An incomplete, yet remarkably-sized dentated rostrum and associated partial cervical vertebrae of a pterosaur (ML 2554) were recently discovered from the Late Jurassic (Late Kimmeridgian-Early Tithonian) Lourinhã Formation of Praia do Caniçal, of central west Portugal. This specimen exhibits features such as a spatulated anterior expansion of the rostrum, robust comb-like dentition, and pronounced rims of the tooth alveoli, indicating gnathosaurine affinities. Based on its further unique tooth and dentary morphology, a new genus and species, Lusognathus almadrava gen. et spec. nov., is proposed, making this the first named pterosaur species found within Portugal. The presence of this taxon adds yet another element to the fluvio-deltaic lagoonal environment that has been suggested as representative of the Lourinhã Formation in the Late Jurassic, further contributing to the diversity and distribution of gnathosaurines worldwide.

Here, we describe the first pterosaur remains from Angola, an assemblage of fourteen bones from the Lower Maastrichtian marine deposits of Bentiaba, Namibe Province. One new species is introduced, Epapatelo otyikokolo, gen. et sp. nov., which comprises an articulated partial left humerus and ulna as well as an articulated left ulna and radius (from a second individual). Phylogenetic analysis confirms a non-nyctosaurid pteranodontian attribution for this new taxon and supports a new apomorphy-based clade, Aponyctosauria, which is here defined. Late Cretaceous pteranodontians are rare in Sub-Saharan Africa and throughout the Southern Hemisphere. Preliminary histological analysis also reveals a likely sub-adult age for one of the specimens. This fossil assemblage provides a first glimpse of Angolan pterosaur paleobiodiversity providing further insight into the Gondwanan ecosystems of the Upper Cretaceous.

Herbstosaurus pigmaeus Casamiquela, 1975 is a Late Jurassic pterosaur from northwestern Patagonia. It is based on the natural moulds and a few bony patches of the sacrum, prepubis, ilium, and both femora of a small-sized specimen. The phylogenetic relationships of this species have been a matter of debate, having been originally interpreted as a theropod dinosaur and subsequently as a pterosaur, either as an indeterminate pterodactyloid or a probable dsungaripteroid. However, a detailed and updated reassessment of its anatomy was still lacking. Here, we redescribe and compare the holotype and only known specimen of Herbstosaurus pigmaeus. We agree with previous authors in that the specimen is diagnostic to the species level and provide an emended diagnosis, including two autapomorphies. Quantitative phylogenetic analyses consistently find Herbstosaurus pigmaeus as deeply nested within the Pterodactyloidea and as a member of the Dsungaripteroidea. The dsungaripteroid affinities of Herbstosaurus pigmaeus are weak, based solely on femoral character-states, but is the most parsimonious hypothesis with the evidence at hand. The recognition of Herbstosaurus pigmaeus as a deeply nested pterodactyloid expands the taxonomic diversity of the pterosaur record of southwestern Gondwana during the Late Jurassic.

As the first group of tetrapods to achieve powered flight, pterosaurs first appeared in the Late Triassic. They proliferated globally, and by the Late Jurassic through the Cretaceous, the majority of these taxa belonged to the clade Monofenestrata (which includes the well-known Pterodactyloidea as its major subclade), typified by their single undivided fenestra anterior to the orbit. Here, a new taxon Melkamter pateko gen. et sp. nov., represented by the specimen MPEF-PV 11530 (comprising a partial cranium and associated postcranial elements), is reported from the latest Early Jurassic (Toarcian) locality of Queso Rallado (Cañadón Asfalto Formation) and referred to the clade Monofenestrata, increasing our previously known taxonomic and geographic representations, and temporal range for this clade. This occurrence marks the oldest record of Monofenestrata globally and helps to shed critical light on the evolutionary processes undergone during the ‘non-pterodactyloid’-to-pterodactyloid transition within the Pterosauria. In addition, another single isolated tooth from the same locality shows ctenochasmatid affinities. These finds further elucidate the still-poor Gondwanan Jurassic pterosaur fossil record, underscoring that most of our current ideas about the timing and modes of pterosaur evolution during that period are largely based on (and biased by) the pterosaur fossil record of the Northern Hemisphere.