The transition from traditional cities to smart cities is not only reflected in the optimisation and upgrading of urban infrastructure public services but also in the expansion and intensification of new disaster risks. This study first reviewed the related work on disaster risks of smart cities and thereby constructed an indicator framework of new disaster risk influencing factors for smart cities. Then, a fuzzy DANP-ISM method was developed to analyse the interactions and prioritise these factors. The results revealed the critical factors of new disaster risks in smart cities, including online mass incidents, cyberterrorism, technology ethics, information infrastructure, physical infrastructure, information overcollection, cyber-attacks and information leakage. Among them, information infrastructure and physical infrastructure were the primary influencing factors, with the other factors being influenced by them. Furthermore, major challenges of new disaster risk management in smart cities are discussed in this paper, and corresponding strategies are provided. This study not only enriches the risk studies of smart cities but also provides important theoretical and methodological references for emergency management of smart cities.

Coal mining is a major source of energy-related methane emissions; coal mine methane (CMM) governance is therefore relevant to climate mitigation and environmental sustainability. However, systematic evidence remains limited on how policy attention has evolved across China’s CMM policy system and how key design elements are configured within individual policies. This study examines the thematic evolution and policy design consistency of China’s CMM policies from 1988 to 2025. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) was applied to 163 policy texts, and the Policy Modeling Consistency (PMC) Index was used to assess 12 selected policies. Four themes were identified: CMM extraction and utilization, coalbed methane resource planning and regulation, methane utilization and low-carbon transition, and coal mine gas safety management. Coal mine gas safety management remained recurrent, while methane utilization and low-carbon transition became more prominent in later years. The PMC assessment indicated acceptable-to-excellent overall consistency but uneven dimensional coverage; Policy Timeliness, Policy Instruments, and Policy Object had the lowest mean scores. These findings indicate that policy timeliness, instrument configuration, and target-actor specification warrant particular attention in future CMM policy design.

Although the significance of public emergency participation is beyond doubt, the public’s emergency knowledge in China and the present societal demands have a considerable gap. Therefore, this study constructed a theoretical model of public’s emergency knowledge diffusion based on the weighted small-world network model, and explored the diffusion patterns and influencing factors of public’s emergency knowledge under the different selection strategies of emergency knowledge senders and different network intensities by MATLAB simulation. The results show that regardless of the intensity of the relationship in the public’s emergency knowledge diffusion network, determining the sender with the knowledge priority strategy can bring a higher emergency knowledge growth rate in the short term. In addition, public participation policies, protection laws, and information technology play a positive role on the diffusion efficiency of public’s emergency knowledge, while the diffusion cost has a negative impact. Compared with weak relation networks, the diffusion efficiency is higher in strong relation networks, and the diffusion process of public’s emergency knowledge in weak relation networks is more susceptible to the influence of external factors. This study not only fills the gap in the study of public’s emergency knowledge diffusion, but also provides a theoretical reference for the improvement of public’s emergency knowledge.