Cannabis sativa L. contains more than 80 cannabinoids, among which cannabidiol (CBD) is the main neuroactive component. We aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of CBD in vitro and in vivo isolated from “Pink pepper”, a novel hemp cultivar, by repeating the method of selecting and cultivating individuals with the highest CBD content. We investigated the effects of CBD on inflammatory markers elevated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells through Western blot and RT-PCR. In addition, we confirmed these effects through the ELISA of inflamed paw tissue of a λ-carrageenan-induced mouse edema model that received an oral administration of CBD. CBD inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB and MAPK in RAW 264.7 and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects by participating in these pathways. In our in vivo study, we confirmed that CBD also inhibited the inflammatory mediators of proteins extracted from edematous mouse paw tissue. These results show that CBD isolated from “Pink pepper” exhibits potent anti-inflammatory effects. These anti-inflammatory effects of CBD have pharmacological and physiological significance, highlighting the industrial value of this novel cultivar.

Cannabis breeders are combining several genes to develop economically valuable fiber, seed, and medicinal hemp. This study analyzed the characteristics and selection of traits based on cannabidiol production of medicinal cannabis lines successfully grown under artificial light and nutrient solution cultivation conditions in smart farm conditions. Sixteen female plants were selected by seeding medical hemp F1 hybrid specimens obtained by randomly crossing Cherry Wine and native hemp from each country. The F1 generation was treated with 12 h light to induce flower differentiation. CBD production peaked on day 50 of the treatment, and this was selected as the harvesting day. All F1 hybrids were separated by leaf and inflorescence after collecting morphological data, and fresh and dry weights were measured. The CBD production of leaf and inflorescence per cubic meter was calculated. The CW21-5 line produced a total of 53.002 ± 0.228 g of CBD per cubic meter, the highest CBD producer. In addition, heatmap correlation analysis showed that most morphological data were not related to cannabinoid content. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Self-Organizing Map (SOM) analysis showed that CW21-5 is an arbitrary line that does not cluster with other lines, and the reason for its excellent CBD yield per cubic meter is that it has a narrow plant diameter and a high CBD content at the same time.