Fiber reinforced polymer composites have great potential for engineering applications. In this work, we have provided a comprehensive review on the damping properties of fiber reinforced polymer composites. This paper has focused on the mechanism and analytical method of damping properties. This work also presents a broad review on several factors which determined the damping, such as matrix, fiber types, fiber architecture, fiber surface modification, and incorporated fillers. We further discussed the role of interfacial region on the improvement of damping, where high shear strain energy is stored at this region. Nanofillers, fiber coating, and interpenetrating polymer networks have high potential for damping treatment. We have concluded this review with some helpful suggestions for the future development of fiber reinforced composites with desired damping properties.