Jigs and fixtures were brought to the world of machining, bringing a variety of practical purposes. The concept enables rapid mass production of the same product. Thus, the company will streamline the manufacturing process for each component and boost productivity. At times, the machining operation was carried out entirely by the machine, without jigs and fixtures. As a result, jigs and fixtures were created to expedite the drilling process. The project's objectives are to design a jig and fixture, fabricate it, and analyze the performance on a square block of wood. The structural model for drilling jigs and fixtures was created using the Inventor Professional 2019 Computer-Aided Design Software. The fabrication process used were milling, surface grinding, CNC wire-cut, and drilling machines. Aluminium 1065 was utilized because it is less expensive, lighter than other materials, and easy to process. The result demonstrates that a hole can be drilled quickly using the jigs and fixtures. Preparing the hole with a jig and fixture takes only 1.28 minutes, compared to 3.45 minutes with a table drill. The advantages of this product are the time operation can be reduced and quickly operations on the drilling process.

Ceramic-metal surface coating is very well known for its high thermal, wear and corrosion resistance. The paper discussed on comparison of characterization of Nickel-cubic boron nitride (Ni-CBN) composite coating on two types of substrate. The substrates used are High Speed Steel (HSS) and Carbide due to good hardness, low cost and easily available. The composite Ni-CBN has been used in machining industries recently. It is desirable to get high ceramic of CBN to metal Ni ratio for corrosion, thermal and wear resistance. A sample of HSS and carbide substrate of CBN was used as the base for composite deposition. The surface coating of Ni-CBN was deposited via electroless nickel where the process of involved chemical reactions as the ceramic CBN powders was embedded within the coating. The characterization of the composite deposition was done by JSM-7800F Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). The FESEM image proves that nano CBN powders were embedded in HSS substrate and distributed consistently on the coating surface.

Many manufacturers have lately expressed an interest in the use of fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPs) in structural applications. Carbon and glass fibers, for example, have been commercialized globally for decades. However, they are harmful to the environment since synthetic fibers are non-biodegradable and difficult to recycle once they have fulfilled their purpose. As a result of their better physical and mechanical qualities, natural fiber composites such as kenaf are a prospective substitute for synthetic fiber. Kenaf is the most promising alternative for replacing synthetic fibers in order to achieve the environmental preservation while simultaneously exhibiting great properties such as equivalent specific strength, low density, and renewable resources. Treated kenaf fiber was added to ABS with varying loading (10, 15, 20 and 25 wt.%) via Two Roll Mill machine. The influence of the fiber on the composites was evaluated for water absorption properties. The water absorption test was conducted for 5 days referring to the ASTM D570. The morphology of produced composite was investigated using JOEL Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) at 200X magnifications. The incorporation of the treated kenaf fiber has an influence on the properties of kenaf/ABS composites. The fiber was well dispersed in the matrix and showed good adhesion to the ABS. Kenaf/ABS composites showed an increment of water absorbed with an increment of fiber loading.

This review emphasizes on the development of electroless nickel composite coatings by incorporating different types of material and interlayers to improve the mechanical and tribological properties of the coatings. Electroless nickel coatings are the main focus of this review as it possesses excellent mechanical and tribological properties such as, hardness, wear and corrosion resistance. Besides, electroless nickel coating may behave as lubricating as well as wear resistance coating compared to other interlayer coatings. Tribology aspect is concern on the friction and wear phenomena which involved the moving parts that measures the overall systems’ life, efficiency, and reliability. Interlayer coatings are applied to improve the adhesion between the substrate and the outer coating materials. Various materials are used as interlayers either pure or compound metallic elements.

Muhammad Ikram Shaharudin, Nor Bahiyah Baba, Alias Mohd, Rabiatul Manisah Mohamed, & Mashelmie Sidik. (2023). An Experimental Investigation on Melt Flow Index and Water Absorption of rHIPS/ABS/Kenaf Composite. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 108(1), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.108.1.103113

Cutting force attenuation in AWJ induces surface defects (high Ra, large theta) in metals and delamination in composites, especially in thick sections that limiting industrial adoption and requiring post-processing. A robust Taguchi experimental design was employed to optimize AWJ cutting parameters to minimize these issues when cutting thick aluminium blocks. An L8 orthogonal array with three factors; waterjet pressure (WP), stand-off distance (SOD), and traverse speed (TS), each at two levels, was used and analyzed via Minitab software. Other parameters remained constant: nozzle diameter (1.0 mm), abrasive size (80 mesh), and abrasive flow rate (0.3 kg/min). Traverse speed was found to be the most critical factor affecting Ra and theta, though waterjet pressure and stand-off distance also had significant impacts. The optimal parameters, higher waterjet pressure (315 MPa), lower traverse speed (38 mm/min), and lower stand-off distance (3 mm), yielded the best results for both Ra (4.2 µm) and theta (1.24°). In conclusion, the interaction of optimized AWJ parameters enhances kinetic energy and momentum transfer, improving material removal efficiency and cutting surface quality. The study systematically evaluates critical abrasive waterjet parameters to optimize cutting strategies, demonstrating applicability for thick aluminium and diverse material types.