waste. Four different food waste materials (banana, starch, pineapples, and oranges) were taken into consideration. Additionally, the effect of the fly attractant on the production system’s overall performance was assessed; the fly attractant was a mixture of cattle blood and meat waste. With a correlation index of 0.96 (without fly attractant) and 0.87 (with fly attractant), the number of days before harvesting and the average maggot weight had a very high (positive) correlation. Moreover, it was observed that using a fly attractant increased maggot yield substantially. For instance, the banana materials produced up to 94 g/kg of maggot weight on the eighth day, which is approximately a 32.4% increase from the same material without fly attractant. On the other hand, the trials’ relative dry weight reduction ranged from 52.5% to 82.4%. The results of this study also showed that producing maggots can be a practical method for recovering food waste, particularly when combined with the use of a fly attractant. The residue from the maggot production process can be applied as an organic fertilizer.

Данное исследование заключается в применении гидротермических показателей для оценки характера продукционно-деструкционного процесса в системе почва-растительность. Впервые в Мартукском районе Актюбинской области дана оценка интенсивности продукционно-деструкционного процесса при помощи балансовых уравнений по методике А. А. Титляновой. Объектом исследования является растительный покров сухих степей Мартукского района Актюбинской области. Предметом исследования является выявление влияния климатических и микроклиматических условий на динамику продуктивности и интенсивность продукционно – деструкционного процесса основных ассоциаций. Применение уравнений минимальной оценки биопродуктивности дало возможность рассчитать ряд динамических переменных для системы растения - почва, не поддающихся непосредственному измерению. Установлено, что одним из основных факторов, лимитирующих продукционно-деструкционный процесс в растительном сообществе, является их водный и температурный режим.

Assessing the bioenergetic productivity of agricultural landscapes is essential for their sustainable management and for identifying spatial variation. This study aims to develop a methodological approach to evaluating the biological, ecological, and bioclimatic productivity of the soil and vegetation cover in the Karaganda Region. Using long-term climatic data for 1981-2023 provided by the Republican State Enterprise Kazhydromet, the study applies systems analysis, comparative analysis, expert assessment, and mathematical modelling. Harrington’s generalised desirability function is used as an integrated indicator to convert measured values of individual variables with different physical properties and units into a common dimensionless desirability scale. The mathematical modelling of climatic, biological, and soil processes offers several advantages over previous approaches. First, the principal climatic and environmental factors governing the productivity of the soil and vegetation cover were identified. Second, mathematical model was developed to assess each of the main environmental indicators. Third, the environmental functions of the study area were expressed through indices of soil and vegetation productivity.