Oncotarget | https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.17313 Feifei Huang, Bing Pan, Jun Wu, Engeng Chen, Liying Chen Relationship between exposure to PM2.5 and lung cancer incidence and mortality: A meta-analysis

Human cytomegalovirus infection and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a formidable global health challenge, ranking among the most prevalent malignancies and a principal contributor to cancer-associated mortality. While traditional open surgery has historically been the cornerstone of CRC treatment, the advent of minimally invasive techniques, particularly robotic-assisted colorectal surgery (RACS), has garnered significant momentum owing to technological advancements in the field. Robotic platforms, exemplified by the da Vinci Surgical System, offer superior three-dimensional visualization, enhanced dexterity, and heightened precision, yielding improved perioperative outcomes, particularly in anatomically intricate regions such as the pelvis. This review provides a critical appraisal of the current landscape of RACS, emphasizing its superiority over conventional open and laparoscopic approaches. The increased control and precision afforded by robotic surgery have been shown to optimize outcomes in complex procedures such as total mesorectal excision, with evidence indicating reduced intraoperative blood loss, shortened hospital stays, and improved functional recovery. Nonetheless, challenges persist, including absence of haptic feedback, prohibitive costs, and steep learning curve associated with robotic systems. Despite these limitations, RACS has demonstrated considerable promise in sphincter-preserving and function-preserving procedures, ultimately enhancing postoperative quality of life. Beyond the surgical field, this review also investigates the integration of robotic surgery within multidisciplinary treatment strategies for CRC, particularly in the context of locally advanced rectal cancer. The combination of robotic techniques with total neoadjuvant therapy and immunotherapy—especially in tumors characterized by mismatch repair deficiency or high microsatellite instability has shown notable clinical efficacy. Furthermore, emerging personalized therapeutic approaches, including immunotherapies and targeted chemotherapeutic agents, emphasize the transformative potential of RACS in delivering superior oncologic outcomes. Looking towards the future, innovations in robotic platforms, including intraoperative imaging, artificial intelligence, and augmented reality, herald new possibilities for further enhancing the precision and efficacy of colorectal surgeries. The standardization of RACS protocols, alongside ongoing training and robust clinical research, will be critical to fully realizing the benefits of these advancements across diverse clinical settings. By incorporating cutting-edge technologies and personalized treatment methods, robotic-assisted surgery is prepared to become a cornerstone in future of CRC management, with the potential to significantly improve both survival outcomes and patient quality of life.

// <![CDATA[ $('.header-date').hide();$('#titleAuthors').hide();$('#abstractHeader').hide(); // ]]> Engeng Chen1, 2, Zhiru Zeng3, Bingjun Bai1, 2, Jing Zhu1, 2, Zhangfa Song1, 2 1Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, P.R. China 2Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310016, P.R. China 3The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China Correspondence to: Zhangfa Song, email: doctorsongzhangfa@163.com Keywords: CD133, CSCs, NSCLC, EGFR, meta-analysis Received: June 14, 2016 Accepted: July 19, 2016 Published: July 30, 2016 ABSTRACT The prognostic value of cancer stem cells (CSCs) marker CD133 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis of 32 eligible studies to clarify the prognostic value of CD133 and provide evidence for CSCs hypothesis. We calculated pooled hazard ratio (HR) for survival outcomes and pooled odds ratio (OR) for clinical parameters associated with CD133 in total 3595 NSCLC patients by STATA. Our results showed that NSCLC patients with higher CD133 expression had shorter overall survival time only in Asian patients (HR = 3.80, 95% CI: 3.12–4.04, p < 0.001; I² = 32%) but not in Caucasian patients (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.88–1.52, p = 0.307; I² = 0%), suggesting that differential prognostic value of CD133 in distinct ethnic group. We speculated that the intrinsic EGFR gene status of CSCs might be responsible for this racial difference. Additionally, we found that higher expression of CD133 was associated with poor differentiation (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.32–3.14, p = 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.62–3.52, p < 0.001) but there was no significant difference of CD133 expression between adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.93–1.38, p = 0.3) in NSCLC patients. These results may provide a new therapeutic perspective on the treatment of NSCLC patients according to the expression of CD133 in distinct ethnic group.

Great value in the early identification and treatment of adenomatous polyps or early canceration using colonoscopy has been recognized. A clear colonoscopic vision brought by good intestinal preparation will become crucial. Several studies have completed using the low-residue diet (LRD) versus a clear liquid diet (CLD) the day before colonoscopy that presenting contradictory results. Therefore, a more comprehensive and updated meta-analysis is needed to summarize the findings on the effects of LRD and CLD on intestinal preparation and the quality of coloscopy. The comprehensive search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane databases (February 2020). LRD vs CLD before colonoscopy were included in this study. Mantel-Haenszel or DerSimonian and Laird models with the relative risk (RR) to evaluate differences in intestinal preparation, tolerance, readiness to repeat preparation, detected of a polyp, and overall adverse reactions. Total 16 studies (N = 3413) were eligible. Patients with LRD compared with CLD indicated significantly better of tolerability (RR 0.92;95% CI,0.85–0.99; P < .05) and willingness to repeat intestinal preparation (RR 0.86; 95% CI 0.79–0.93; P < .05), but no differences with adequate intestinal preparations, detected polyp or overall adverse reactions (all P > .05). Patients with LRD the day before colonoscopy show better tolerance and willingness to repeat intestinal preparation, and no difference with adequate intestinal preparations compared with CLD, but the recommended level of evidence is weak. However, in terms of the detection rate of intestinal adenomas, the LRD group is not weaker than the CLD group, for its evidence level is high, and can significantly reduce the hunger experience of patients.

Ly6/Plaur domain‑containing 8 (LYPD8) contributes to the segregation of intestinal microbiota and intestinal epithelia and is critical for the prevention of intestinal inflammation. However, its relevance in cancer biology remains to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to clarify the biological effects of LYPD8 on colon cancer tissue from patients and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. The results revealed that the expression of LYPD8 was significantly reduced in the CRC tissue compared with that in precancerous tissue and normal tissue, particularly in stage III tissue. The results also revealed increased levels of P65 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and increased secretion of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α) in CRC tissue compared with levels in precancerous tissue. Supporting these findings, the levels of secreted TNF‑α and IL‑6 were significantly reduced when LYPD8 was overexpressed in human CRC cells, and the secretion of TNF‑α and IL‑6 were positively associated with the phosphorylation of STAT3 and P65. However, this trend was restored upon supplementation with TNF‑α and IL‑6 in CRC cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of LYPD8 in CRC cells significantly inhibited CRC cell proliferation and migration. Overall, the LYPD8‑mediated tumor‑inhibiting role involves a direct effect on the secretion of IL‑6/TNF‑α in CRC cells by reducing the phosphorylation of STAT3 and P65.